Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering in 1992"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss a modern method of mathematically modelling the behavior of macroscopic volume elements, including elasticity, plasticity, damage mechanics and cracking, which determine the resistance of solids to deformation and fracture.
Abstract: Description: Elasticity, plasticity, damage mechanics and cracking are all phenomena which determine the resistance of solids to deformation and fracture. The authors of this book discuss a modern method of mathematically modelling the behaviour of macroscopic volume elements. The book is self-contained and the first three chapters review physical mechanisms at the microstructural level, thermodynamics of irreversible processes, mechanics of continuous media, and the classification of the behaviour of solids. The rest of the book is devoted to the modelling of different types of material behaviour. In each case the authors present characteristic data for numerous materials, and discuss the physics underlying the phenomena together with methods for the numerical analysis of the resulting equations.
712 citations
TL;DR: The introduction to finite element vibration analysis second is universally compatible with any devices to read and available in the book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Abstract: introduction to finite element vibration analysis second is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the introduction to finite element vibration analysis second is universally compatible with any devices to read
303 citations
TL;DR: The dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is an important parameter in the design of highway bridges and yet no worldwide consensus has been reached so far as to its value as discussed by the authors, and some disagreement exists be...
Abstract: The dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is an important parameter in the design of highway bridges and yet no worldwide consensus has been reached so far as to its value. Some disagreement exists be...
184 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of an experimental study on 18 designs of vertical slot fishways were presented, and it was shown that a width of 8b0 and a length of 10b0 for the pools, where b0...
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on 18 designs of vertical slot fishways. Based on these results, it appears that a width of 8b0 and a length of 10b0 for the pools, where b0...
123 citations
116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the value of regional flood frequency analysis using the method of L-moments is investigated using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, and the results indicate that the regional GEV model is more accurate than the single site analysis.
Abstract: The value of regional flood frequency analysis is investigated using the method of L-moments. This study shows that the variability of L-skewness in the province of Nova Scotia is due in large part to sampling error. This implies that a relation between the L-skewness and the basin's characteristics cannot be determined. This study demonstrates that flood data in Nova Scotia can best be described by the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The results also indicate that the regional GEV model is more accurate than the single site analysis. Key words: L-moments, skewness, regional flood analysis, generalized extreme value distribution, simulation.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of using perfobond rib type shear connectors in composite beams with ribbed metal decks was investigated on 48 push-out specimens to investigate the feasibility.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the results of tests performed on 48 push-out specimens to investigate the feasibility of using perfobond rib type shear connectors in composite beams with ribbed metal decks ...
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of six full-size composite beam specimens tested as part of an ongoing research program at the University of Saskatchewan to determine the feasibility of using a new composite beam was presented.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of six full-size composite beam specimens tested as part of an ongoing research program at the University of Saskatchewan to determine the feasibility of using a new...
59 citations
TL;DR: During the past decade, several engineering disciplines, including construction, have embarked on developing “intelligent” decision support systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques.
Abstract: During the past decade, several engineering disciplines, including construction, have embarked on developing “intelligent” decision support systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques,...
56 citations
Abstract: The results of monotonic and cyclic nail connection lateral tests are presented. The tests are part of an extensive experimental and analytical study to investigate the behaviour of timber shear walls subjected to earthquakes. The results from the nail connection tests were used in a larger study of timber shear walls. The nonlinear load–deflection curves were used for modelling the nail connection between the sheathing and the framing of the shear walls. The dependency of the nail connection on the grain orientation of the timber materials is investigated along with the evidence that the material properties of the nails are the primary parameters for the load–displacement characteristics of the connection made with hot-dipped, galvanized common nails. Both the monotonic and cyclic lateral behaviours of the connections are established. The premise that the hysteresis for the nail connection is contained within an envelope defined by the monotonic load–displacement curve is confirmed. These connection char...
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results for monotonic and slow cyclic racking tests of timber shear walls are presented, which show the important influence of the nail connection between the sheathing and the framing on the load-displacement characteristics of shear wall.
Abstract: The results for monotonic (ramp load) and slow cyclic racking tests of timber shear walls are presented. The tests are part of an extensive experimental and analytical study to investigate the behaviour of timber shear walls subjected to earthquakes. The results of full-size shear wall tests show the important influence of the nail connection between the sheathing and the framing on the load-displacement characteristics of shear walls. The premise that the hysteresis for the shear wall is contained within an envelope defined by the monotonic load-displacement curve for the wall is confirmed. Also, the hysteresis is studied to determine the physical behaviour that causes the shape of the hysteresis to be dependent on the maximum displacement of the wall. Both the monotonic and cyclic racking behaviours of timber shear walls are established; and the performances of plywood and waferboard sheathed shear walls are compared. Key words: full-scale monotonic and cyclic tests, plywood, waferboard, timber shear walls.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reliability index assumed for evaluation of existing bridges requires a closer definition for bridge reliability index, and the authors propose a more precise definition of reliability index for bridges.
Abstract: So that the limited funds available for bridge upgrading can be spent in the most effective manner, the reliability index assumed for evaluation of existing bridges requires a closer definition tha...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a possible solution to the problem of scrap-tire disposal, where growing piles of discarded tires are potential sources of fire and health hazards, and the current disposal methods are wasteful and costly.
Abstract: Growing piles of discarded tires are potential sources of fire and health hazards. The current disposal methods are wasteful and costly. As a possible solution to the problem of scrap-tire disposal...
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model was developed to predict the velocity distribution and the concentration distribution for a nonuniform flocculated particle suspension for turbulent density stratified flow in a non-uniform fluid.
Abstract: A numerical model has been developed to predict the velocity distribution and the concentration distribution for a nonuniform flocculated particle suspension for turbulent density stratified flow i
TL;DR: In this article, consistent load and resistance factors are developed for a range of target values of the reliability index, β, following first-order second-moment analysis techniques for use in the evaluation of h...
Abstract: Consistent load and resistance factors are developed for a range of target values of the reliability index, β, following first-order second-moment analysis techniques for use in the evaluation of h...
TL;DR: The seismic safety of concrete dams is a matter of serious concern around the world as discussed by the authors, and during severe ground motions, the dams are likely to experience cracking due to low tensile resistance of concre...
Abstract: The seismic safety of concrete dams is a matter of serious concern around the world. During severe ground motions, the dams are likely to experience cracking due to low tensile resistance of concre...
TL;DR: In this paper, a model test program has been performed to study the dynamic ice loads on a jacket platform used in Bohai Bay, China, at a geometric scale factor of 1:26.
Abstract: A model test program has been performed to study the dynamic ice loads on a jacket platform used in Bohai Bay, China. The tests were performed at a geometric scale factor of 1:26. The prototype structure/foundation compliance was modelled and the structure was subjected to scaled ice sheets corresponding to the ice conditions in the Bohai Bay. The loads, moments, displacements, and accelerations of the structure were measured. The test variables include the ice thickness, ice speed, elevation of ice cover, and structure orientation with respect to the ice motion. An analysis of the data shows good agreement with measured full-scale information. Key words: ice, loads, dynamic, vibration, jacket structure, foundation, China.
TL;DR: In this paper, estimates of leachate strength and its variance over time were examined to provide a management tool for forecasting the need for leachates treatment and groundwater monitoring during the active phases of leaching.
Abstract: Estimates of leachate strength and its variance over time are examined to provide a management tool for forecasting the need for leachate treatment and groundwater monitoring during the active phas...
TL;DR: In this paper, a huge slide involving 68'×'106'm3 of soils occurred along the right bank of Yalong River in Sichuan Province, China, and the sliding materials blocked the river and formed a dam-like structure having a height of 175'm and creating a reservoir with a capacity of approximately 680'×
Abstract: A huge slide involving 68 × 106 m3 of soils occurred along the right bank of Yalong River in Sichuan Province, China. The sliding materials blocked the river and formed a dam-like structure having a height of 175 m and creating a reservoir with a capacity of approximately 680 × 106 m3. The dam breach which was caused by overtopping lasted 13 h and resulted in an estimated maximum flood discharge of 53 000 m3/s. Based on the hydrograph created by measuring the flows downstream of the dam, the process of dam breach was roughly estimated. Key words: landslide dam, cohesionless material, overtopping, breach, flood, hydrograph, failure process.
TL;DR: In this article, the safety of a particular design is evaluated using a single meaningful measure as is possible in structural or geotechnical engineering, and the safety measure is found to be as good as that of structural or structural engineering.
Abstract: Highway engineers, when asked to state the safety of a particular design, are usually at a loss to give a single meaningful measure as is possible in structural or geotechnical engineering. This pa...
TL;DR: In this paper, the seismic behavior of a typical wall-type reinforced concrete building with a footing that is unable to develop the flexural wall capacity is investigated, and nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed.
Abstract: This paper investigates the seismic behaviour of a typical wall-type reinforced concrete building with a footing that is unable to develop the flexural wall capacity. Nonlinear dynamic analysis is ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the improvements in the performance characteristics of cements due to carbon fiber reinforcement are described, in particular the structure, physical properties, the mechanical behavior, and the durability aspects of carbon-cement composites using pitch-based fibers.
Abstract: The improvements in the performance characteristics of cements due to carbon fiber reinforcement are described. In particular, the structure, the physical properties, the mechanical behavior, and the durability aspects of carbon–cement composites using pitch-based fibers are discussed. The various possible applications of these composites in structural and nonstructural applications are enumerated. The future research needs are identified. Key words: cements, carbon fibers, microstructure, strength, toughness, durability, applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of closely spaced plane steel framed buildings interconnected by horizontal structural links to prevent pounding during earthquake excitations is evaluated, and a parametric study, utilizing nonlinear time history dynamic analysis, is performed to determine the optimum properties for the structural links when each building pair is excited by three different historical earthquake ground motions.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the performance of closely spaced plane steel framed buildings interconnected by horizontal structural links to prevent pounding during earthquake excitations. Friction damping capability is incorporated into the modelling of these structural links in order to also determine their potential for dissipating energy during a seismic event. Six pairs of building models, having widely different dynamic characteristics, are considered in this investigation. A parametric study, utilizing nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis, is performed to determine the optimum properties for the structural links when each building pair is excited by three different historical earthquake ground motions. This is followed by a detailed reponse analysis comparison of each of these optimized friction damped coupled structures against their uncoupled and elastically coupled counterparts. Key words: earthquake, steel, frames, inelastic, pounding, friction, damping.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the application of the characteristic-dissipative-Galerkin method to steady and unsteady open channel flow problems and describe the robust performance of this new finite element scheme.
Abstract: This paper describes the application of the characteristic-dissipative-Galerkin method to steady and unsteady open channel flow problems. The robust performance of this new finite element scheme is...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the question of developing design criteria for thermal effects in concrete bridges, where the objective is to determine extreme temperature effects having a specified return per second.
Abstract: The present paper addresses the question of developing design criteria for thermal effects in concrete bridges. The objective is to determine extreme temperature effects having specified return per...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the 1 bar diameter of equivalent concrete cover provided by the transverse reinforcement confinement is too restrictive under static loading, and that much larger concrete cover, up to 2-2.5 bar diameters, can be utilized, in lieu of requiring very long lap lengths.
Abstract: In tension lap splices, the benefit provided to the lap by stirrups placed to intercept longitudinal cracking due to bond splitting action is recognized by the American Concrete Institute code (ACI 318-89) and the design recommendations of ACI Committee 408, on which the American code provisions are partially based. However, a limit exists on the benefit that can be derived from this confinement. In Canada, Canadian Standards Association Standard CAN3 A23.3 M-84 does not directly recognize the confinement benefit provided by stirrups placed along a lap splice. The current study shows that the ACI limit of 1 bar diameter of equivalent concrete cover provided by the transverse reinforcement confinement is too restrictive under static loading. When the concrete cover is small, much larger transverse reinforcement confinement, up to 2-2.5 bar diameters of equivalent concrete cover, can be utilized, in lieu of requiring very long lap lengths. The tests also show that total confinement (actual concrete confinem...
TL;DR: In this paper, the documented cases of collapsed unreinforced brick masonry industrial chimneys are numerous during recent earthquakes, and observed modes of structural failure are either total collapse or sometimes...
Abstract: During recent earthquakes, the documented cases of collapsed unreinforced brick masonry industrial chimneys are numerous. Observed modes of structural failure are either total collapse or sometimes...
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of laboratory experiments aimed at obtaining preliminary insights into characteristic features of ice jams in river bends are presented, which focused on jams co-existing in rivers.
Abstract: Presented herein are the results of laboratory experiments aimed at obtaining preliminary insights into characteristic features of ice jams in river bends. The experiments, which focused on jams co...