Showing papers in "Cartographic Journal in 2023"
TL;DR: In this paper , the development of a triangulation network in the time of Napoleon I was analyzed, when, due to imperial expansion, the extension of the existing triagulation network was necessary to extend Cassini's original map of France to the newly conquered territories of the French Empire.
Abstract: This paper analyses the development of a triangulation network in the time of Napoleon I, when, due to imperial expansion, the extension of the existing triangulation network was necessary to extend Cassini's original map of France to the newly conquered territories of the French Empire. For this purpose, triangulators had to connect the already existing regional networks with the basic French network, as well as establish completely new ones in regions where they had not existed until then. Connecting various networks into a single chain was not only aimed at improving the accuracy of maps; it was also a clear reflection of a new understanding of territorial sovereignty. This paper examines which networks were established within modern-day northern Italy and maritime Croatia, and how they were mutually harmonized and interconnected, as well as what kind of repercussions this had on the development of mapping and map standardization.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors quantify land cover and vegetation changes over the past 250 years on Norfolk Island, Australia, a remote island important for its cultural heritage and biodiversity, and find that after the first (colonized) settlement, non-agricultural vegetation cover was at its lowest during the 1940s, and has since then expanded.
Abstract: This paper aims to quantify land cover and vegetation changes over the past 250 years on Norfolk Island, Australia, a remote island important for its cultural heritage and biodiversity. We collated over 130 historical maps and aerial photos from various archives, of which we georeferenced 80. Supervised classification and manual digitization were used to extract detailed land cover information on vegetation cover from 10 historical maps and datasets. While the classification and symbology used to represent vegetation on the different maps varied over time, we were able to track changes in vegetation cover on the island. We found that after the first (colonial) settlement, non-agricultural vegetation cover was at its lowest during the 1940s, and has since then expanded. We found high constancy of land cover patterns on the island since 1840 onwards. Historical maps thus provide an understanding of the dynamics that shape the present landscape.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors of the maps were placed in the role of the users of their maps, and eye-tracking was utilized to reveal their map reading strategies and compare them with the strategies of other cartographers and cartographic novices.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a method that can be used for the verification of cartographic communication models. The authors of the maps were placed in the role of the users of their maps. Then, eye-tracking was utilized to reveal their map reading strategies and compare them with the strategies of other cartographers and cartographic novices. The crucial part of the data analysis was scanpath comparison using the sequence of visited Areas of Interest, which helped quantify map reading strategies’ similarity. The use of the same strategy as the map author used might be a prerequisite for users’ proper understanding of a map reflected by the overlap of the author’s and users’ realities in Koláčný’s model. The overlap was considerable in most cases; however, exceptions in which authors used a different map reading strategy were identified.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors give alternative formulations for the map projection and its scale factors and develop an efficient inverse for the projection, which is optimal for a conformal world map of the sphere interrupted along an entire meridian.
Abstract: Friedrich Eisenlohr presented a map projection in 1870 that is optimal for a conformal world map of the sphere interrupted along an entire meridian. The projection has received little attention in the literature despite its theoretical importance. This paper gives alternative formulations for the projection and its scale factors and develops an efficient inverse for the projection.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors extracted locations from travel itineraries from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and analyzed historical maps from the fifteen to the twentieth centuries to calculate several least-cost paths (LCPs).
Abstract: Investigating long-distance travelling routes is crucial for understanding both historical decision-making processes as well as possible regional points of interest that may have been lost in the course of time. Located in the northern Ethiopian highlands, the city of Aksum was the starting and return point for both, Ethiopian, Arabian, and European travellers on the north-south passage to Cairo, Jerusalem or Europe, at least from the fifteenth century onwards. We extracted locations from travel itineraries from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and analysed historical maps from the fifteenth to the twentieth centuries. This data was used to calculate several least-cost paths (LCPs). Results suggest that route planning in historical times was in some cases very cost effective, while in others, visiting specific locations may have played a major role in path selection. Additionally, LCPs based on historical waypoints reveal several remarkable historical locations along their way.
TL;DR: In this article , a cartometric analysis of the Adriatic Sea basin on 11 manuscript and printed Early Modern Age nautical charts, made between 1538 and 1771, was performed.
Abstract: Cartographic representations of the Adriatic Sea basin on 11 (manuscript and printed) Early Modern Age nautical charts, made between 1538 and 1771, were subjected to a cartometric analysis in which their geometrical features were inspected. Additionally, four of them on which the graticules were plotted and were subjected to the analysis of their spherical coordinates, which was conducted in parallel. The results show that cartographers who produced printed charts in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, never succeeded in surpassing the geometric accuracy of manuscript portolan charts from the sixteenth century, regardless of whether their charts contained graticules or not. According to the results and the historical context of contemporary technological development, it appears that in the era that preceded systematic hydrographic surveys, their authors had no other choice but to (partially) copy the inherited ‘framework’ of portolan charts as a reference model, and to implement certain localized trial and error modifications.