Showing papers in "Indian Journal of Horticulture in 1972"

Studies on the Physiology of Flowering and Fruit Growth in Mango (Mangifera Indica L). Vii. Naturally Occurring Auxins and Inhibitors in the Shoots of Flowering (On)1 and Vegetative (Off)2 Mango Trees

Abstract: Studies on the naturally occurring growth substances in the shoots of different mango varieties such as Dashehari and Totapuri Red Small, indicated the presence of two zones containing growth promoting substances which exhibit biological properties similar to auxins and a zone of growth inhibitor. The major zone of growth promoting activity was located at Rf 0.4–0.5 in the chromatograms of shoot extracts of both the varieties. The growth substances present at Rf 0.4–0.5 exhibited the same Rf value as IAA, in isopropanol/ammonia/water, but none of the chromogenic tests confirmed its identity with IAA. The shoots from Dashehari ‘on’ year and Totapuri Red Small trees which initiated flower buds during the experimental period, contained a higher level of the above growth promoting substances during the period of flower bud initiation than the shoots of Dashehari ‘off’ trees which remained vegetative. The chromatograms of the shoot extracts taken from Dashehari ‘on’ and

Inheritance of Some Qualitative Characters in Momordica Charantia L.

Abstract: A study on the inheritance of some qualitative characters in bittergourd or balsam pear, Momordica charantia L. revealed that (a) the green skin colour of immature fruits was monogenically dominant over the white fruit colour, (b) the dark brown seedcoat colour was dominant over the light colour in a monogenic inheritance and (c) the small size seed was completely dominant over the large size seed where one pair of genes was involved.

Variability and Correlation Studies in Bottle Gourd

Abstract: Genotypic and phenotypic variability with respect to different morphological characters which directly or indirectly bear upon yielding ability was recorded in a varietal collection of Bottle gourd. Characters like number of fruits per plant, girth of fruit and length of fruit showed high heritability values accompanied by high genetic gain, which may be attributed to considerable additive gene effects. The high estimates of these characters are indicative of the usefulness of these characters in a breeding programme for bottle gourd. Yield was also found to have significant association with the characreers having high heritability estimates, indicating thereby the possibility of success for selection in these characters.

Exploitation of Hybrid Vigour in Cucurbits

Abstract: The hybrid performance in respect of yield in 91 crosses obtained from 25 parents in bottle gourd was studied. Similarly studies were made in 57 combinations obtained from 16 parents in ridge gourd. In smooth gourd and bitter gourd 16 combinations and six combinations obtained from 12 and 13 parents respectively were observed. It is found that only one cross combination in bottle gourd (Kalyanpur-9 x Malkapur-26) and one in ridge gourd (Baroda-24 x Mulshi-33) and one in smooth gourd (Indore-6 x M.P-7) showed heterosis of considerable magnitude worth of practical exploitation. The probable reasons for manifestation of heterosis in these combinations are discussed.

Use of Growth Regulators in Rooting of Cuttings of Bougainvillea Var. Mary Palmer

Abstract: The experiment was carried out to study the response of growth regulators on root formation of Mary Palmer variety of Bougainvillea. The hardwood cuttings of the above variety were treated with different concentrations by dip method using three growth regulators. The results have clearly indicated that 1,500 ppm of IBA has given highest percentage of rooted cuttings. This is the easiest and most convenient method of propagating Mary Palmer variety of Bougainvillea over the traditional method of air-layering.

Effects of Some Regulators on the Growth and Flowering of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ram).

Abstract: Comparable rooted cuttings of chrysanthemum were treated with 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 2, 4-dichlorobenzyl tributyl phosphonium chloride,

Biochemical Changes Associated with Growth and Development of Pineapple Fruit Variety Kew II. Changes in Carbohydrate and Mineral Constituents

Abstract: Studies of changes in carbohydrate and mineral constituents during growth and development of pineapple var. Kew revealed that starch, total, non reducing and reducing sugars concentration increased upto 165 days of growth. Within the developmental period, the fruit crossed three distinct discrete physical stages viz., premature (0 to 120 days), mature (120 to 150 early and 150 to 165 late), ripe (at 165 days). At fully ripe stage, the concentration of biochemical constituents were: Starch (3.51 per cent), Total sugar (8.76 per cent), Non-reducing sugar (1.53 per cent), Reducing sugar (7.15 per cent), Dry matter (10.60 per cent), Ash (0.41 per cent), Nitrogen (57.2 mg/100 g), Phosphorus (1.48 mg/100 g), Potassium (220 mg/100 g), Calcium (53 mg/100 g), Magnesium (64 mg/100 g) and Iron (0.7 mg/100 g).

Studies on Nutritional Status of Trees and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Relation To Granulation in Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis Osbeck)

Abstract: Mineral status of the granulated and non-granulated trees showed that in the leaves of granulated trees the percentage of calcium and boron was significantly higher than in the leaves of non-granulated trees. However, the values for phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese and boron were significantly lower in the granulated trees.

Evaluation of Vinifera Varieties for Genotypic and Phenotypic Variability

Abstract: A diverse collection of 30 grape varieties was evaluated at Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar with regard to some growth characters following pruning and a number of fruit characters, related to yield and quality. The variability of the material was assessed from the estimates of range, mean, standard deviation of mean, phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability, heritability (broad sense) and expected genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean. The variability was rather poor for growth characters studied as also for fruit characters like number of seeds in 20 berries, percentage of juice and looseness index. But a high amout of variability was present with regard to yield per plant, average bunch weight, 50-berry weight, weight of seeds of 20 berries, sugar/acid ratio and total number of bunches per vine. A wide scope for improving these traits is indicated. The contents of T.S.S., acidity and sugar/acid ratio showed a high interaction variance between genotype and developmental stages, thus indicating necessity to conduct quality test at different time intervals with individual genotypes.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Set, Fruit Drop and Quality of Saharanpur Special Variety of Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi Macf.)

Abstract: Present investigations on Saharanpur Special grapefruit revealed that GA (500, 750 add 1000 ppm) and 2, 4-D (7.5, 10 and 20 ppm) had substantially increased the fruit set. All the plant regulators except 2, 4, 5-T (10 ppm) reduced the June-drop. However, maximum reduction was obtained with GA (500–750 ppm) C1PA 75 ppm) 2, 4, 5-T (7.5 ppm) and 2, 4-D (10 ppm). Besides, GA (100, 750 and 1000 ppm) C1PA (100 ppm) 2, 4-D (7.5 ppm) and 2, 4, 5-T (20 ppm) retained maximum fruits against the pre-harvest drop. Gibberellic acid treatments increased the fruit size significantly over other treatments. However, the internal quality was poor comparatively. There was not much of effect on quality except C1PA (50, 75 and 100 ppm), 2, 4-D (5 and 7.5 ppm) and 2, 4, 5-T (7.5 and 20 ppm) increased the sugar and vitamin C contents.

Optimum Maturity and Harvesting Time of Mangoes Var. Baneshan Part II. Physico-Chemical Components of Fruit Vs. Maturity

Abstract: The principal components of the mango fruit (var. Baneshan), namely, peel, flesh and seed, and moisture, total solids, alcohol-insoluble solids, Brix solids, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars, pH, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid in fruit flesh were investigated besides visual flesh colour, in an attempt to discover useful guides to fruit maturity. All the constituents studied other than the three physical components, soluble solids, total sugars and reducing sugars revealed patterns of change which paralleled the progress of maturation of the fruit. Quantitative values of the characteristics associated with mature fruits which ripened to satisfaction are indicated. Based on the results reported now and on the work published earlier which formed part of this study, it is suggested that the optimum stage of maturity and time for harvesting Baneshan mangoes in Kodur area can be predicted long in advance with the aid of the date of peak bloom and the cumulative heat units from that date, and finally determined by close-range physico-chemical analyses of the fruit and examination of flesh colour starting from about the fourth week of May.

Inheritance of Some Fruit Characters in Musk-Melon

Abstract: Inheritance studies in two musk-melon crosses, Hara Madhu X Japenese Cantaloupe and Hara Madhu X New Melon were conducted during the year 1969–70 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Colour of rind, colour of flesh and juiciness showed monogenic control with dominance of green rind over yellow, white flesh over green flesh and less juicy flesh over juicy. Absence of sutures was controlled by two pairs of dominant genes with the complementary and supplementary relationship.

Biochemical Changes Associated with Growth and Development of Pineapple Variety Kew. I. Changes in Physico-Chemical Constituents

Abstract: Studies on physico-chemical changes of pineapple fruit (var. Kew) during growth and development revealed that length, diameter and weight increased upto 165 days of growth. The fruit shape determined by length ratio and taper ratio was maximum at ripe stage being 1.5 and 0.96 respectively signifying an excellent shape for canning purposes. External colour of the developing fruit changed from pink at flowering to yellow at maturity. Total soluble solids (16.5 per cent) and acidity (0.77 per cent expressed as citric acid) increased with maturity but T.S.S./acidity ratio (21.2) decreased at the mature stage.

Inheritance of Quantitative Characters in Muskmelon

Abstract: Studies were conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to investigate the inheritance of total yield, total soluble solids (T. S. S.) percentage, earliness, number of fruits per plant and flesh thickness in the crosses Hara Madhu x New Melon and Hara Madhu x Japaness Cantaloupe. It was observed that for total yield and earliness, the dominance variance ‘was more prevalent than the additive variance. Over dominance for both the characters was also observed. For T. S. S. content, number of fruits per plant and flesh thickness partial dominance was observed and also the additive gene variance was of sufficient magnitude to suggest that appreciable progress in the improvement of these characters could be achieved by selection among progenies. Medium to high estimates of heritability are rather encouraging because the population can be subjected to early selection and later on one may resort to progeny selection and any other suitably modified procedures.

Studies on Granulation in Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis Osbeck)—Iv—Physical Characteristics of Granulated and Non-Granulated Fruits*

Abstract: Physical difference between granulated and non-granulated fruits showed that the percentage of deshaped fruits increased with an increased intensity of granulation. With an increase in the intensity of granulation, fruit colour was found to change from orange to greenish yellow. Rind percentage increased but juice percentage decreased with an increase in the intensity of granulation. Pulp/Rag ratio registered a slight increase in the initial stages of granulation, but there was a significant decrease in 3/4th and fully granulated fruits with the advanced maturity of the fruit. Specific gravity decreased progressively with an increase in the intensity of granulation. These differences are sumarized in Table 3.

Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Berry Enlargement, Cluster Compactness and Yield of Pusa Seedless Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.)

Abstract: Gibberellin application was tried at bloom and post bloom stages in Pusa Seedless grape. The clusters elongated and their looseness of clusters was increased at bloom stage application. Berry size was not increased as much as in case of post-bloom application. However, bunch length did not increase much and cluster compactness was increased to an undesirable degree at post bloom application. Maximum berry enlargement was observed when GA application was made at 5–6 days after full bloom. It was found that single application of GA, either at bloom or at post-bloom stage, was not enough to bring both the desirable results i.e., looseness in the clusters and maixmum berry enlargement.

Response of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) To the Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on the Sandy-Loam Soils of Hissar

Abstract: Factorial experiments with three levels of nitrogen (56, 112 and 168 kg/ha two levels of phosphorus (28 and 56 kg/ha P2O5) and two levels of potassium (0 and 28 kg/ha K2O) were conducted for three successive years from 1968–1970 at the Vegetable Research Station of the Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, on sandy-loam soils. Maximum bulb size and yield were recorded with a combination of 112 kg/ha nitrogen, 56 kg/ha P2O5 and 28 kg/ha of K2O. This treatment was also found to be most economical on the basis of net returns per hectare.

Effect of Maleic Hydrazide and Apical Nipping on Okra

Abstract: A comparative study on the effect of different concentrations of MH sprays and apical nipping at two growth stages on the growth and yield characters on okra was made. The MH sprays and nippings affected the growth of the plants, and it was more pronounced in treatment after 20 days of sowing. The nipped plants have maximum number of laterals and also some concentrations of MH were able to increase it significantly. The treatments delayed the flowering time and some concentrations of MH sprays had increased the yield significantly. Further investigations in the matter is recommended, since the negligible cost of the MH sprays may increase the yield considerably.

Effect of Different Chemicals on Germination of Strawberry Seeds1

Abstract: An investigation was carried out to find out chemicals to improve germination of Pusa Early Dwarf strawberry. The germination of seeds at room temperature (31–33°C) was 31.5 per cent. Treating the seeds with 0.25 per cent nitric acid resulted in the highest germination (58.5 per cent) followed by 24 hours soaking of seeds in hydrogen peroxide (55.5 per cent) out of 19 treatments.

Effect of Different Mulching Treatments on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Tomato (Var. Sioux)*

Abstract: Different mulches like black polythene, saw dust and grass reduced the Actuations in soil temperature at 4 1/2" depth and retained more moisture than un-mulched plots. Black polythene retained more moisture over the rest of the mulches. Weeds were supressed to certain extent, black polythene was more efficient in this respect. The different mulching treatments did not have any effect on the growth of the plant but yields were significantly increased. Ridge and flat bed planting did not show any significant difference in soil properties, on weed control, growth of the plant, and yield of tomato.

Effect of Nutrition and Irrigation on Radish Seed Production

Abstract: A factorial experiment was conducted at Ludhiana during the year 1967–68 on the seed production of radish. Treatments consisting of 3 levels of irrigation (30, 45 and 60 per cent moisture depletion), two levels of nitrogen (100 and 200 kg/ha), and two levels of phosphorus (50 and 100 kg/ha) were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The planting material consisted of roots of variety

Performance of Some Grafted Varieties of Ber (Zizyphus Mauritian A Lamk.) in Punjab

Abstract: Performance of 35 varieties of ber collected at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Bahadurgarh has been studied by their physico-chemical analysis and yield records. Many varieties showed promising characteristics with respect to fruit quality and yield. Varieties Seo, Sanaur No. 2 and Umran are recommended as early, mid-season and late varieties respectively for commercial cultivation. All these varieties can stand transportation very well. For local markets, however, varieties Nazuk and Kaithli an early and mid-season varieties respectively are recommended. These varieties cannot stand long distance transport well. Variety Illaichi is recommended for home gardens being excellent in quality. Variety Chhuara can be sundried and Umran is excellent for candy making.

Effect of Growth Regulating Substances on the Control of Flowering and Fruit Setting in Sweet Cherry Cultivar Black Heart

Abstract: The experiments conducted on low fruit setting sweet cherry cultivar Black Heart at the orchard of Regional Fruit Research Station, Mashobra, (H.P.) with growth regulators revealed that 8.83 per cent increased fruit set over control was obtained with NAA at 100 ppm concentration in 1966 and 28.67 and 27.83 per cent fruit retention was observed at two weeks after pea stage at 60 ppm NAA during 1967 and 1968. At maturity NAA or GA showed no significant effect on fruit retention or on the average weight, size and volume of fruit and seed weight. Gibberel-lic acid at 100 ppm delayed the flower bud opening in the next season of growth, which avoided frost damage of flowers and showed an increased fruit set in the year 1969 and 1970.

Accumulation of Amino Acids and Organic Acids in Apple and Pear Fruits Under Controlled Atmosphere Storage Conditions and Certain Associated Changes in Metabolic Processes

Abstract: Carbon dioxide evolution was lower and amino and organic acid accumulation was higher in the CA- stored fruits, whereas total and reducing sugars were not significantly different from fruit stored in conventional (refrigeration) storage. It is likely that CA decreased the synthesis of protein that resulted in a diminished activity of the enzyme (s) concerned with CO2 evolution and organic acid utilization.

Growth Regulator Effects on Seed Treated Brinjal Plants (Solanum Melongena L.) With Relation To the Vegetative Development

Abstract: A pot culture experiment with GA, CCC, MH having 0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm concentrations was carried out with Brinjal (Solatium melongena) variety kuliposh. GA treated plants enhanced the germination of the seeds and stimulated growth significantly than CCC, MH and control, while CCC and MH treated planted significantly increased the stem thickness. GA and CCC increased the leaf number while MH decreased it. CCC and MH increased leaf thickness and leaf area significantly. GA extended the internodal length whereas CCC and MH reduced it forming a compact plant. It is also observed that MH and CCC could influence to increase the number of branches per plant while CCC and GA significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of the shoots and roots. However, the effect of these chemicals on the leniar growth of the roots was not significant.