Journal•ISSN: 1421-5721
Current problems in dermatology
Karger Publishers
About: Current problems in dermatology is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Atopic dermatitis & Skin cancer. It has an ISSN identifier of 1421-5721. Over the lifetime, 972 publications have been published receiving 14850 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: Silver exhibits low toxicity in the human body, and minimal risk is expected due to clinical exposure by inhalation, ingestion, dermal application or through the urological or haematogenous route.
Abstract: Silver has a long and intriguing history as an antibiotic in human health care. It has been
developed for use in water purification, wound care, bone prostheses, reconstructive orthopaedic
surgery,
674 citations
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455 citations
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TL;DR: The presented data suggest that, under conditions of environmentally challenged skin or during prooxidative dermatological treatment, topical and/or systemic application of antioxidants could support physiological mechanisms to maintain or restore a healthy skin barrier.
Abstract: Many studies have demonstrated beneficial health effects of topical antioxidant application; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To better understand the protective mechanism of oxogenous anti-oxidants, it is important to clarify the physiological distribution, activity and regulation of antioxidants. Also, the generation of ROS by the resident and transient microbial flora and their interaction with cutaneous antioxidants appears to be of relevance for the redox properties of skin. Our studies have demonstrated that alpha-tocopherol is, relative to the respective levels in the epidermis, the major antioxidant in the human SC, that alpha-tocopherol depletion is a very early and sensitive biomarker of environmentally induced oxidation and that a physiological mechanism exists to transport alpha-tocopherol to the skin surface via sebaceous gland secretion. Furthermore, there is conclusive evidence that the introduction of carbonyl groups into human SC keratins is inducible by oxidants and that the levels of protein oxidation increase towards outer SC layers. The demonstration of specific redox gradients within the human SC may contribute to a better understanding of the complex biochemical processes of keratinization and desquamation. Taken together, the presented data suggest that, under conditions of environmentally challenged skin or during prooxidative dermatological treatment, topical and/or systemic application of antioxidants could support physiological mechanisms to maintain or restore a healthy skin barrier. Growing experimental evidence should lead to the development of more powerful pharmaceutical and cosmetic strategies involving antioxidant formulations to prevent UV-induced carcinogenesis and photoaging as well as to modulate desquamatory skin disorders.
265 citations
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TL;DR: Some major changes in epidermal lipid biosynthesis in patients with AD and other related skin diseases are discussed, and how inflammation has a deteriorating effect on the SC lipids and SC biosynthesis.
Abstract: Human skin acts as a primary barrier between the body and its environment. Crucial for this skin barrier function is the lipid matrix in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). Two of its functions are (1) to prevent excessive water loss through the epidermis and (2) to avoid that compounds from the environment permeate into the viable epidermal and dermal layers and thereby provoke an immune response. The composition of the SC lipid matrix is dominated by three lipid classes: cholesterol, free fatty acids and ceramides. These lipids adopt a highly ordered, 3-dimensional structure of stacked densely packed lipid layers (lipid lamellae): the lateral and lamellar lipid organization. The way in which these lipids are ordered depends on the composition of the lipids. One very common skin disease in which the SC lipid barrier is affected is atopic dermatitis (AD). This review addresses the SC lipid composition and organization in healthy skin, and elaborates on how these parameters are changed in lesional and nonlesional skin of AD patients. Concerning the lipid composition, the changes in the three main lipid classes and the importance of the carbon chain lengths of the lipids are discussed. In addition, this review addresses how these changes in lipid composition induce changes in lipid organization and subsequently correlate with an impaired skin barrier function in both lesional and nonlesional skin of these patients. Furthermore, the effect of filaggrin and mutations in the filaggrin gene on the SC lipid composition is critically discussed. Also, the breakdown products of filaggrin, the natural moisturizing factor molecules and its relation to SC-pH is described. Finally, the paper discusses some major changes in epidermal lipid biosynthesis in patients with AD and other related skin diseases, and how inflammation has a deteriorating effect on the SC lipids and SC biosynthesis. The review ends with perspectives on future studies in relation to other skin diseases.
243 citations
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TL;DR: This chapter summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about facts and factors important in the epidemiology of LB all over the world and recommends a more thorough epidemiological surveillance for LB, including morbidity notification in some additional countries where it has not yet been fully implemented.
Abstract: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most frequent ixodid tick-borne human disease in the world, with an estimated 85,500 patients annually (underlying data presented in this review: Europe 65,500, North Amer
218 citations