Showing papers in "IEEE Power & Energy Magazine in 1995"

High Voltage Engineering and Testing

Abstract: Electric power transmission and HV distribution systems HVDC and power electronic systems Insulation systems Transmission systems Overhead lines High voltage cables High voltage bushings Substation design Intelligent monitoring systems Life management of electrical equipment Switchgear fundamentals Transmission switchgear design, development and service Distribution switchgear design, development and service Application of high power testing and measurement technology Design of high voltage power transformers Transformer user requirements, specifications and testing Fundamental aspects of air breakdown Basic measuring and testing techniques Digital measurements: implications for new international standards and procedures High voltage laboratory techniques

Analysis of Electric Machinery [Books and Reports]

Abstract: Power System Stability: Volumes I, 11, and 111, by Edward Wilson Kimbark. An IEEE Press Classic Reissue in the IEEE Press Power Systems Engineering Series, Paul M. Anderson, Series Editor (previously published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). IEEE Press: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (908) 5623967. Softcover in slipcased 3-vol. set, 1008 pages. IEEE Order No. PP5600, ISBN 0-7803-1 135-3.

Power System Control and Stability [Boooks and Reports]

Abstract: Power System Stability: Volumes I, 11, and 111, by Edward Wilson Kimbark. An IEEE Press Classic Reissue in the IEEE Press Power Systems Engineering Series, Paul M. Anderson, Series Editor (previously published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). IEEE Press: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (908) 5623967. Softcover in slipcased 3-vol. set, 1008 pages. IEEE Order No. PP5600, ISBN 0-7803-1 135-3.

Integrated Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract: Utilization of several manifestations of solar energy in tandem by means of integrated renewable energy systems (IRES) to supply a variety of energy and other needs has the potential to energize (in contrast to electrification) remote rural areas in a cost-effective manner. Such actions can dramatically improve the quality of life for hundreds of millions of people living in remote villages in the continents of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The environmentally benign nature of renewable resource utilization and the potability of exploiting locally available resources with the consequent growth of job opportunities are some of the many benefits that can accrue by the deployment of IRES. Even small amounts of energy can be very beneficial in remote rural areas of developing countries with no grid connection as compared to the massive urban sprawls in both developed and developing countries. A concerted global effort in this direction can build the much-needed market potential for renewables now, resulting in future cost reductions. Summaries of the three panel session presentations are assembled here for the readers of the IEEE Power Engineering Review: Designing an Integrated Renewable Energy System, by K. Ashenayi, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Africa-1000: Water in Thousands ofmore » Villages, by C. Kashkari Founder, Africa-1000, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio; Renewables in Mexico, by J. Gutierrez-Vera, Energia Del Siglo 21, Mexico D.F.« less

Finnish Geomagnetically Induced Currents Project

Abstract: This article is a summary of Results of the Finnish Project on Geomagnetically Induced Currents,'' published in Surveys in Geophysics 15:383-408, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1994. IVO and FMI carried out a 1-year GIC project from June 1991 to May 1992. The time of the project was a little after the sunspot maximum, and the geomagnetic activity was high; there were 34 major or severe magnetic storm days (A[sub k] index at least 50). The main aim was to derive reliable statistics of the occurrences of GICs at different sites of the Finnish 400 and 220 kV power systems. Besides the practical engineering purpose, the project is also geophysically relevant by providing a GIC data set usable for large-scale investigations of auroral ionospheric-magnetospheric processes and of the earth's structure.

Integrated Circuit Hybrid, and Multichip Module Package Design Guidelines [Books and Reports]

Abstract: master‘s and doctorate degree in chemical engineering from the Indian institute of Technology, Kanpur. Rao has 20 years of teaching experience out of which 18 years have been at IIT Kanpur. He hastaught thermodynamicsfor 20 years at all levels, undergraduate and postgraduate. He has published several papers in international journals in the areas of thermodynamics, gas lasers, and shock tubes, and presented several papers in international conferences. He was also a Fulbright Research Scholar at Columbia University, New York. Rao’s current areas of active interest are thermodynamics, gas lasers, and shock tubes.

Power System Stability [Books and Reports]

Abstract: Power System Stability: Volumes I, 11, and 111, by Edward Wilson Kimbark. An IEEE Press Classic Reissue in the IEEE Press Power Systems Engineering Series, Paul M. Anderson, Series Editor (previously published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). IEEE Press: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (908) 5623967. Softcover in slipcased 3-vol. set, 1008 pages. IEEE Order No. PP5600, ISBN 0-7803-1 135-3.

UPEC '94 Review

Abstract: The twenty-ninth Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC `94), held September 14--16, 1994, at University College, Galway, Ireland, surpassed all previous meetings in respect of number and quality of technical content of the papers and number of delegates attending. As in the past, it had a broad theme, covering all aspects of electrical power engineering, and was attended by academics, research workers, and members of the power service and manufacturing organizations. During the sessions, 265 papers from more than 30 countries were debated. There were 27 technical sessions, 3 poster sessions, and an opening and a closing session, 160 papers being presented orally in four groups of parallel sessions, the remainder being presented in poster sessions. The high standard of the papers, presentations, and technical discussions was particularly gratifying. The Universities Power Engineering Conference, held annually, provides a forum for the exchange of ideas among practicing engineers from the universities, consultants, and in the manufacturing and supply industries.

Designing an Integrated Renewable Energy System

Abstract: tilization of several manifestations of solar energy in tandem by means of integrated renewable energy systems (IRES) to supply a variety of energy and other needs has the potential to energize (in contrast to electrification) remote rural areas in a cost-effective manner. Such actions can dramatically improve the quality of life for hundreds of millions of people living in remote villages in the continents of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The environmentally benign nature of renewable resource utilization and the potability of exploiting locally available resources with the consequent growth of job opportunities are some of the many benefits that can accrue by the deployment of IRES. Even small amounts of energy can be very beneficial in remote rural areas of developing countries with no grid connection as compared to the massive urban sprawls in both developed and developing countries. A concerted global effort in this direction can build the much-needed market potential for renewables now, resulting in future cost reductions. Summaries of the three panel session presentations are assembled here for the readers of the /€E€ Power Engineering Review. Designing an Integrated Renewable Energy System, by K. Ashenayi, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma Africa 1000: Water in Thousands of Villages, by C. Kashkari Founder, Africa 1000, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio Renewables in Mexico, by J. Gutierrez-Vera, Energia Del Siglo 21, Mexico D.F

Introduction to Ultrasonic Motors [Books and Reports]

Abstract: Covering virtually all areas of distribution engineering, this thoroughly up-to-date reference examines the unique behavior of utilities and provides the practical knowledge necessary to solve real-world distribution problems. Simplifying seemingly difficult concepts and calculations, Power Distribut ion Engineering addresses topics typically associated with power quality such as sags, swells, harmonics, electromagnetic fields, and stray voltage ... describes dif ferent types o f system designs and grounding as well as values for voltage, line lengths, and load and fault levels ... details the loading, construction, and rating of various transformers ...p resents methods to maximize the effectiveness of capacitor placement ... explains overcurrent and overvoltage protection of distribution systems ... evaluates utilities using economic techniques that incorporate ideas such as present worth, carrying charge, cost of losses, operating costs, and customer satisfaction ... and more. Furnishing over 425 helpful equations, tables, drawings, and photographs, P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n Engineering is an invaluable resource for electrical and electronics, utility distribution, power systems, control, protection, and relaying engineers, as well as graduate students in these disciplines. James J. Burke is the manager of Distr ibution Engineering at Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, New York, and the primary author and instructor of Power Technologies, Inc.'s distribution engineering course. The author or coauthor of over 50 technical papers, including two prize papers, and the holder of one US. patent, Burke is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and presently serves as chair of both the Working Group on Distribution Neutral Grounding and the Distribution Subcommittee. He received the BSEE degree (1965) from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and the MSlA degree (1970) in operations research f rom Union College, Schenectady, New York.

Reopening the Nuclear Option

Abstract: Working closely with utilities, nuclear industry groups, regulatory agencies, and major vendors, EPRI is supporting the design of a new generation of reactors. With new orders for baseload power plants stalled in this country, what would it take to rekindle utility interest in the nuclear option? EPRI asked the question, and utilities answered specifically. Plants must be: Simpler and have higher design margins and enhanced safety features; economically competitive with other forms of generation; standardized; prelicensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). As tall as this order may seem, four advanced light water reactors (ALWRs), all based on these utility requirements, are being designed by three major vendors, and a version of one of these plants is actually under construction in Japan. Just recently, the NRC issued final design approvals for two of the designs and also issued a favorable safety evaluation report on the EPRI Utility Requirements Document. Working closely with utilities, industry groups, and regulatory agencies, EPRI is making a key contribution to the reopening of the nuclear option.

U.S. wind reserves accessible to transmission lines

Abstract: Recent advances in wind power technology, coupled with federal incentives for deployment established as part of the 1992 Energy Policy Act, have resulted in a noticeable increase in discussions of and plans for wind power projects in many areas of the US. Good wind resources are widely distributed, but a common perception is that much of the land with good wind resources is unavailable for development because of environmental and land use restrictions. Furthermore, results of some earlier wind resource and transmission studies have contributed to the notions that the wind resources are located far from load centers and that existing transmission facilities and transmission requirements will make the development of such resources infeasible. The first issue has been addressed on a national level. As part of its ongoing work with wind resource assessment, the Wind Energy Resource Assessment team from Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL, now part of the Wind Energy Research Center at NREL) has produced estimates of the available wind resource, accounting for environmental and land use restrictions. This work builds on the PNL efforts and addresses the second issue by examining the amount of wind resource that is within a short distance of the existing transmission lines. more » The analysis was done with a geographic information system (GIS) program. Results indicate that a large amount of wind resource is near existing transmission facilities. « less

Electric Fuses [Books and Reports]

Abstract: Power System Stability: Volumes I, 11, and 111, by Edward Wilson Kimbark. An IEEE Press Classic Reissue in the IEEE Press Power Systems Engineering Series, Paul M. Anderson, Series Editor (previously published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). IEEE Press: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (908) 5623967. Softcover in slipcased 3-vol. set, 1008 pages. IEEE Order No. PP5600, ISBN 0-7803-1 135-3.

Worldwide Reliability Surveys of High Voltage Circuit Breakers

Abstract: This article reports on the results of two CIGRE 13.06 Working Group worldwide surveys of the reliability of high voltage circuit breakers, 63 kV and above. The first inquiry included 78,000 breaker-years of ``in service data`` from 102 utilities in 22 countries during the years 1974--1977 and included all interrupting technologies. The second inquiry included 70,708 breaker-years from 132 utilities in 22 countries for the years 1988--1991 and only included single-pressure SF6 breakers, because this is what most utilities are now buying. Thirty-one US utilities submitted data.

Power Electronics: Advances in the application of power electronics in generation, transmission, and distribution systems

Abstract: e are in the early stages of significant technological opportunities for electric power systems. These opportunities primarily stem from breakW throughs made in high power electronics, in both power semiconductor devices and in circuit concepts. This progress, along with breakthroughs in microelectronics, powerful computers, automation, communications, and mathematical techniques such as expert systems, artificial intelligence, and neural networks, creates a specter of rapid advances in the application of power electronics in all aspects of electric energy, i.e., generation, transmission, distribution and end use. At the heart of power electronics are a variety of silicon devices such as silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR), light triggered thyristors, gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and now, emerging devices called MOS controlled thyristors (MCT). The largest silicon-based power devices have reached a diameter of 125 m m and they are capable of switching thousands of amperes at thousands of volts. In the way that microtransistors led to microprocessors and other microelectronics circuits, which in turn enable advanced applications, power electronic devices have led to a variety of converters and controllers to control, condition, and convert electric energy that has advanced existing applications and also enabled new applications. We need power converters and controllers for:

Risks and Public Policy

Abstract: John D. Graham is widely regarded as one of the nation`s leading experts on risk analysis. A professor of policy and decision sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health, Dr. Graham also is the founding director of the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. The center promotes analytical thinking about societal responses to health, safety and environmental hazards. A prolific writer and speaker on these subjects, Dr. Graham has testified before Congress on a number of occasions. The Lamp interviewed him about this field of study and its application to public policy in the US.

Introduction to Thermodynamics [Books and Reports]

Abstract: Microstrip Circuits offers a crucial link between microwave theory and practical aspects of design, fabrication, analysis, and measurement of printed circuits and antennas. Providing a solid introduction that ranges from basic concepts to more sophisticated recent developments, this book enables newcomers to quickly gain the knowledge and insight needed to understand the specialized literature and begin independent research. After a general discussion of microstrip structures, the book presents basic theory, including electromagnetics, circuits, and transmission-line theory. This is followed by an extended discussion of specific devices, including microstrip lines, couplers and junctions, and filters and resonators. Two more chapters focus on semiconductor devices implanted on the microstrip structure, and how they may be used in amplifiers, generators, modulators, and control devices. An especially valuable feature of this book is i ts general survey of mathematical techniques for analyzing microstrip structures. Many of the methods discussed are both new and indispensable for the accurate analysis of radiation and surface waves. Another important feature is the discussion of how broadband operation can be achieved in printed antennas. An extensive bibliography is provided for readers who wish to pursue a more detailed study of the subject. Fred Gardiol received his doctorate in applied science from Louvain University, Belgium. Formerly a research and development engineer w i t h Raytheon Company’s Special Microwave Devices Operation, Gardiol has been director of the Electromagnetism and Acoustics Laboratory of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland since 1970. Professor Gardiol’s other books include Electromagnetisme and Hyperfrequences and two in English, Introduction to Microwaves and Lossy Transmission Lines. He is also the author of the software package, LOSLIN: Lossy Line Calculations, and has written more than 150 technical articles on microwave theory, loaded and open waveguides, microstrip circuits and antennas, and electromagnetic field analysis.

Energy efficiency: A hard sell

Abstract: Two decades ago, when the US was mired in an energy crisis that had Americans turning down their thermostats and waiting in long lines for gasoline, energy conservation was a way of life for many utility customers. Back then, energy efficiency in itself would have been sufficient to pique consumer interest in new technologies. Not anymore. After the Arab nations lifted their ban on oil exports to the US, the cost of oil plummeted, and Americans turned their thermostats back up and filled their gas tanks to the brim. Energy efficiency took a back seat to more immediate concerns like comfort and convenience. This article examines EPRI research on common barriers that can hinder adoption of energy-efficient technologies and suggests actions that utilities can take to overcome them.

Power Quality in India

Abstract: This article is a summary of a Faraday Memorial Lecture on the state of power quality and reliability and its impact on the pace of India`s industrial growth and development. Poor quality is hurting industrial competitiveness and therefore their efforts to become a global supplier of goods. In this information age, there is a fast growth of computer usage in industry, commerce, business, trade, finance, healthcare, etc. These sensitive electronic products need clean and consistent power from the utility, and India`s State Electricity Board and other utilities simply cannot deliver it. The users, however, are ultimately response for the health and the safe operation of their equipment. Bad power quality available in India and the clean power requirement of the Informatic infrastructure are the two unfortunate realities of today`s electronic age.

Studies on Ultrasonic Butt Welding

Abstract: Ultrasonic butt welding to join metal specimens end to end is proposed a nd studied. The author has proposed a ultrasonic spot welding with two vibration systems and this method is shown very effective for joining of thick metal plates and it becomes possible to weld about 10 mm thick aluminum plates successfully which was impossible to join by convensional ultrasonic spot welding method with one vibration system. But in the case where aluminum thickness increases over 8 mm, ultrasonic s pot welding becomes very difficult. Ultrasonic butt welding to join specimens end to end is therefore more effective than spot welding for specimens of larger thickness. Aluminum specimen plates of 10 mm thickness were successfully welded end to end with a weld strength per unit area of 90 MPa which is nearly equal to specimen strength. Also, 6 m thick aluminum and copper plates were welded successfully. The ultrasonic butt welding system was shown to be very effective to weld thick metal plates.

Power Distribution Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications [Books and Reports]

Abstract: Covering virtually all areas of distribution engineering, this thoroughly up-to-date reference examines the unique behavior of utilities and provides the practical knowledge necessary to solve real-world distribution problems. Simplifying seemingly difficult concepts and calculations, Power Distribut ion Engineering addresses topics typically associated with power quality such as sags, swells, harmonics, electromagnetic fields, and stray voltage ... describes dif ferent types o f system designs and grounding as well as values for voltage, line lengths, and load and fault levels ... details the loading, construction, and rating of various transformers ...p resents methods to maximize the effectiveness of capacitor placement ... explains overcurrent and overvoltage protection of distribution systems ... evaluates utilities using economic techniques that incorporate ideas such as present worth, carrying charge, cost of losses, operating costs, and customer satisfaction ... and more. Furnishing over 425 helpful equations, tables, drawings, and photographs, P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n Engineering is an invaluable resource for electrical and electronics, utility distribution, power systems, control, protection, and relaying engineers, as well as graduate students in these disciplines. James J. Burke is the manager of Distr ibution Engineering at Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, New York, and the primary author and instructor of Power Technologies, Inc.'s distribution engineering course. The author or coauthor of over 50 technical papers, including two prize papers, and the holder of one US. patent, Burke is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and presently serves as chair of both the Working Group on Distribution Neutral Grounding and the Distribution Subcommittee. He received the BSEE degree (1965) from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and the MSlA degree (1970) in operations research f rom Union College, Schenectady, New York.

What Does GATT Mean for IEEE PES Standards

Abstract: he General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT), is both a treaty and an organization. GATT, headquartered in Geneva, has served as the world trade modT erator for the past four decades. The recent international talks known as the Uruguay-round have led to a new treaty agreement of 123 nations that will grow a vast single world market. The U.S. Congress must enact legislation to implement this treaty, as must most of the other signatories. The governments that are signatories to GATT pledge to use international standards. The new GATT will establish the World Trade Organization ( W O ) , which will have improved dispute settlement procedures to allow aggrieved countries to raise tariffs as a defense against exclusionary trade practices that are judged to be treaty infringements. Where will this pledge to use international standards leave the independent standards developing organizations such as IEEE? Will IEEE PES standards be abandoned in favor of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Standards Organization (ISO) standards? IEEE PES standards can continue to be effective and useful in the marketplace. In some cases IEEE PES standards will be preferred. Reasons include compatibility with existing systems, stiffer quality or endurance specifications or more cost efficient criteria, ease of use or familiarity of users with lEEE/PES standards. An evolutionary shift acknowledging IEC standards import has already begun, and PES offers a good example of how the evolution to international standards can progress. The international standards referred to in GATT are those adopted by standards bodies made up of countries, bodies such as IS0 and IEC. Even though IEEE standards may be internationally accepted, our membership body is made up of individual professionals, not countries. It is important for IEEE/PES standards developers to understand that GATT refers mainly to regulations. The major impact of GATT will be on regulatory standards, that is, mandatory, not on the voluntary standards of IEEE. The agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade is the portion of GATT that deals with technical regulations and conformity assessment. Even in these areas, regulators may still have the right to set their own safety levels. Voluntary standards will be addressed in this GATT version in its code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards. This code, included as an annex to GATT, is defined as an integral part of the treaty. It addresses such issues as public notification of a period for comment on a standard in development and specifies that "an explanation why a deviation from relevant international standards is necessary." Such passages reaffirm that GATT will not mean the end of national or professional society standards. The GATT code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards was distributed to the IEEE Standards Board at its June 1994 meeting to begin the board's assessment of it. The code is brief, less than 1,200 words.