Fudma Journal of Sciences 

About: Fudma Journal of Sciences is an academic journal published by Federal University Dutsin-Ma. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biology & Chemistry. It has an ISSN identifier of 2616-1370. Over the lifetime, 360 publications have been published receiving 67 citations.

Application of renewal reward processes in homogeneous discrete markov chain

Abstract: A renewal process which is a special type of a counting process, which counts the number of events that occur up to (and including) time has been investigated, in order to provide some insight into the performance measures in renewal process and sequence such as, the mean time between successive renewals, ; Laplace-Stiltjes transform (LST) of the mean time, ; the Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of the mean time distribution function, ; Laplace-Stiltjes transform (LST) of fold convolution of distribution function, ; the time at which the renewal occurs, the average number of renewals per unit time over the interval (0, t], and expected reward, . Our quest is to analyse the distribution function of the renewal process and sequence using the concept of discrete time Markov chain to obtain the aforementioned performance measures. Some properties of the Erlang , exponential and geometric distributions are used with the help of some existing laws, theorems and formulas of Markov chain. We concluded our study through illustrative examples that, it is not possible for an infinite number of renewals to occur in a finite period of time; Also, the expected number of renewals increases linearly with time; and from the uniqueness property, we affirmed that, the Poisson process is the only renewal process with a linear mean-value function; and lastly, we obtained the optimal replacement policy for a manufacturing machine which showed that, the exponential property of the lifetime

Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant properties of leaf extract of chrysophyllum albidum against selected enteric bacterial pathogens

Abstract: This study investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of Chrysophyllum albidum leaf extract against selected enteric bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris). Fresh leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum were shade air-dried and ground into fine powder. Thereafter, the leaves powder was cold extracted using methanol and sterile distilled water in ratio 3:2(v/v). The mixture obtained was concentrated in vacuo using a rotary evaporator and lyophilized. The crude extract was screened for antibacterial, phytochemicals and antioxidant properties. The antibacterial properties were determined using agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods while the antioxidant and phytochemical assay were analyzed using standard methods. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, reducing sugar and cardiac glycosides. The zones of inhibition shown by the extract at 10 mg/mL against the bacterial isolates ranged between 10 mm and 22 mm. The highest zone of inhibition (22 mm) was expressed against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The MICs ranged between 1.25 mg/mL and 5mg/mL while MBCs ranged between 2.5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL. The antioxidant assay of leaf extract showed appreciable antioxidant potential when compared with ascorbic acid used as standard. The leaf extract exhibited percentage of 92.03% at a concentration of 500 µg/mL while ascorbic acid exhibited percentage of 96.54% at the same concentration. This study, therefore showed that leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum exhibited significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities against the test isolates.

Chemical composition and functional properties of citrullus vulgaris fermented with mutant and non-mutant strains of bacillus subtilis to produce ogiri

Abstract: Natural food seasoning agents are gradually gaining prominence over artificial seasoning agents due to purported side effects, hence, the search for natural food seasoning with functional and improved nutritional quality becomes imperative. This research is aimed at investigating the amino acids composition, fatty acid contents, antioxidant and functional properties of Citrullus vulgaris fermented with mutant and non-mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis to produce ogiri. Bacillus subtilis strains were isolated from spontaneously fermented melon seeds (C. vulgaris) and the B. subtilis isolates were exposed to two different mutagenic agents [Ultraviolet (UV) irradiations and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS)] at varying intervals of time to obtain mutant strains. Eight (8) mutated strains of B. subtilis that produced high D-ribose metabolites were used for controlled starter-fermentation of C. vulgaris to produce ogiri. The non-mutant (NMS00) and the market ogiri (RTE00) were included as control samples. The properties mentioned above were determined on the ogiri samples. The most abundant and limiting essential amino acids varied among the ogiri samples. Mutated fermented ogiri samples have improved antioxidant properties. Ogiri sample produced with B. subtilis mutant strain exposed to SDS at 110 sec (MSD51) have the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (15.67±0.00 mg/100 g) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (50.29±0.00 mg/100 g). Free fatty acids and peroxide values are higher in control samples. Modified ogiri produced from the mutant strains of B. subtilis have good functional, amino acids, antioxidant properties and fatty acids. Therefore, may serve as functional condiments with improved nutritional quality.

Studies on surface radio refractivity over some selected cities in north-central, nigeria

Abstract: This research investigated the variations of surface radio refractivity and its propagation effects on radio signal over the cities of Abuja and Ilorin, Nigeria. Six years (2015-2020) satellite data of Temperature, Pressure and Humidity both at the surface (12m) and at 100 m AGL, were used for the study. The data retrieved were used to determine the monthly, seasonal and annual surface radio refractivity values for the locations. Results show that the values of surface radio refractivity (Ns) in Abuja was slightly lower than Ilorin with average values of 335.62 and 351.07 N-Units obtained for the six years respectively. Average values of Ns, obtained during the dry season months in Abuja and Ilorin were 299.40 and 321.03(N-units) respectively while average values of 360.24 and 368.21 (N-units) were obtained during the wet season months in Abuja and Ilorin respectively. Higher values of Ns, were recorded generally during wet compared to the dry seasons’ months in all the years and study locations. The implication of this is higher attenuation of radio signal due to Ns during wet compared to the dry seasons’ months and as well as in Ilorin compared to Abuja. Correlation coefficients of -0.53, 0.98 and 0.53 were determined between (Ns) and; temperature, humidity and pressure respectively in Abuja while -0.30, 0.97 and 0.34 were determined between Ns and; temperature, humidity and pressure respectively in Ilorin. The overall findings of this work will be useful to radio engineers for the proper planning of reliable power budget over the study areas.

River water quality assessment and its suitability for irrigation purpose

Abstract: Irrigation water quality refers to water suitability for agricultural purpose. Good water quality has the possibilities to allow maximum yield of crops under good soil and water administration practices. Ikose River water which they are using for irrigation purposes by the rural communities was evaluated for its quality. Water samples were collected in dry as well as rainy season into sterilized, labelled bottles and were transported in ice pack to laboratory for analyses. Results were pH range of 6.36-6.43, calcium (Ca2+) 23-25 mg/L, magnesium (Mg2+) 8-12 mg/L, potassium (K+) 2.40–2.50 mg/L, sodium (Na+)1.74-1.90 mg/L, bicarbonate (HC03-) 200-230 mg/L-, phosphate (PO3-P) 0.10-0.12 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) is within 0.06 mg/L, Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.04–0.42 mg/L, sulphate (SO42-) 24-25 mg/L, total dissolved (TDS) 28.70-30.20 mg/L for the dry season and the pH ranged from 7.01-7.03, (Ca2+) 45-48 mg/L, (Mg2+) 24-18 mg/L, (K+) 4.20–4.30 mg/L, (Na+) 2.12-2.14 mg/L, (HCO-3) 350-360 mg/L, (PO3-P) 0.19-0.20 mg/L, (EC) is within 0.11 mg/L, (NO3-N) 0.10-0.11 mg/L, (SO42-) 38.00-39.00 mg/L, (TDS) 54.50-54.60 mg/L for the rainy season. The samples analyzed were within the recommended standard limits set for irrigation water quality. The water quality indicators MAR, 29.4; SAR,0.08; SSP,3.78; KR,0.04; PS, 0.46; PI, 92.95; RSC,1.46; TH, 101.5 for dry season and MAR, 36.11; SAR, 0.06; SSP, 2.03; KR, 0.02; PS,0.28; PI, 54.94; RSC, 1.36; TH, 224.5 for rainy season were under safe limits.