Showing papers in "Development and Change in 1982"

Child Labour and Population Growth in Rural Asia

Abstract: Describes the debate between neo Malthusian authors of population policy and their critics regarding the relationship between production and reproduction--that is whether the poor of underdeveloped countries reap economic advantages from high fertility or whether high fertility is simply a "natural tendency". This author attempts to develop a firm theoretical base for the anti Malthusian position that production determines reproduction. Some orthodox Malthusian assumptions are summarized and their fallacies explained. Drawing on works by Marx Coontz Mamdani Thadani and others some elements of an analytical framework are developed for examining the means by which production conditions evoke reproductive responses. Finally a comparison is made of 5 quantitative small-scale studies from Asian countries (Bangladesh Nepal The Philippines Sri Lanka) which estimate labor inputs of adults and children in peasant and landless households. The studies support the hypothesis that higher fertility is associated with lower labor incomes higher inputs of child labor and situations in which the benefits to parents of reproduction exceed the costs. These results suggest further study of the conditions and relations within which work takes place and is rewarded rather than the narrower "household economics" framework used in the past to explain fertility rates.

External Dependence, Capital Accumulation, and the Role of the State: South Korea 1960-77

Abstract: Vos, Rob.January, 1982.External dependence, capital accumulation, and the role of the state,Article,[Hague, Netherlands]Institute of Social Studies