Showing papers in "Current Problems in Cancer in 2015"

TL;DR: The epidemiology of penile cancer in different population groups globally is reviewed and also predisposing risk factors are examined.

TL;DR: Various aspects of cSCC are reviewed, including its precursor and related entities: actinic keratosis (AK) and keratoacanthoma (KA), which include up to date epidemiologic data, clinical and histopathologic presentations, as well as the molecular alterations present in these entities.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the biological aspects of aggressive prostate cancer, biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and future directions for the treatment of CRPC.

TL;DR: It is important to emphasize that BCC represents more of a locally aggressive tumor that rarely metastasizes, compared with cSCC, particularly some subtypes, which may have a higher risk of metastatic spread and even death.

TL;DR: Differences between cell lineages are owing to inherent radiosensitivity differences, variations in cell population reserves and mobilization, time required for hematopoietic cell replacement, and the life span of the differentiated peripheral cell (with red blood cells have the longest life cycle).

TL;DR: Differences in epidemiology, clinicopathologic presentation, treatment approach, and survival outcomes between the east and the west are described.

TL;DR: There is interest in transitioning from the low-dose rate brachytherapy experience to the convenience, safety, and economy of HDR brachyTherapy, with 5-year penile preservation rates reported at 60 % and 85 % respectively.

TL;DR: The incidence of cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas is increasing because of enhanced exposure to ultraviolet light or sunlight, a depleting ozone, changing clothing styles, and increasing longevity.

TL;DR: There is a clear clinical need to accurately predict the presence of lymph node micro-metastasis and to determine prognosis so as to select only those patients who would benefit from radical inguinal lymphadenectomy.

TL;DR: Symptomatic improvement in most patients justified application of palliative whole-brain radiation in patients judged to have more than a few weeks of life expectancy, according to the first critical assessment of whole- brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in 1954.

TL;DR: Although radiotherapy is rarely used as a definitive treatment for DFSP or LMS, it certainly has a role as adjuvant therapy in selected cases and Chemotherapy may also have some activity in patients with metastatic or unresectable DFSP, but high-level evidence is lacking.

TL;DR: Routine and advanced imaging techniques used to diagnose and monitor treatment of both new and recurrent intracranial metastases, and the effects of treatment will be discussed.

TL;DR: Surgical resection of the primary penile tumor should result in complete removal of the cancerous lesion with as much organ preservation as possible to preserve functional and cosmetic outcomes and avoid psychological distress.

TL;DR: Overall, data supporting adjuvant or systemic therapy in NMSCs are limited, but there are enough reports in the literature to suggest some benefit with systemic agents.

TL;DR: The data indicated that differences in SES did not explain why African American men die of prostate cancer at a higher rate when compared with white men, and SES-associated differences appeared to explain almost all of the racial differences in risk of death due to other causes.

TL;DR: The status and future direction of molecular imaging for advanced prostate cancer is reviewed, with Published data indicate that routine whole-body bone scan underestimates disease and has low sensitivity and specificity.

TL;DR: The role of surgery in high-risk and metastatic prostate cancer, surgical approaches, and perioperative considerations in this subset of patients are focused on.

TL;DR: This review focuses on respiratory diseases, namely pneumonia and empyema, as well as infectious esophagitis, which are rare in the general population and so may go unrecognized when presenting in an immunocompromised individual.

TL;DR: Data on the treatment of basal cell carcinomas are similar with an investigation showing that tumors treated with MMS had the lowest recurrence rates, followed, in order, by those treated with SE, cryosurgery, and C&E.

TL;DR: As with most epithelial malignancies, the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) in the most advanced stage of disease has historically included chemotherapy, but no single drug combination has yet been designated as the standard, or even as having statistically significant superiority over single-agent cisplatin.

TL;DR: The patient with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and perianal disease receiving chemotherapy for malignancy presents the clinician with unique circumstances that often affect management strategy.

TL;DR: In 1942, Huggins and Hodges published data establishing the role of androgens in prostate cancer by showing that inhibition of androgen lead to regression of advanced prostate cancer.

TL;DR: Surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without adjuvant WBRT remain the primary neurosurgical management strategies for BMs.

TL;DR: This article provides details on the addition of hormone therapy to radiotherapy (XRT) and vice versa, the duration and timing of hormone Therapy, and ongoing investigations in this active study area.

TL;DR: This article provides an excellent overview of the extent of surgical resection recommended, completed and ongoing clinical trials, the data supporting adjuvant, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation regimens, and the treatment of advanced disease.

TL;DR: The modern technique of prostate brachytherapy includes small radioactive sources, image-based targeting of the prostate, a perineal template, and advanced treatment planning software.

TL;DR: Although patients cannot prevent CIN from occurring, there are a number of actions nurses and patients can take in order to help mitigate developing an infection while neutropenic.