Showing papers in "Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation in 1973"
TL;DR: The cold promoted activation of factor VII was induced by treatment with oestrogenic hormones, which increased the frequency of cold activation positive plasmas from under 20 to about 65 %<
Abstract: The cold promoted activation of factor VII was induced by treatment with oestrogenic hormones, which increased the frequency of cold activation positive plasmas from under 20 to about 65 %<
49 citations
TL;DR: The effect of local application of different cytotoxic agents to the endometrium, the extent of the chemical injury and the ability of the epithelium to regenerate were studied.
Abstract: The effect of local application of different cytotoxic agents to the endometrium, the extent of the chemical injury and the ability of the epithelium to regenerate were studied. The following chemical
43 citations
TL;DR: The inhibition of the pregnenolone Δ 5–3Β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Δ5-4 isomerase systems in microsomes of human placenta or corpus luteum of pregnancy is inhibited.
Abstract: The inhibition of the pregnenolone Δ5–3Β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Δ5-4 isomerase systems in microsomes of human placenta or corpus luteum of pregnancy has been investigated using three steroidal substances: 2Α-cyano- 4,4,17Β-trimethylandrost-5-en-17Α-ol-3-one (cyanoketone), 2- hydroxymethylene, 17Α-methyl-5Α-androstan-17Β-ol-3-one (oxymetholone), and estradiol 17Β. The inhibition is of the competitive type with the synthetic steroids. The apparent Ki’s are approximately 0.3xl0-5 M and 0.2xI0-5 m for cyanoketone in the placental and ovarian systems, respectively, and the apparent Ki produced by oxymetholone is 0.6x10-6 m in the ovarian system, however, that for the placental system is much smaller, 5.5xl0-8 M. Approximately 50% inhibition was obtained in both systems with 2–5xl0-5 M estradiol-17Β. Oxymetholone may be useful for the inhibition of corpora luteal function in women.
42 citations
TL;DR: A description, with illustrations, of the technique used by the authors from 1938 to 1954 in searching for early human pregnancies prior to the first missed menstrual period is described.
Abstract: This paper is a description, with illustrations, of the technique used by the authors from 1938 to 1954 in searching for early human pregnancies prior to the first missed menstrual period. The myometr
40 citations
TL;DR: The ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in the full-term human placenta and found that it is not only found along the plasma membrane lining the micr.
Abstract: The ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in the full-term human placenta. Alkaline phosphatase activity is not only found along the plasma membrane lining the micr
39 citations
TL;DR: Human chorionic gonadotropin can inhibit the blast cell transformation of human lymphocytes, both Phytohemagglutinin-induced and in mixed-lymphocyte reactions.
Abstract: Human chorionic gonadotropin can inhibit the blast cell transformation of human lymphocytes, both Phytohemagglutinin-induced and in mixed-lymphocyte reactions. This immunosuppression is noncytotoxic,
26 citations
TL;DR: Preparations of fragmented sarco plasmic reticulum from bovine uterus were found to be considerably more abundant when originating from pregnant than from non-pregnant cows ATP-dependent calcium.
Abstract: Preparations of fragmented sarco plasmic reticulum (SR) from bovine uterus were found to be considerably more abundant when originating from pregnant than from non-pregnant cows ATP-dependent calcium
17 citations
TL;DR: The temperature dependence of tritiated water, p-amino hippurate, salicylate and antipyrine diffusion across human placental tissue in vitro was measured and it was suggested that these solutes cross this tissue principally through large water-filled extracellular channels.
Abstract: The temperature dependence of tritiated water (THO), p-amino hippurate, salicylate and antipyrine diffusion across human placental tissue in vitro was measured. From this data the following activation energies for diffusion of THO were obtained: 4.2 kcal/mol for chorioamnion; 3.6 kcal/mol for chorion leave; 4.7 kcal/mol for amnion. Values of 4.6 kcal/mol for salicylate and 4.3 kcal/mol for p-amino hippurate diffusion across chorion leave were measured. These relatively low activation energies suggest that these solutes cross this tissue principally through large water-filled extracellular channels. An activation energy for antipyrine diffusion of 14.6 kcal/mol between 25 and 38 °C indicates that the increased permeability of chorion leave to this molecule results from a combination of transcellular and extracellular diffusion.
13 citations
TL;DR: The xenon washout technic has been assessed as a method for measuring placental blood flow in humans and in the first group of 20 patients, the 133Xe injection was made blindly into the placen.
Abstract: The xenon washout technic has been assessed as a method for measuring placental blood flow in humans. In the first group of 20 patients, the 133Xe injection was made blindly into the placenta; in the second group of 20 patients, a new technic was employed to ensure injection into the vascular (intervillous) space. The results have been calculated as clearance half-times, in seconds. Both groups gave widely differing results. After comparing the clearance half-times for 133Xe with those for 99mTc-albumin, it was concluded that with intervillous 133Xe injections, a true xenon washout effect does not occur. Thus, calculations for blood flow in ml/g tissue/unit time are not considered valid. Further, the method cannot be recommended as a test for the action of drugs on placental blood flow. Firstly, under the influence of spontaneous placental pressure variations, single measurements are of limited value. Secondly, as blood examinations have shown the needle puncture itself may damage fetal vessels, permitting possibly dangerous fetomaternal transfusion.
11 citations
TL;DR: The determination of amniotics fluid total lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, creatinine concentration, fetal fat cells and presence of bilirubin was used to study 201 amniotic flu.
Abstract: The determination of amniotic fluid total lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, creatinine concentration, fetal fat cells and presence of bilirubin (Δ OD450) was used to study 201 amniotic flu
9 citations
TL;DR: The average blood flow to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterine horns and vagina of estrus rabbits was 1.40 ± 0.14, and recovery occurred within 1 and 6 days for the ovary and oviduct, respectively.
Abstract: The average blood flow to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterine horns and vagina of estrus rabbits was 1.40 ± 0.14, 1.44 ± 0.13, 0.75 ± 0.06, 0.30 ± 0.04 ml/min/g of tissue, respectively. There was no differences between the right and left organs. Ligation of the ovarian artery resulted in 80–90% decrease in blood flow to the ovary and oviduct, but recovery occurred within 1 and 6 days for the ovary and oviduct, respectively. There was no effect on the uterus and vagina. Ovulatory response to HCG occurred within 1 day and pregnancy after 6 days following ligation.
TL;DR: An important control mechanism in the regulation of fetal cardiac output and tissue blood flow may be the rate of CO2 production by affecting blood osmotic pressure through changes in bicarbonate ion concentration.
Abstract: An important control mechanism in the regulation of fetal cardiac output and tissue blood flow may be the rate of CO2 production. By affecting blood osmotic pressure through changes in bicarbonate ion concentration, fetal CO2 may affect the rate of maternal to fetal water exchange, and, in turn, fetal blood volume, cardiac output and tissue blood flow.
TL;DR: The microscope became an instrument of scientific investigation during the 17th century, its application leading to the discovery of the spermatozoa and profound changes in embryological thought.
Abstract: The microscope became an instrument of scientific investigation during the 17th century, its application leading to the discovery of the spermatozoa and profound changes in embryological thought. The
TL;DR: The postpubertal sex differences in rats, for the hepatic mixed function oxidation of many steroids and drugs, are gonad-dependent in males and Hepatic microsomes of males castrated as neonates had DHA 1.
Abstract: The postpubertal sex differences in rats, for the hepatic mixed function oxidation of many steroids and drugs, are gonad-dependent in males. Hepatic microsomes of males castrated as neonates had DHA 1
TL;DR: Intrasplenic ovary autografts in bilaterally ovariectomized rats showed luteinization and progressive hyperplasia and electron microscopically, 30–105 days after transplantation, the luteIn cells were counted.
Abstract: Intrasplenic ovary autografts in bilaterally ovariectomized rats showed luteinization and progressive hyperplasia. Electron microscopically, 30–105 days after transplantation, the lutein cells were ch
TL;DR: In this paper, the morphology of human trophoblast culture has been studied in relation to certain conditions such as duration of the pregnancy, age of the culture, and strength of the trypsinization.
Abstract: Morphology of human trophoblast culture has been studied in relation to certain conditions such as duration of the pregnancy, age of the culture, and strength of the trypsinization. ‘Multinucleated giant cells’ appear to be actually fortuitous transversal sections of chorionic buds. Their presence and aspects depend on the degree of trypsinization. Origin of epithelioid polygonal cells and of fibroblast cells is discussed.
TL;DR: The metabolic clearance rate, plasma concentration, and production rate, and conversion to progesterone of 20Α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one have been determined in women during the menstrual cycle and it was concluded that plasma concentrations of 20 Α-OHP are not a valid indicator of corpus luteum regression in the human.
Abstract: The metabolic clearance rate (MCRrB), plasma concentration, and production rate (PI) and conversion to progesterone of 20Α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20Α-OHP) have been determined in women during the menstrual cycle. The MCRrB was 3,110 ± 217 (SE) 1/day and was independent of the day of the cycle. The PI was 0.92–2.53 mg/day for days 6–18 of the cycle and 0.78–15.6 mg/day for days 20–24. The percent conversion of 20Α-OHP to progesterone was 4.88 ± 1.10 (SE)% and the calculated transfer constant of 20Α-OHP to progesterone was 0.05. The contribution of progesterone to the blood production rate of 20Α-OHP for days 20–24 was calculated to be between 24 and 73 %, and it was concluded that plasma concentrations of 20Α-OHP are not a valid indicator of corpus luteum regression in the human.
TL;DR: In vitro experiments with strips of pregnant rat uterus, normal estrogen-primed rat uterus and duodenum showed that cyproheptadine HCl (Periactin®), a seroton, acts as a ligand for estrogen.
Abstract: In vitro experiments with strips of pregnant rat uterus, normal estrogen-primed rat uterus and duodenum showed that cyproheptadine HCl (Periactin®), a seroton
TL;DR: Changes in the enzyme-activity levels of the placental steroid enzyme, 17Β-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)-oxydoreductase were examined in the plasma of women with normal and pathological pregnancies.
Abstract: Changes in the enzyme-activity levels of the placental steroid enzyme, 17Β-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)-oxydoreductase were examined in the plasma of women with normal and pathological pregnancies The
TL;DR: A lymphocyte culture method was developed that allow the use of as little as 0.01 ml of fetal blood for the assessment of cytogenetic abnormalities and the yield of metaphase plates was good.
Abstract: A lymphocyte culture method was developed that allow the use of as little as 001 ml of fetal blood The yield of metaphase plates for the assessment of cytogenetic abnormalities was good A safe way
TL;DR: 3H-uridine incorporation into the different uterine cell types and progesterone produced a significant inhibition of RNA synthesis in all three cell types most pronounced in the myometrium, which resulted in an inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake which was greatest with simultaneous application of the two steroids.
Abstract: A single dose of oestradiol stimulates proliferative activity in the endometrium of castrated rats. This was tested autoradiographically by measuring 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation and by determining the mitotic index. Administration of gestagens simultaneously or at different time intervals after oestradiol treatment (early G1 or early S phase) resulted in an inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake which was greatest with simultaneous application of the two steroids. With regard to 3H-uridine incorporation into the different uterine cell types, progesterone produced a significant inhibition of RNA synthesis in all three cell types most pronounced in the myometrium. The role of these effects is discussed with regard to the growth-inhibiting effect of gestagens in human endometrial carcinoma.
TL;DR: Placing normally pregnant women at bed rest during the third trimester significantly increased the amount of total estrogen excreted into the urine to 122% of the control value, but the concentration of total serum estriol was not significantly altered.
Abstract: Placing normally pregnant women at bed rest during the third trimester significantly increased the amount of total estrogen excreted into the urine to 122% of the control value, but the concentration of total serum estriol was not significantly altered. Estriol biosynthesis, secretion, conjugation, metabolism, and excretion are regulated by many poorly understood factors, but for purposes of clinical evaluation of the well-being of the infant, bed rest would appear to be another circumstance under which more reliable information can be obtained by blood instead of urine analysis.
TL;DR: Investigations suggest that HCG produced by trophoblastic disease is involved in these steroid changes and elevated serum levels of both human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone and testosterone in these same patients have been reported previously.
Abstract: Plasma levels of androstenedione (A) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in 7 patients with trophoblastic disease with varying degrees of ovarian enlargement before and after chemotherapy and in 2 patients after oophorectomy. The data presented show that plasma A and DHT levels were elevated in patients with trophoblastic disease with enlarged ovaries and decreased to normal levels after chemotherapy or oophorectomy. Elevated serum levels of both human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) and testosterone in these same patients have been reported previously. These investigations suggest that HCG produced by trophoblastic disease is involved in these steroid changes.
TL;DR: The results indicate that these steroid derivatives may be used to study amino-acid residues present at steroid-binding sites in biosynthetic enzymes and further indicate that medical use as irreversible inactivators may be possible.
Abstract: The effects of affinity-labeling progesterone derivatives (16Α-bromoacetoxyprogesterone, 11Α-bromoacetoxyprogesterone and 21-acryloxyprogesterone) on the activity of rat adrenal steroid 11Β-hydroxylase and steroid 21-hydroxylase have been examined. All three derivatives, at 3.0×10––5 M concentration, significantly inactivate both enzymes, but to variable degrees. This inactivation is completely eliminated by the presence of excess Β-mercaptoethanol in the medium. Presence of progesterone during the preincubation period markedly decreases inactivation. While the enzymes are inactivated by 3×10––5 M ethylbromoacetate, in this case, progesterone confers only minimal protection. Ethylacrylate (3×10––5 M) does not inactivate the enzymes. The results indicate that these steroid derivatives may be used to study amino-acid residues present at steroid-binding sites in biosynthetic enzymes. They further indicate that medical use as irreversible inactivators may be possible.
TL;DR: The results of these experiments show that the extracorporeal apparatus devised by us does provide adequate perfusion of the isolated placenta in a manner strikingly similar to that occurring in vivo.
Abstract: The flow of maternal perfusate through the intervillous space has been monitored by observing the flow of a radiopaque injection. The results of these experiments show that the extracorporeal apparatus devised by us does provide adequate perfusion of the isolated placenta in a manner strikingly similar to that occurring in vivo. Supporting evidence was obtained by dissecting the placenta to locate the distribution of India ink injected with the radiopaque dye.