Showing papers in "Copeia in 1961"
98Â citations
83Â citations
TL;DR: The results of this study show, not unexpectedly, that the combination of comparative studies of behavior and functional anatomy may furnish insights on questions of evolution that do not emerge from either alone.
Abstract: Aronson and Clark (1952) and Clark, Aronson and Gordon (1954) summarized the extensive behavioral work on these fishes, and they and Clark and Kamrin (1951) and Hubbs and Reynolds (1957) specifically studied the behavioral significance of fin and genitalic structure in Poeciliidae. Rosen and Gordon (1953) reviewed the mechanics of poeciliid genitalic and fin action in relation to copulatory motor patterns and provided an evolutionary interpretation of their findings. The present paper takes its origin from two separate reports, one behavioral and the other systematic3. It concerns the integration of structure and behavior in the evolution of the highly specialized, viviparous poeciliid fishes from a generalized, probably oviparous ancestor. The results of this study show, not unexpectedly, that the combination of comparative studies of behavior and functional anatomy may furnish insights on questions of evolution that do not emerge from either alone. The demonstrable effec-
81Â citations
74Â citations
TL;DR: The material on which the present paper is based falls into two categories; the first consists of a series of alizarian-stained specimens dissected especially in connection with the present work, and the second consists of specimens in the skeleton collection of the University of Hawaii.
Abstract: primarily one of progressive simplification from an original complex of rather numerous independent bones (e.g., in Elops, Hollister, 1936:261, fig. 14). This progressive simplification has occurred independently in a large number of lineages both within and below the perciform level of structural organization. The material on which the present paper is based falls into two categories. The first consists of a series of alizarian-stained (but not cleared) specimens dissected especially in connection with the present work. The specimens in this category are: Serranidae, Cephalopholis urodelus, 73 mm in standard length; Apogonidae, Apogon snyderi, 95 mm; Mullidae, Mulloidichthys samoensis, 87 mm; Carangidae, Caranx melampygus, 94 mm; Labridae, Cheilio inermis, 85 mm; Embiotocidae, Damalichthys vacca, 91 mm; Polynemidae, Polydactylus sexfilis, 104 mm; Sphyraenidae, Sphyraena barracuda, 110 mm; Atherinidae, Pranesus insularum, 75 mm; and Monacanthidae, Pervagor spilosoma, 84 mm. The second category, which includes all other fishes mentioned in the paper, is based on specimens in the skeleton collection of the University of Hawaii. At the present time it would often be impossible to determine the length of the specimens in this category; all that can be said is that skeletons were al-
57Â citations
56Â citations
43Â citations
TL;DR: A new locality for the zig-zag salamander in Mississippi is identified and a new study of Ozarkian amphibians and reptiles is published.
Abstract: tions of Ozarkian amphibians and reptiles. Southwestern Naturalist 1:174-189. FERGUSON, DENZEL E. AND JACK R. RHODES. 1958. A new locality for the zig-zag salamander in Mississippi. Herpetologica 14:129. MORSE, W. C. AND C. S. BROWN. 1936. Tishomingo State Park. Miss. State Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 32:1-77. i ia s and reptiles. STEPHENSON, L. W. AND W. H. MONROE. 1940. The upper Cretaceous deposits. Miss. State Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 40:1-296.
TL;DR: The need for redescription was apparent because of the confusion prevailing in the literature, and the discovery of many incorrectly identified specimens in various museums in California.
Abstract: THE original aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the species of Gillichthys found in the northern part of the Gulf of California and the one which occurs on the Pacific Coast of California. Shortly it became clear that it would be necessary to redescribe the forms involved because of the inadequate state of the existing treatments. The need for redescription was apparent because of the confusion prevailing in the literature, and the discovery of many incorrectly identified specimens in various museums in California.
TL;DR: Many species of Chamaeleo do indeed have structures whose functional significance is difficult to interpret in terms of the way these animals make their living, and these structures or ornaments are frequently conspicuous and add to the bizarre appearance of these lizards.
Abstract: tain characters in the genus Chamaeleo are without selective value. Among these he lists "ventral, dorsal, cranial crests, tarsal spurs, body squamation, etc." Many species of Chamaeleo do indeed have structures whose functional significance is difficult to interpret in terms of the way these animals make their living. These structures or ornaments are frequently conspicuous and add to the bizarre appearance of these lizards.
TL;DR: A history of fishes and studies on cholinesterase II, the influence of light and darkness on thyroid and pituitary activity of the characin Astyanax mexicanus and its cave derivatives.
Abstract: MARNAY, A. 1938a. Cholinesterase dans le muscle strie de la tortue. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 127:896-8. 1938b. Cholinesterase dans le muscle strie du crapaud. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 128: 290-1. AND D. NACHMANSOHN. 1938c. Choline esterase in voluntary muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 92:37-47. NACHMANSOHN, D. 1938. Transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. J. Physiol. (London) 93:2P-3P. , C. W. COATES AND R. T. Cox. 1941. Electric potential and activity of choline esterase in the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus (Linnaeus). J. Gen. Physiol. 25:75-88. ,M. A. ROTHENBERG AND C. W. COATES. 1946. Studies on cholinesterase II. Enzyme activity and voltage of the action potential in electric tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 163:39-48. NORMAN, J. R. 1951. A history of fishes. A. A. Wyn, Inc. 463 pp. RASQUIN, P. 1949. The influence of light and darkness on thyroid and pituitary activity of the characin Astyanax mexicanus and its cave derivatives. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 93 (7): 497-532. SAWYER, C. H. 1943. Cholinesterase and the behavior problem in amblystoma. J. Exptl. Zool. 92 (1):1-29. . 1944. Nature of the early somatic movements in Fundulus heteroclitus. J. Cell. & Comp. Physiol. 24:71-84. WEISS, C. M. 1959. Response of fish to sublethal exposures of organic phosphorus insecticides. Sewage and Industrial Wastes 31(5): 580-593
TL;DR: This study discloses close agreement in most characters between sagitta and spilotum, with differentiation in scale size and development of the lateral line.
Abstract: River system and to Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert from the upper Kentucky River system. The subgenus Litocara was erected for this small group, which was assigned to the genus Poecilichthys. Subsequently (Bailey and Gosline, 1955; Bailey, Winn, and Smith, 1954), Poecilichthys was incorporated with Etheostoma, and Litocara submerged into the subgenus Oligocephalus, in which E. sagitta and its relatives may best be ranked merely as a species group. The intimate relationship between sagitta and spilotum was noted by Bailey (1948) who suggested that spilotum was derived from sagitta by differentiation following its entrance into the Kentucky system by stream capture. Comparison was rendered difficult, however, by the lack of adequate material of spilotum; only two poorly preserved specimens were available for study. We are now able to report the analysis of newly collected material of all three forms of the sagitta group, and the investigation of the topography of the watershed between the upper Kentucky and upper Cumberland drainages. In brief, our study discloses close agreement in most characters between sagitta and spilotum, with differentiation in scale size and development of the lateral line. E. spilotum is treated as a subspecies of sagitta. The upper part of Collins Fork, now in the Kentucky River drainage, is interpreted as having been transferred by headwater piracy from its former connection with Little Richland Creek
TL;DR: It is suggested that A. r.
Abstract: regularly metamorphoses throughout its geographic range and has a life history adjusted to summer rains characteristic of western Mexico. The variation and ontogenetic changes in color pattern have particular reference to their use in the systematics of rosaceum and related forms. It is suggested that A. fluvinatum, A. rosaceum nigrum and A. r. sonoraensis be relegated to the synonymy of A. rosaceum since all of the characters utilized to distinguish these forms were based on larvae and fall within the range of population and age variation in large series of rosaceum larvae from Chihuahua and Durango.
TL;DR: The present review is based mainly on specimens in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California (MVZ) consisting of 25 metamorphosed adults and approximately 100 larvae, based on specimens collected by I. Knobloch at Mojarachic, Chihuahua.
Abstract: lected by I. Knobloch at Mojarachic, Chihuahua (see Riemer, 1954, for a discussion of this locality). In 1951 Shannon reported on additional larval specimens from Durango and Sonora, describing these as new subspecies, respectively A. r. nigrum and A. r. sonoraensis. The subspecies nigrum was known only from the holotype (USNM 123581) whereas sonoraensis was based on four larvae, two being "too small and too poorly preserved to be of much diagnostic value." Taylor (op. cit.) considered rosaceum as a neotenic species but Shannon (1951:489) later indicated that A. r. sonoraensis might transform. Aside from the general comments on the possible relationships of this species by Tihen (1958) there have been no further reports on rosaceum in the literature. The present review is based mainly on specimens in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California (MVZ) consisting of 25 metamorphosed adults and approximately 100 larvae. In addition I have examined specimens from the United States National Museum (USNM), the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) and the University of Kansas Natural History Museum (KU). Acknowledgments.-I wish to thank William J. Riemer for drawing my attention to the metamorphosed adult rosaceum and for encouraging this study. My thanks are also due to the following persons for making specimens and information available to me: Doris Cochran, Charles M. Bogert, John Legler, Robert Webb, John Davis and Richard G. Zweifel. Gene M. Christman prepared the illustrations. Robert C. Stebbins kindly read the manuscript and offered constructive criticism.
TL;DR: This project was financially supported by the Consejo Nactional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina.
Abstract: preparation of the manuscript. We are also indebted to Dr. W. Bockermann, Sao Paulo, Brasil, Mr. Eric-Phillips, Alto Paraguay, Dr. F. Salces of the Universidad de Cordoba, Argentina, and Dr. O. Lombardero of the Universidad del Nordestet, Corrientes, Argentina, for their assistance. This project was financially supported by the Consejo Nactional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina.
TL;DR: A check list of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia and a review of the rockfishes of California (Family Scorpaenidae).
Abstract: ALVERSON, D. L. AND A. D. WELANDER. 1952. Notes on the scorpaenoid fishes of Washington and adjacent areas, with a key for their identification. Copeia 1952(3):138-43. BARNHART, P. S. 1936. Marine fishes of southern California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, Calif., 209 p. CLEMENS, W. A. AND G. V. WILBY. 1946. Fishes of the Pacific coast of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Bull. 68:1-368. CRAMER, F. 1895. On the cranial characteristics of the genus Sebastodes. U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 5(2nd Ser.):573-610. EVERMANN, B. W. AND E. L. GOLDSBOROUGH. 1907. The fishes of Alaska. U. S. Bur. Fish. Bull. 26: 219-360. HUBBS, C. L. AND L. P. SCHULTZ. 1933. Descriptions of two new American species referable to the rockfish genus Sebastodes, with notes on related species. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 2(2):15-44. JORDAN, D. S. AND B. W. EVERMANN. 1898. Fishes of North and Middle America, part 2. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 47:1241-2183. AND C. H. GILBERT. 1882. The fishes of North America. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 16:1018. es, 25% with one spine (right or left), 2 zero spines. This variation was not cted by sex or by length of fish. AND E. C. STARKS. 1895. The fishes of Puget Sound. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5(Ser. 2):785-855. ,EVERMANN, B. W. AND H. W. CLARK. 1930. Check list of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish. 1928, Doc. 1055, (2):1-670. KINCAID, T. 1919. An annotated list of Puget Sound fishes. Wash. Dept. Fish. 51 p. PHILLIPS, J. B. 1957. A review of the rockfishes of California (Family Scorpaenidae). Calif. Dept. Fish and Game, Fish. Bull. 104:1-158. SCHULTZ, L. P. 1936. Keys to the fishes of Washington, Oregon, and closely adjoining regions. Univ. Wash. Pub. Biol. 2(4):103-228. SNEDECOR, G. W. 1957. Statistical Methods. The Iowa State Col. Press, Ames, Iowa: 534 p. SUNDE, L. A. AND C. C. LINDSEY. 1958. Revised key to the rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of British Columbia. Inst. of Fish. Univ. Brit. Columbia, Mus. Contrib. No. 1:6 p. WILIMOVSKY, N. J. 1958. Provisional keys to the fishes of Alaska. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Fish. Research Lab. Juneau, Alaska, May:113 p.