Crime Prevention and Community Safety 

About: Crime Prevention and Community Safety is an academic journal published by Palgrave Macmillan. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Crime prevention & Fear of crime. It has an ISSN identifier of 1460-3780. Over the lifetime, 573 publications have been published receiving 5963 citations.

Guardianship in action: Developing a new tool for measurement

Abstract: This study presents a new and reliable observational tool for measuring both the potential for guardianship, as well as guardianship in action at residential properties. Tests of our new measurement instrument reveal that guardianship intensity at the property level can be reliably and validly measured through direct observation, and is enhanced by the physical and social environment. The paper reinforces the thesis that residential guardianship intensity is the product of a two-fold action process that involves both the physical potential to carry out supervision of people and places, as well as the acts of monitoring and intervention when necessary. The results of our study confirm that crime levels drop significantly as residential guardianship intensifies.

The capable guardian in routine activities theory: A theoretical and conceptual reappraisal

Abstract: Guardianship or the absence of capable guardianship is a central element in routine activities theory, and has been the subject of research for more than 30 years. The original conceptualization of guardianship has been interpreted and expanded upon in many ways during this period of time. This article charts the evolution of research on the guardianship component of routine activities theory and provides a theoretical and conceptual reappraisal of guardianship. Aiding future empirical research is a central aim of this endeavor. A refined definition of guardianship is presented that is consistent with its original conceptualization and new theoretical advancements. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

Do relaxed trading hours for bars and clubs mean more relaxed drinking? A review of international research on the impacts of changes to permitted hours of drinking

Abstract: Trading hours of licensed premises have been progressively relaxed since World War II across much of the English-speaking world as part of a global trend towards liquor deregulation. This review was informed by a systematic search of studies published in the English language since 1965 which sought to evaluate the public health and safety impacts of changes to liquor trading hours for on premise consumption – namely ‘pubs’ and clubs in the United Kingdom, ‘hotels’ and ‘taverns’ in Australia and New Zealand and ‘bars’ in North America. The systematic search was supplemented by materials identified from the ‘grey literature’, mostly government reports. A total of 49 unique studies met the inclusion criteria of which only 14 included baseline and control measures and were peer-reviewed. Among these, 11 reported at least one significant outcome indicating adverse effects of increased hours or benefits from reduced hours. Controlled studies with fewer methodological problems were also most likely to report such effects. It is suggested that differences between findings from Australia and the United Kingdom following the Licensing Act 2003 are most likely due to differences in methodological approach. It is concluded that the balance of reliable evidence from the available international literature suggests that extended late-night trading hours lead to increased consumption and related harms. Further well-controlled studies are required to confirm this conclusion.

Restorative Justice for Juveniles: Conferencing, Mediation and Circles

Abstract: Part 1 Setting the scene: introducing restorative justice, Daniel Van Ness, Allison Morris, Gabrielle Maxwell on restoration and punishment - favourable similarities and fortunate differences, Lode Walgrave. Part 2 Describing restorative practices: primary restorative justice practices, Paul McCold conferencing in Australia and New Zealand - variations, research findings and prospects, Kathleen Daly restorative justice and family group conferences in England - current state and future prospects, Jim Dignan and Peter Marsh conferencing in South Africa - returning to our future, Ann Skelton and Cheryl Frank victim impact of meeting with young offenders - two decades of victim offender mediation practice and research, Mark S. Umbreit, Robert B. Coates and Betty Vos mediation in Europe - paradoxes, problems and promises, Elmar G. M. Weitekamp circle sentencing - part of the restorative justice continuum, Heino Lilles. Part 3 Critical issues in restorative justice: justice for victims of young offenders - the centrality of emotional harm and restoration, Heather Strang just cops doing "shameful" business? police-led restorative justice and the lessons of research, Richard Young aboriginal youth and restorative justice - critical notes from the Australian frontier, Harry Blagg family group conferences and reoffending, Gabrielle Maxwell and Allison Morris. Part 4 What next for restorative justice?: implementing restorative justice - what works?, Allison Morris and Gabrielle Maxwell.