Showing papers in "Hispania in 2017"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study how the Catholic Church reacted to the threat of the French Revolution and identify the different positions adopted by the Spanish reactionary clergy, focusing on the traditional enemies of the Enlightenment, which considered that revolution was a consequence of this movement.
Abstract: This essay studies how the Catholic Church reacted to the threat of the French Revolution. Manuscripts and primary sources of this period are studied in order to identify the different positions adopted by the Spanish reactionary clergy. Four main epigraphs will be developed with the intention of covering the complexity of the ecclesiastical thinking landscape from 1789. The first one will focus on the traditional enemies of the Enlightenment, which considered that revolution was a consequence of this movement. The second one will analyse the restoration of the alliance between throne and altar addressed by those clerics who were not only closest to power, but also generally the most enlightened. Thirdly, we will see how a sector of the Spanish clergy started to feel disillusioned with the king and his absolutist policies, and found consolation in the Pope (in a sort of Ultramontanism). Finally, the last epigraph will study the case of one of these disaffected clerics, Lorenzana, Archbishop of Toledo. The conclusion of this article is that Spanish reactionary thinking after the French Revolution was much more complex than previously thought. Not every reactionary cleric was against the Enlightenment, nor were all the reactionary clergy favour to the king.
39 citations
TL;DR: Sangra por la herida as mentioned in this paper is a novel based on a revised version of the detective novel with multiple narrative voices, mostly female, depicting the everyday experience of people surviving in Habana del Este, Vedado, and Alamar.
Abstract: In her 2010 novel Sangra por la herida , the Cuban novelist, poet, and essayist Mirta Yanez constructs a panoramic view of metropolitan Havana, following the model of Latin American fiction starting in the 1980s based on a revised version of the detective novel. Sangra por la herida functions best as a narrative that juxtaposes a dystopic vision of several neighborhoods in the city, with multiple narrative voices, mostly female, depicting the everyday experience of people surviving in Habana del Este, Vedado, and Alamar. The novel allows the detective format to recover the memory of Cuba’s utopian dreams of the early 1960s, a period that, according to the novel, was already showing signs of corrupting those dreams. The novel structures its narrative around the unsolved crimes against two women, yet the author is ultimately concerned with the disintegration of popular memory around violence to women during the last decades of the twentieth century. Yanez emphasizes the novel’s capacity to recover that memory through a chorus of voices recorded for the reader in a melodramatic, humoristic manner.
27 citations
TL;DR: This article examined additive and subtractive practices of teachers as they strived to teach Spanish to heritage language learners (HLLs) enrolled in mixed Spanish-as-foreign-language classes (that is, classes comprised of both HLLs and traditional second language learners).
Abstract: This qualitative study investigated the language ideologies and instructional practices of an entire Spanish language faculty at a high school in a new gateway state for immigration. The study examined additive and subtractive practices of teachers as they strived to teach Spanish to heritage language learners (HLLs) enrolled in mixed Spanish-as-foreign-language classes (that is, classes comprised of both HLLs and traditional second language learners). The study found that although at the philosophical level teachers had additive, pluralistic views of acculturation, they often opted for instructional practices that contradicted their philosophies. This article deconstructs those practices and outlines the fundamental shifts in ideologies that are necessary to promote effective and culturally appropriate instruction for HLLs in mixed classes.
17 citations
TL;DR: This article evaluated a step-by-step instructional approach focusing on stress identification, which was delivered in three computer-based training sessions, and found that the instruction effectively improved students' stress identification skills and ability to add written accent marks when appropriate.
Abstract: Spanish spelling, especially the use of written accent marks, is a major stumbling block for Spanish heritage language (SHL) learners (Carreira 2002). In fact, Mikulski (2006) found that most SHL learners ranked bettering their spelling and grammar as a very important learning goal. Despite its importance in literacy development and its perceived value as a signal of an accomplished writer, few empirical studies have addressed spelling and use of accent marks. To address this gap, the present study evaluated a step-by-step instructional approach focusing on stress identification, which was delivered in three computer-based training sessions. The sessions consisted of listening exercises containing exaggerated and contrastive stress. Additionally, students received an introductory lesson and two explicit explanations of written accent rules with practice activities. Pre- and post-test results show the instruction effectively improved students' stress identification skills and ability to add written accent marks when appropriate. In addition, results find that the most complex aspect of learning accent use is identification of the stressed syllable. Poor spelling ability can affect students' attitudes toward writing, their fluency, and their self-confidence as writers. Therefore, it is important that SHL learners master correct accent placement through effective instructional procedures.
12 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigate how much formal L2 experience is needed before benefits for L3 development emerge, or about whether effects depend on type of L3 instruction, and they report two experiments investigating initial learning of semantic role assignment in L3 Latin by native English speakers at different levels of formal experience in L2 Spanish (Beginning, Intermediate, Advanced, Very Advanced).
Abstract: Experience with a second language (L2) has been shown to facilitate learning of a third or subsequent language (L3) (Sanz 2000). However, little is known about how much L2 experience is needed before benefits for L3 development emerge, or about whether effects depend on type of L3 instruction. We report two experiments investigating initial learning of semantic role (agent/patient) assignment in L3 Latin by native English speakers at different levels of formal experience in L2 Spanish (Beginning, Intermediate, Advanced, Very Advanced). In Experiment 1, (N 5 76), learners engaged in a computerized Latin practice session that included metalinguistic information in feedback. In Experiment 2, (N 5 0), feedback indicated only if learners’ responses in practice were right or wrong. Development was operationalized as improvement in accuracy and/or reaction time. Results showed that when feedback was metalinguistic, an intermediate level of formal L2 experience was enough to yield an advantage, however only those learners with very advanced L2 experience showed longer-term retention of that advantage. In contrast, in the absence of metalinguistic feedback, very advanced experience was required for any advantage to appear. These results inform classroom accommodations for learners with different levels of previous language experience.
12 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated pre-service Spanish teachers' performance on the World Language edTPA as it relates to planning for instruction in a communicative context and found serious discrepancies among the candidates' learning outcomes, communicative language teaching approaches, and the spirit of the WLEDTPA.
Abstract: Teacher accountability continues to be at the forefront of educational policy in t he United States, with the current focus on the Outcomes of K-12 teaching and teacher education (Cochran-Smith 2000). edTPA, a high-stakes assessment used in many states to make licensure or certiacation decisions, purports to measure those content-speciac outcomes. This study investigated pre-service Spanish teachers’ performance on the World Language edTPA as it relates to planning for instruction in a communicative context. Speciacally, the ave highest scoring edTPA portfolios from two large world language teacher education programs were examined, with a focus on their alignment with communicative language teaching approaches and Gronlund’s (2004) criteria for articulating student learning outcomes. Results showed serious discrepancies among the candidates’ learning outcomes, communicative language teaching approaches, and the spirit of the World Language edTPA. This research has implications for teacher preparation and professional development of beginning language teachers.
10 citations
TL;DR: The presente estudio sobre la obra de Macedonio Fernandez se inscribe dentro de las investigaciones sobre el humor in textos narrativos del autor argentino.
Abstract: El presente estudio sobre la obra de Macedonio Fernandez se inscribe dentro de las investigaciones sobre el humor en textos narrativos del autor argentino. El interes y la novedad de este estudio parte de una nueva aproximacion a la obra humoristica de Macedonio que aplica teorias linguisticas del humor, como la teoria del humor basada en esquemas semanticos (Script-based Semantic Theory of Humor) y la teoria general del humor (General Theory of Verbal Humor). En este trabajo se analizan varios fragmentos de su obra Papeles de Recienvenido (1929) para revelar la manipulacion semantica y estructural de las normativas tradicionales del humor narrativo. La manipulacion macedoniana consiste en convertir lo normal en anormal y viceversa, tanto en la estructura narrativa del humor, como en los contenidos, incorporando a su vez ideas radicales relacionadas con lo que el mismo denomina "desbaratamiento". De entre estas ideas, sobresale la negacion de la existencia del Ser, de la muerte, del espacio, del tiempo, y de una verdad absoluta.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an ensayo de que forma inciden la variacion diatopica and the diacronia in los mecanismos utilizados for crear estas designaciones and se realiza una propuesta for estructurar la actividad de estos recursos.
Abstract: Expresiones como tortilla, gallina de la tierra, pina o canoita reflejan los recursos morfolexicos que utilizo el castellano del siglo XVI para expresar los artifacts o sociofacts propios del nuevo mundo americano. En este ensayo se analiza de que forma inciden la variacion diatopica y la diacronia en los mecanismos utilizados para crear estas designaciones y se realiza una propuesta para estructurar la actividad de estos recursos. Se concluye que es posible diferenciar cuatro dimensiones en la historia del espanol americano y se establecen como claves para su descripcion un factor determinante, un elemento articulador y una consecuencia lexico-semantica que define cada una de las fases propuestas.
9 citations
TL;DR: Ponsoda et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed caracteristicas morfologicas and semanticas del lexico divergente contenido in the base of data collected by the Proyecto CONVERLEX.
Abstract: El Proyecto de estudio de la convergencia lexica en la ciudad de Malaga (Proyecto CONVERLEXMalaga) se basa en la recogida de datos actuales del vocabulario activo y pasivo de una muestra de hablantes preestratificada por sexo, edad y nivel educacional para relacionarlos con los contenidos en las principales fuentes lexicograficas tradicionales. Se pretende averiguar en que proporcion se mantiene el lexico dialectal y como se diferencia y estratifica hoy. El lexico dialectal atraviesa un proceso de nivelacion similar al de otros componentes linguisticos: en una ciudad como Malaga, cuya variedad linguistica tiende a una relativa igualacion en la pronunciacion y en la gramatica (Villena Ponsoda 2008), es de esperar que el proceso de sustitucion del lexico tradicional este avanzado. En este trabajo analizamos las caracteristicas morfologicas y semanticas del lexico divergente contenido en la base de datos del Proyecto CONVERLEX. Realizamos un analisis individualizado de cada una de las formas, convencidos de que cada palabra cuenta su propia historia. Tras la aparente heterogeneidad morfologica de los vocablos analizados buscamos patrones morfologicos y semantico-cognitivos esenciales que se repitan en estos terminos que parecen favorecer la resistencia del proceso linguistico divergente ante la dinamica convergente generalizada en el resto de niveles.
8 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the ways Spanish HLL interact with language issues in their own community and examined how students negotiate the critical perspective of language acquired in the classroom with language ideologies generally assumed and expressed by the community.
Abstract: In recent years, the World Languages field has witnessed an increased interest in service-learning (SL) initiatives. Many SL projects focus on the potential that Spanish-speaking communities offer students of Spanish, as a foreign language, to increase their language skills and cultural understanding of these communities. Some authors, however, have expressed reservations about the instrumentalist perspective of the community that some SL initiatives adopt. In addition, the presence of Spanish heritage language learners (HLL) in Spanish classrooms has driven researchers and instructors to rethink the learning objectives of SL. In recent years, some SL proposals have appeared around the critical examination of the social construction of language issues and dominant language ideologies. Despite the benefits for the linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cultural self-esteem and empowerment of Spanish HLL, one of the main challenges and limitations that has been identified in SL courses is the reinforcement of critical attitudes about the Latino community and the resilience of standard language ideologies. The goal of this study was to explore the ways Spanish HLL interact with language issues in their own community and to examine how students negotiate the critical perspective of language acquired in the classroom with language ideologies generally assumed and expressed by the community.
8 citations
TL;DR: Caperucita en Manhattan as mentioned in this paper is a Young Adult novel ahead of its time and has a key place in the author's own biography, serving as a bridge back to life and literature after her daughter's untimely death.
Abstract: Carmen Martin Gaite's Caperucita en Manhattan is a Young Adult novel ahead of its time. If this category had existed in Spain when it was published, it is likely that it would have earned the critical recognition it deserves. The novel's exciting plot, captivating prose, wise cultural commentary, factual content, sense of humor, and message of female empowerment are strong enough to engage readers of all ages. In addition to its literary value, this novel has a key place in the author's own biography, serving as a bridge back to life and literature after her daughter's untimely death. A fresh look at Caperucita en Manhattan will reveal the reasons why it is beloved around the world and why it deserves a place in the Martin Gaite novel canon.
TL;DR: This article examined how second language learners (L2) assign the thematic roles of agent/patient in Spanish passive sentences with ser (often referred to as the true passive) when it is their initial exposure to this structure.
Abstract: The present study examines how second language learners (L2) assign the thematic roles of agent/patient in Spanish passive sentences with ser (often referred to as the true passive) when it is their initial exposure to this structure. The target sentences were preceded by a contextual sentence. After hearing the two sentences, participants were asked to identify the agent of the passive sentence. All the sentences were reversible, and other linguistic variables were manipulated. Variables that have been shown in other studies on other linguistic structures to promote correct thematic role assignment include: the number (singular/plural) of the agents and patients; the gender (masculine to feminine and feminine to masculine) of the agents and patients; and co-indexing of the grammatical subjects (1/2) in the context and target sentences. The quantitative analyses reveal that these native speakers of English, to varying degrees, assign thematic roles in passive sentences incorrectly. Furthermore, these learners show no sensitivity to number, gender, and co-referencing of grammatical subjects. None of the paired conditions promoted greater accuracy in assigning thematic roles. The results are discussed in terms of the First Noun Principle (VanPatten 2007) and the Canonical Alignment Hypothesis (Hyams et al. 2006).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the process by which the authors created a Virtual Learning Community for cultural and linguistic exchange between college students of Portuguese in the United States and undergraduate and graduate students of English in Brazil.
Abstract: This article describes the process by which the authors created a Virtual Learning Community for cultural and linguistic exchange between college students of Portuguese in the United States and undergraduate and graduate students of English in Brazil. In addition to describing the way the so-called tandem model for telecollaboration was adapted to students' academic contexts and motivations, the article addresses the process, challenges, and some of the outcomes of the project's pilot using qualitative data collected before, during, and after the program. A possibility raised by this pilot is that as cultural ambassadors of the United States assisting in the teaching of English as a foreign language in sixty-nine countries, Fulbright English teaching assistants are potential partners for similar exchanges involving both commonly and less commonly taught languages in the United States.
TL;DR: This article explored the use of two epistemic adverbs in Argentine Spanish, quizas and capaz, and found that Capaz was associated with the greatest subjunctive use and past with the least use.
Abstract: This article explores the use of two epistemic adverbs in Argentine Spanish, quizas and capaz . While scholars have noted the existence of capaz as an epistemic adverb, it had not been systematically studied prior to this investigation. To examine the epistemic stance of the adverbs, 117 participants completed an experimental sentence completion task in which mood selection (i.e., percentage subjunctive use) was measured. The dependent variables considered were situational certainty and temporal reference, as well as adverb. Situational certainty (certain, not certain) and temporal reference (future, present, past) were communicated in written discourse scenarios that preceded the sentence to be completed, and the certain or not certain status was verified through a norming procedure. Through a mixed model analysis, findings indicated that temporal reference was the only significant dependent variable. Mood selection was significantly different in contexts with future, present, and past temporal reference. Future temporal reference was associated with the greatest subjunctive use and past with the least subjunctive use. The findings were similar for sentences with capaz and quizas , indicating a similar epistemic stance based on current data.
TL;DR: In this article, a socio-political and cultural interpretation of the Spanish Crown is proposed to analyze the game between their political and symbolic power, responding to their capacity for survival and plasticity, as well as its sources of legitimacy, popular acceptance and internalization.
Abstract: The monarchy had a capital role in the 19th Century, adapting to the new political, social and cultural circumstances that liberalism was considering. In this way, it was directly involved in the formation of political and cultural identities. This article proposes to incorporate the study of the Crown in a socio-political and cultural interpretation that emphasizes the game between their political and symbolic power, responding to their capacity for survival and plasticity. To do this, we study the ceremonies as a privileged space to analysis their speeches and performances, as well as its sources of legitimacy, popular acceptance and internalization. This perspective is used to study the ceremonies that brought the birth of Prince Alfonso in 1857: his presentation and the christening, the public exit to the Basilica of Atocha and his confirmation in Covadonga. Using these moments, we analyse the ceremonial development, the speeches generated around the event and social responses, declare the birth of the heir to the Spanish Crown in the elaboration of national identity and gender.
TL;DR: In this article, a concepto of variacion morfologia flexiva (i.e., the relation between formación de palabras en espanol and variacion) is defined, with the aim of establecer una tipologia de fenomenos atendiendo no tanto al factor extralinguistico implicado (historico, geografico, social, funcional), como al elemento del proceso morfologyico that se encuentre involucrado: vari
Abstract: Durante mucho tiempo, la atencion de los linguistas interesados en el estudio de la variacion se ha centrado fundamentalmente en la variacion fonica y en la variacion lexica. Mas recientemente la variacion gramatical ha comenzado a constituirse tambien en objeto de estudio. En el caso de la variacion morfologica, sin duda los fenomenos relacionados con la morfologia flexiva han recibido una mayor atencion que aquellos concernientes a la formacion de palabras. El objetivo de este articulo es, precisamente, reflexionar en torno a las relaciones entre formacion de palabras en espanol y variacion, entendido este concepto tanto en sentido restringido como en sentido amplio, con el fin de establecer una tipologia de fenomenos atendiendo no tanto al factor extralinguistico implicado (historico, geografico, social, funcional), como al elemento del proceso morfologico que se encuentre involucrado: variacion relativa a la seleccion de la base; variacion relativa a las propiedades de la forma resultante o output; variacion relativa a las propiedades del afijo.
TL;DR: This article examined the use of Guarani affixes and clitics in colloquial Paraguayan Spanish and found that most of these uses may stem from a strategy of backflagging that bilingual speakers employ to mark their use of a (historical, colonial) L2 (Spanish) with elements from the original community L1 (Guarani).
Abstract: In this paper we examine the use of Guarani affixes and clitics in colloquial Paraguayan Spanish. We depart from the traditional view of these as “borrowings", and instead explore the idea that these phenomena can be integrated within Muysken’s (2000, 2013, 2014) typology of code-mixing. We claim that most of these uses may stem from a strategy of backflagging that bilingual speakers employ to mark their use of a (historical, colonial) L2 (Spanish) with elements from the original community L1 (Guarani). In so doing, however, we identify some problematic areas in applying Muysken’s model to these data. We conclude by showing how this perspective shift in the analysis of Guarani-Spanish contact phenomena can both increase our understanding of this particular contact situation, as well as of code-mixing typology.
TL;DR: Ruvalcaba et al. as discussed by the authors define a cosmovisión única y rica, fruto de escritores provenientes de los pueblos originarios yucatecos.
Abstract: En conclusión, en este tomo se destaca la fuerza del pensamiento y convicción literaria de una fuerte cosmovisión maya que se resiste o adapta ante una rápida transformación social, cultural y demográfica producto de la globalización, la política neoliberal y los cambios climáticos. Esta literatura representa una contribución literaria distintiva en la cual se puede apreciar una cosmovisión única y rica, fruto de escritores provenientes de los pueblos originarios yucatecos. Noé Ruvalcaba California Baptist University
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive analysis of the information that Arab sources bring about the conquest of Seville by Ferdinand III of Castile in 646 h/1248.
Abstract: The conquest of Seville by Ferdinand III of Castile in 646 h/1248 is one of the decisive events of the process of political and territorial expansion developed by the Crown of Castile during the thirteenth century. This article presents, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the information that Arab sources bring about this episode, which has not been hitherto the subject of a detailed treatment. This information, broadly compatible with Christian sources, has a particular interest in relation to three specific issues: the chronology of the conquest and the handover process of the city from Muslims to Christians, the vision of the vanquished and the fate of the Muslim population.
TL;DR: In this article, a metodologica inductiva and novedosa se enfrenta a la disparidad estructural de los corpus revisados and atiende las funciones pragmalinguisticas de las voces in estos tres medios.
Abstract: En este analisis se pretende precisar la productividad de tres procedimientos de formacion de palabras en el espanol coloquial del siglo XXI en Espana y la recurrencia de las nuevas unidades lexicas: musculeras, mamitis, bocachanclas y privi se convierten en objeto de estudio. Para ello, se han revisado dos mecanismos morfologicos (por derivacion y composicion univerbal) y uno formal (por acortamiento) y sus correspondientes eductos en tres muestras de habla actuales (corpus conversacional coloquial, corpus digital coloquial y corpus medial con uso estrategico de lo coloquial). Esta propuesta metodologica inductiva y novedosa se enfrenta a la disparidad estructural de los corpus revisados y atiende las funciones pragmalinguisticas de las voces en estos tres medios. Ademas, utiliza como parametro auxiliar de reconocimiento de lo coloquial y de lo neologico la sancion de estas voces en diccionarios generales con la marca coloquial y/o su inclusion en diccionarios de argot. De este modo, el corpus y el diccionario constituyen las dos herramientas del analisis pragmalinguistico de las nuevas palabras del espanol coloquial, voces que convierten al ser humano en objeto del discurso, con adicion de unas notas de humor, afecto y/o una connotacion despectiva: tocapelotas, barcelonitis y ecolojeta como representacion.
TL;DR: The authors studied the effect of learning second language vocabulary with gesture and found that student-constructed gestures are more effective than researcher-instructed gestures. But their results were limited due to the sample size, but pedagogically, these results suggest a balance between independent and directed vocabulary learning, where students are guided to use techniques that enrich their mental representations, but are simultaneously given the freedom and responsibility to construct their own examples.
Abstract: This pilot study looks at the effect of learning second language vocabulary with gesture. Specifically, this current study asks whether researcher-instructed or student-constructed gestures are more effective. Depth of processing theories (Craik and Lockhart 1972) as well as more recent educational frameworks like ICAP ( Interactive, Constructive, Active, Passive ) (Chi and Wiley 2014) would suggest that personal construction of a gesture may further deepen processing and increase cognitive engagement, strengthening the effect of the technique itself. Beginning Spanish students (n = 19) were assigned to one of the following groups: instructed gestures, constructed gestures, or control (no gesture). Scores of the one-week post-test highlight the higher recall of constructed over instructed or no gesture, in line with the predictions of the ICAP framework. Conclusions are limited due to the sample size, but pedagogically, these results suggest a balance between independent and directed vocabulary learning, where students are guided to use techniques that enrich their mental representations, but are simultaneously given the freedom and responsibility to construct their own examples.
TL;DR: The authors examined English-speaking learners of Spanish and their pragmatic development of request forms during a six-week immersion program in Madrid, Spain, focusing on personal deictic orientation, directness evidenced by clause type, and the use of por favor 'please', and comparing learners to native speakers of Peninsular Spanish.
Abstract: The current study examines English-speaking learners of Spanish and their pragmatic development of request forms during a six-week immersion program in Madrid, Spain. Elicited production and intuition data were analyzed, focusing on personal deictic orientation, directness evidenced by clause type, and the use of por favor 'please,' and comparing learners to native speakers of Peninsular Spanish. Results indicate pragmatic acquisition over the short-term program, suggested by a change in the learners' produced requests and intuitions regarding requests and also an increase in the pragmatic appropriateness of leaners' requests and intuitions over the program. Importantly, these results demonstrate that pragmatic acquisition can occur during a short-term immersion program, and during one without any pragmatic intervention. The discussion addresses potentially important programmatic variables, developmental patterns, and also an interlanguage perspective of requests, considering grammatical form, speech act, and illocutionary force in Spanish and English as challenges for learners.
TL;DR: The poem "Ritmos negros del Peru" by Afro-Peruvian writer Nicomedes Santa Cruz as discussed by the authors recovers AfroPeruvian history and agency through the retelling of the journey of a mythical grandmother.
Abstract: The poem “Ritmos negros del Peru” by Afro-Peruvian writer Nicomedes Santa Cruz recovers Afro-Peruvian history and agency through the retelling of the journey of a mythical grandmother. through the retelling of her story, the poet claims blackness and African roots as pillars of Peruvian culture. In so doing, Santa Cruz opens the door not only for the recognition of Afro-Peruvians as people whose history and struggles, though unacknowledged, have contributed so much to Peruvian culture and society, but also for the decolonization of Peruvian history and culture.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine Octavio Paz's canonical study of Mexican identity, El laberinto de la soledad, against the backdrop of the current political environment in the United States; it interrogates how we can make Paz’s rich, ambitious text meaningful for today's undergraduates.
Abstract: This article examines Octavio Paz’s canonical study of Mexican identity, El laberinto de la soledad , against the backdrop of the current political environment in the United States; it interrogates how we can make Paz’s rich, ambitious text meaningful for today’s undergraduates. How can we teach El laberinto de la soledad in a way that advances, rather than impedes, cultural awareness? Ultimately, I elaborate a scholarly and pedagogically valid interpretation of Paz’s text that tasks undergraduates to celebrate cultural diversity even while accounting for the text’s historical context. Specifically, I propose that it can be compellingly deciphered for students by employing categories of analysis provided by intercultural communication, a field of study which, tellingly, originated during the time when Paz wrote El laberinto de la soledad and which is still widely taught in US colleges and universities as a required introductory course meant to equip undergraduate students with the interpersonal skills necessary to live and work in a multicultural society. By employing intercultural communication’s conceptual toolkit, as it was developed by Edward T. Hall and Geert Hofstede, I read Paz’s interpretation of Mexico as coherent, compelling, and enlightened.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how the Rio de Janeiro bar and restaurant Zicartola functioned as an alternative space of encounter during a period of social and political upheaval, tracing the trajectories of musicians Nara Leao, Paulinho da Viola, and Clementina de Jesus.
Abstract: In 1960s Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian white middle class embraced the samba music written by working-class blacks as a source of authentic national culture. Cultural mediators, or individuals that bridged sociocultural spheres and negotiated the terms in which work was produced and circulated, were essential to samba’s mainstream acceptance. This article examines how the Rio de Janeiro bar and restaurant Zicartola functioned as an alternative space of encounter during a period of social and political upheaval. Following the trajectories of musicians Nara Leao, Paulinho da Viola, and Clementina de Jesus, the article traces Zicartola’s position as conduit for the exchange that occurred between the middle and working classes between 1963 and 1965. Although cultural mediation is often framed as a way to bridge differences between disparate communities founded on differences in race and social class, these interactions only cause transformations on an individual scale while reaffirming the imbalance of power through the unequal distribution of social and cultural resources.
TL;DR: La teta asustada (2009) de la directora peruana Claudia Llosa estuvo marcada por la polemica en torno a la representación que este realiza del worldo andino popular y por lecturas en clave politica, antropologica, and de genero as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: La recepcion del film La teta asustada (2009) de la directora peruana Claudia Llosa estuvo marcada por la polemica en torno a la representacion que este realiza del mundo andino popular y por lecturas en clave politica, antropologica y de genero. Como consecuencia de ello se descuidaron otros aspectos, tales como el modelo estetico que el film plantea acerca del proceso del duelo y sus vinculos con el lenguaje y la musica, en la forma de canciones. Para comprender mejor el modelo estetico que Llosa propone y explorar su potencial heuristico se lo contrastara con la teoria que Walter Benjamin desarrolla en El significado del lenguaje en el Trauerspiel y la tragedia sobre el nexo existente entre el lenguaje, la musica y la experiencia del duelo. Proponemos como hipotesis la existencia en las obras de Benjamin y Llosa de dos modelos contrapuestos, pero que se iluminan uno a otro, de relacion entre los sentimientos, la musica y lenguaje. Mientras que para Benjamin la musica recoge y redime el dolor del duelo, para Llosa la musica solo es tal cuando logra independizarse del llanto y el lamento.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the political positions adopted by some anti-liberal deputies in the Cortes of Cadiz during the 1812 Spanish Counter-Revolt, focusing on the origins and social bases of the counter-revolt.
Abstract: This article attempts to analyze, mainly drawing on the Parliamentary Debates, the political positions adopted by some anti-liberal deputies in the Cortes of Cadiz. This representative chamber (which was the leading organ of political power in the Spanish lands not controlled by the Bonapartist regime) was set up as a discussion and decision-making space,which entailed a rupture with conceptions of politics prevailing during the Ancien Regime, including Absolutism. The more conservative and reactionary groups used several mechanisms and ways (the propaganda machine, army, pulpit, municipal posts, diplomacy and Parliamentary elections, among others) to put an end to that new place. Despite of its impact on the making and development of Society and State in Contemporary Spain, historians have paid little attention to the genesis and social bases of the Counter-Revolution. A small number of studies are focused on the origins of this historical movement, as well as on the various ideas and political attitudes of the deputies opposed to the constitutional regime of 1812. These gaps in knowledge have motivated the present pages. Our aim is to offer a first approach to the question.
TL;DR: Oyarzabal Smith (Isabel de Palencia) as discussed by the authors was the first mujer espanola que represento a su pais como embajadora.
Abstract: Este articulo analiza la labor desempenada por la escritora y politica espanola Isabel Oyarzabal Smith (“Isabel de Palencia”) durante su exilio en Mexico, un exilio que emprendio tras acabar la guerra civil espanola con la derrota republicana. La trayectoria vital de Oyarzabal Smith encarna muchos de los cambios experimentados por las mujeres espanolas en el primer tercio del siglo XX. Su activa participacion en la esfera publica en los anos 20 y 30 la llevo a ser la primera mujer espanola que represento a su pais como embajadora. Al llegar a Mexico volco su compromiso republicano en su actividad como escritora, periodista y conferenciante, y logro insertarse con cierto exito en la vida social e intelectual mexicana. Publico buena parte de su produccion literaria en esos anos. Destaca su volumen autobiografico Smouldering Freedom: The Story of the Spanish Republicans in Exile (1945), traducido al espanol como Rescoldos de libertad: Guerra civil y exilio en Mexico (2009), que ofrece su testimonio personal y colectivo sobre las cruciales experiencias historicas vividas. Fuente imprescindible para la investigacion sobre el exilio republicano espanol de 1939, sus paginas recuperan parte de la historia de Mexico y de esa historia de Espana que fue silenciada por el franquismo.
TL;DR: Fagundes as discussed by the authors presented the interior/psychological lives of three young women through a unique tri-voiced, stream-of-consciousness narration, and examined the stereotypes and gender roles assigned to women in Brazilian society at the time.
Abstract: Lygia Fagundes Telles’s novel As meninas portrays the oppressive social atmosphere of Brazil’s authoritarian military dictatorship in a way that few other novels accomplish. Though the novel eschews the documentary romance-reportagem mode famously adopted by other writers from the period, As meninas provides a poignant expression of the psychological and emotional burdens caused by living under an authoritarian regime. While presenting the interior/psychological lives of three young women through a unique tri-voiced, stream-of-consciousness narration, the novel unveils and examines the stereotypes and gender roles assigned to women in Brazilian society at the time. In doing so, the novel resists patriarchal authoritarianism where it most insidiously remains ingrained: the social structure of the family.
TL;DR: In this article, a diacronia puede contribuir a la delimitación de compuestos sintagmaticos and locuciones, and se demuestra the existencia of una relacion diaconica entre ambos fenomenos.
Abstract: Una de las problematicas de la linguistica actual es determinar la naturaleza de aquellas agrupaciones de dos o mas palabras que presentan cierto grado de fijacion, como sucede en expresiones como ojo de buey, caballo de batalla y oveja negra , entre otras muchas. La dificultad radica en que se trata de construcciones a caballo entre lo que se ha denominado composicion sintagmatica y las locuciones, es decir, se situarian entre la morfologia y la fraseologia. Por este motivo, en esta investigacion se analiza esta controvertida cuestion a la luz de la diacronia. Para ello, se realiza un estudio del papel que ha jugado la perspectiva historica en la caracterizacion de estas formaciones pluriverbales. Asimismo, se argumenta que la diacronia puede contribuir a la delimitacion de compuestos sintagmaticos y locuciones, y se demuestra la existencia de una relacion diacronica entre ambos fenomenos.