Showing papers in "Contemporary Sociology in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the Lesbian Phallus and the Morphological Imaginary are discussed, as well as the Assumption of Sex, in the context of critical queering, passing and arguing with the real.
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgements Part 1: 1. Bodies that Matter 2. The Lesbian Phallus and the Morphological Imaginary 3. Phantasmatic Identification and the Assumption of Sex 4. Gender is Burning: Questions of Appropriation and Subversion Part 2: 5. 'Dangerous Crossing': Willa Cather's Masculine Names 6. Queering, Passing: Nella Larsen Rewrites Psychoanalysis 7. Arguing with the Real 8. Critically Queer. Notes. Index
10,391 citations
3,979 citations
TL;DR: Learning from Strangers as discussed by the authors is the definitive work on qualitative research interviewing, drawing on Weiss's thirty years' experience interviewing and teaching others, and provides examples and running commentary on how each interaction either inhibits or promotes trust and alliance. Used as a reference, handbook or text, this book is appropriate for novices and professionals.
Abstract: Drawing on Weiss's thirty years' experience interviewing and teaching others, Learning from Strangers is the definitive work on qualitative research interviewing. The author of many successful books, Dr. Weiss provides examples and running commentary on how each interaction either inhibits or promotes trust and alliance. Used as a reference, handbook, or text, this book is appropriate for novices and professionals.
3,661 citations
TL;DR: Brown argues that efforts to outlaw hate speech and pornography powerfully legitimize the state: such apparently well-intentioned attempts harm victims further by portraying them as so helpless as to be in continuing need of governmental protection as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Whether in characterizing Catherine MacKinnon's theory of gender as itself pornographic or in identifying liberalism as unable to make good on its promises, this text pursues a central question: how does a sense of woundedness become the basis for a sense of identity? Brown argues that efforts to outlaw hate speech and pornography powerfully legitimize the state: such apparently well-intentioned attempts harm victims further by portraying them as so helpless as to be in continuing need of governmental protection. "Whether one is dealing with the state, the Mafia, parents, pimps, police, or husbands," writes Brown, "the heavy price of institutionalized protection is always a measure of dependence and agreement to abide by the protector's rules." True democracy, she insists, requires sharing power, not regulation by it; freedom, not protection. Refusing any facile identification with one political position or another, Brown applies her argument to a panoply of topics, from the basis of litigiousness in political life to the appearance on the academic Left of themes of revenge and a thwarted will to power. These and other provocations in contemporary political thought and political li
2,187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the author presents an approach to the unpredictable nature of change in science, taking into account the number of factors - social, technological, conceptual and natural - that interact to affect the creation of scientific knowledge.
Abstract: This text offers an understanding of the nature of scientific, mathematical and engineering practice, and the production of scientific knowledge. The author presents an approach to the unpredictable nature of change in science, taking into account the number of factors - social, technological, conceptual and natural - that interact to affect the creation of scientific knowledge. In his view, machines, instruments, facts, theories, conceptual and mathematical structures, disciplined practices and human beings are in constantly shifting relationships with one another - "mangled" together in ways that are shaped by the contingencies of culture, time and place. Situating material as well as human agency in their larger cultural context, Pickering uses case studies to show how this picture of the open, changeable nature of science advances a greater understanding of scientific work both past and present. He examines the building of the bubble chamber in particle physics, the search for the quark, the construction of the quarternion system in mathematics and the introduction of computer-controlled machine tools in industry. He uses these examples to address the most basic elements of scientific practice - the development of experimental apparatus, the production of facts, the development of theory and the interrelation of machines and social organization.
2,121 citations
TL;DR: Soysal et al. as discussed by the authors compare the different ways European nations incorporate immigrants, how these policies evolved, and how they are influenced by international human rights discourse, and suggest a possible accommodation to these shifts: specifically, a model of post-national membership that derives its legitimacy from universal personhood, rather than national belonging.
Abstract: In many Western countries, rights that once belonged solely to citizens are being extended to immigrants, a trend that challenges the nature and basis of citizenship at a time when nation-states are fortifying their boundaries through restirictive border controls and expressions of nationalist ideologies. In this book, Yasemin Soysal compares the different ways European nations incorporate immigrants, how these policies evolved, and how they are influenced by international human rights discourse.
Soysal focuses on postwar international migration, paying particular attention to \"guestworkers.\" Taking an in-depth look at France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, she identifies three major patterns that reflect the varying emphasis particular states place on individual versus corporate groups as the basis for incorporation. She finds that the global expansion and intensification of human rights discourse puts nation-states under increasing outside pressure to extend membership rights to aliens, resulting in an increasingly blurred line between citizen and noncitizen. Finally, she suggests a possible accommodation to these shifts: specifically, a model of post-national membership that derives its legitimacy from universal personhood, rather than national belonging.
This fresh approach to the study of citizenship, rights, and immigration will be invaluable to anyone involved in issues of human rights, international migration, and transnational cultural interactions, as well as to those who study the contemporary transformation of the nation-state, nationalism, and globalization.
1,479 citations
TL;DR: The STS Reference Record was created on 2005-06-20, modified on 2016-08-08 as discussed by the authors, and was used for the STS deployment of the Space Station.
Abstract: Keywords: STS ; science and government Reference Record created on 2005-06-20, modified on 2016-08-08
1,259 citations
931 citations
888 citations
TL;DR: In this article, leading historians, anthropologists and ethnographers explore the relationship between collective memory and national identity in diverse cultures throughout history, placing commemorations in their historical settings, the contributors disclose the contested nature of these monuments by showing how groups and individuals struggle to shape the past to their own ends.
Abstract: In this volume, leading historians, anthropologists and ethnographers explore the relationship between collective memory and national identity in diverse cultures throughout history. Placing commemorations in their historical settings, the contributors disclose the contested nature of these monuments by showing how groups and individuals struggle to shape the past to their own ends. The volume is introduced by John Gillis's broad overview of the development of public memory in relation to the history of the nation-state. Other contributions address the usefulness of identity as a cross-cultural concept, the connection between identity, heritage, and history, national memory in early modern England, commemoration in Cleveland, the museum and the politics of social control in modern Iraq and many other issues.
TL;DR: Forcing the Spring as discussed by the authors explores the connections between pressures on human and natural environments and the role of these pressures in shaping society and provides fundamental new insights into the past and future of the American environmental movement by placing it within the larger context of American social history.
Abstract: "Forcing the Spring" challenges standard histories of the environmental movement by offering a broad and inclusive interpretation of past environmentalist thought and a sweeping redefinition of the nature of the contemporary environmental movement. Robert Gottlieb demonstrates the centrality of environmental concerns to a wide range of social movements of the past century as he explores the connections between pressures on human and natural environments and the role of these pressures in shaping society. His analysis provides fundamental new insights into the past and future of the American environmental movement by placing it within the larger context of American social history.After considering the historical roots of environmentalism from the 1890s through the 1960s, Gottlieb discusses the rise and consolidation of environmental groups in the years between Earth Day 1970 and Earth Day 1990. He examines the increasing professionalization of the major environmental organizations and the parallel rise of community-based groups over the past decade, and ends with an in-depth consideration of the role of ethnicity, gender, and class in the formation and definition of movements.
TL;DR: Casual Inference in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: The Analysis of Contingency Tables and Latent Class Models.
Abstract: Casual Inference in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Missing Data. Specification and Estimation of Mean Structures. The Analysis of Contingency Tables. Latent Class Models. Panel Analysis for Metric Data. Panel Analysis for Qualitative Variables. Analysis of Event Histories. Random Coefficient Models. Index.
TL;DR: The new type of athletic girl grass-roots growth and sexual sensation in the flapper era games of strife - the battle over women's competitive sport order on the court - the campaign to suppress women's basketball "Cinderellas" of sport - black women in track and field no freaks, no Amazons, no boyish bobs - the all-American girls baseball league beauty and the butch - the "mannish" athlete and the lesbian threat "play it, don't say it" - lesbian identity and community in women's sport women competing/gender
Abstract: The new type of athletic girl grass-roots growth and sexual sensation in the flapper era games of strife - the battle over women's competitive sport order on the court - the campaign to suppress women's basketball "Cinderellas" of sport - black women in track and field no freaks, no Amazons, no boyish bobs - the all-American girls baseball league beauty and the butch - the "mannish" athlete and the lesbian threat "play it, don't say it" - lesbian identity and community in women's sport women competing/gender contested you've come a long way, maybe - a "revolution" is women's sport?.
TL;DR: This article argued that the appropriateness of the market metaphor as a guide to education policy is debatable. But, as pointed out by the authors of this paper, it is difficult to see how a market metaphor can be used to guide education reform from government to market forces.
Abstract: Advocates of school vouchers and other choice proposals couch their arguments in the fashionable language of economic theory. Choice initiatives at all levels of government have succeeded, it is claimed, because they shift responsibility for education reform from government to market forces. This timely book disputes the appropriateness of the market metaphor as a guide to education policy.Advocates of school vouchers and other choice proposals couch their arguments in the fashionable language of economic theory. Choice initiatives at all levels of government have succeeded, it is claimed, because they shift responsibility for education reform from government to market forces. This timely book disputes the appropriateness of the market metaphor as a guide to education policy.
TL;DR: This is a fascinating collection of essays exploring "why some people are healthy and others not," from a variety of disciplines and theoretical perspectives that challenges the widespread belief that health care is the most important determinant of health and argues for a more comprehensive and coherent understanding of the determinants of health.
Abstract: This is a fascinating collection of essays exploring \"why some people are healthy and others not,\" from a variety of disciplines and theoretical perspectives. It represents the efforts of a group of researchers from diverse backgrounds who have met intermittently over the last five years as part of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Their common focus was to understand the determinants of a population's health. The book's point of departure is that \"factors in the social environment, external to the health care system, exert a major and potentially modifiable influence on the health of populations through biological channels that are just now beginning to be understood.\" (p. 23) Via this observation, the volume challenges the widespread belief that health care is the most important determinant of health and argues for a more comprehensive and coherent understanding of the determinants of health. This thesis is lucidly presented in the introductory chapter. Evans brings together findings from a number of studies that provoke fundamental questions about our understanding of health.
TL;DR: In this paper, Simon uses the practice of parole in California as a window to the changing historical understanding of what a corrections system does and how it works, and reveals how modern strategies of punishment relate to political and economic transformations in society at large.
Abstract: This book reveals how modern strategies of punishment - and, by all accounts, their failure - relate to political and economic transformations in society at large. Jonathan Simon uses the practice of parole in California as a window to the changing historical understanding of what a corrections system does and how it works. When parole first emerged as a corrections strategy in the 19th century, work was supposed to keep ex-prisoners out of trouble. What followed was a rehabilitative strategy, where the clinical expertise of the parole agent replaced the discipline of the industrial labour market in controlling criminal deviance. Today, Simon argues, as the economy has virtually locked out an entire class, rehabilitation has given way to mere management. The result is an escalating cycle of imprisonment, destabilization, and insecurity. No improvement in the current penal crisis can be expected until we better understand the relationship between punishment and social order, which this book explores in theoretical, historical, and practical detail.
TL;DR: The second half of the book, "Motherlove," focuses on a mother's relationship with her children, with themes including dicipline, influences, authority, and spiritual inheritance as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Motherspace," etc. In this section, DavisThompson urges mothers to meditate to be kind to themselves, and to "settle yourself into the womb of God's sweet motherlove." The second half of the book, "Motherlove," focuses on a mother's relationship with her children (of all ages), with themes including dicipline, influences, authority, and spiritual inheritance. She uses inclusive language throughout. Most meditations are proceeded by a quotation and followed by a brief r Gracing many of the pages are black and white African-inspired graphics. There is nothing radical or earth-shaking about this book. The author is articulating for contemporary mothers a long standing tradition and she admirably hlfills her purpose of inspiring readers. I found myself wishing for more details, anecdotes, and illustrations. The book does not attempt to be scholarly, analytical, or even narrative; it is pithy, terse, and wise. It is superior to other similar books because it is so unsentimental; it does not idealize selfsacrifice or submission to men (the way so many devotional books do), and it is not at all legalistic. This is valuable reading for any mother (including EuroAmericans) who want daily inspiration for the gritty work of raising children today, especially those who were not nurtured well themselves. It speaks to "other mothers" such as fathers, teachers, mentors, and grandparents.,Indirectly, it will interest scholars who seekinsight into African American spirituality. Motherlove is being marketed to African American mothers of all ages (including teen mothers, battered women, and low-income women); the publisher also promotes workshops by the author and a book-donation program for needy women.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of maps of the countries of the Baltic region, including the country of Estonia, and its history from 3500 BC - 1985 AD.
Abstract: Preface and Acknowledgements List of Maps Introduction Autobiographical Note Note on Names and Spellings 1 Land and Peoples 2 Surviving the Centuries: Baltic History 3 Independence Won and Lost 1914-40 4 The Troglodyte International: 'Me Soviet Impact in the Baltic 5 Imagined Nations: Cycles of Cultural Rebirth 6 Lost Atiantises: The Half-Forgotten Nationalities of the Baltic 7 The Baltic Russians 8 The independence Movements and their Successors, 1987-92 9 The Creation of the New States Conclusion Appendix 1: Chronology, 3500 BC - 1985 AD Appendix 2: Chronology, 19851992 Appendix 3: Baltic Demography 1860-1992 Appendix 4: Baltic Economic Statistics Before the Fall Notes Index.
TL;DR: Stallings and Biersteker as discussed by the authors discuss global change, regional response, and the new international context of development in the post-Cold War world, focusing on the United States, Europe, and Japan.
Abstract: List of tables List of figures Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: global change, regional response Barbara Stallings Part I. Global Changes: 2. The Third World and the end of the Cold War Fred Halliday 3. Capitalisms in conflict? The United States, Europe, and Japan in the post-Cold War world Barbara Stallings and Wolfgang Streeck 4. Global production systems and Third World development Gary Gereffi 5. New global financial trends: implications for development Stephany Griffith-Jones and Barbara Stallings 6. The 'triumph' of liberal economic ideas in the developing world Thomas J. Biersteker Part II. Regional Responses: 7. The East Asian NICs: a state-led path to the developed world Yun-han Chu 8. Southeast Asia: success through international openness Linda Y. C. Lim 9. Latin America: toward a new reliance on the market Augusto Varas 10. Sub-Saharan Africa: underdevelopment's last stand Michael Chege Part III. Conclusions: 11. The new international context of development Barbara Stallings.