Showing papers in "Indian Journal of Horticulture in 1974"

Effect of Growth Regulators and Mist on Rooting in Stem Cuttings of Plum (Prunus Domestica L.)

Abstract: The studies were conducted on the effect of some growth regulators and mist on rooting in stem cuttings of ‘Santa Rosa’ plum. IBA and NAA were applied singly and in equal combinations at the concentrations of 1,000 2,500, 5,000 and 7,500 ppm. Two seasons of planting and mist versus without mist were also compared. IBA at 1,000 ppm proved to be the best treatment with respect to rooting (25.77 per cent against 0 in control), number of primary roots and length and diameter of the longest root. IBA also proved superior over NAA or IBA + NAA. The beneficial effect of growth regulators decreased with their increasing concentrations. Mist proved superior over without mist while December planting proved superior over November planting.

Blossom Bud Differentiation and Ontogeny in L1Tchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.)

Abstract: The blossom bud dfferentiation started in the month of December and by January it was complete on two varieties of litchi studied. The development of the different floral part took place in an acropetal succession.

Mode of Survival of Isariopsis Griseola Sacc. the Causal Agent of Angular Leaf Spot of Beans

Abstract: Under the conditions at Solan Isariopsis griseola mainly over winters on host debris through stromata. The disease was also found to be seed borne and this formed one of the primary sources of inoculum to new localities. The actual seat of infection on the seeds was found to be hilum cavity where profuse mycelial growth comprising of conidiophores and conidia was observed. The macrosclereids were not infected. The fungus was isolated from seeds extracted from diseased pods of different varieties.

Studies on Anthracnose Disease of Cucurbits Caused By Colletotrichum Lagenarium (Pass.) Ell. & Halst. and Its Conrol

Abstract: A serious outbreak of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lagenariwn (Pass.) Ell. and Halst was noticed at Bangalore during the months of July to October. The infection was observed on leaves, stems, fruits and tendrils of snakegourd (Tricho-santhes anguina L), ashgourd (Benincasa hispida Thunb. & Cogn), tinda or round-melon (Citrullus vulgaris var. fistulosus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. and Mansf.), bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol and Standi.) Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) and cucumber (C. sativus L.).

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Seed Yield of Sweet Pepper Capsicum Annuum L.

Abstract: The effect of different doses of nitrogen and P2O5 on number of days required to flowering, plant height, number of branches, number of fruits per plant and seed yield of sweet pepper variety Yolo Wonder were studied at Indian Agricultural Research Institute Vegetable Research Station, Katrain, Kulu Valley during the year 1970 and 1971. The highest dose of nitrogen and P2O5 in combination, considerably reduced the number of days required to flowering. P2O5 alone induced early flowering. Minimum days required for flowering were observed with 187.5 kg of P2O5. Nitrogen doses increased the number of days required for flowering. The number of branches, number of fruits per plant and seed yield were significantly increased by higher doses of nitrogen and P2O5. The present study revealed that 250 kg/ha of nitrogen and P2O5 each induced early flowering i. e. within 44.60 and 36.93 days after planting in both the years. For maximising the seed yield in sweet pepper 250 kg/ha of nitrogen and P2O5 each is essential. This increase in yield was due to increase in number of fruits as well as early maturity.

Studies on the Effect of Time of Sowing and Age of Seedlings on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium Cepa L.)1

Abstract: An investigation was conducted at the Experiment Station, U. P. Agricultural University, Pantnagar during 1964–65 to determine the suitable sowing time and the age of seedlings for transplanting of Pusa Red onion. The maximum growth of leaf, root and bulb:of onion was obtained when sown on October, 16. The growth progressively decreased with further delay in sowing. This time of sowing gave the highest bulb yield on fresh weight (431.89 q/ha) as well as on dry weight basis. The dry weight percentage of bulbs progressively increased as the sowings were delayed. Transplanting of 5 and 6 weeks old seedlings showed better leaf and root growth as compared to 4 and 7 weeks old seedlings. The length and diameter of bulb were not affected by the age of seedlings, but bulbs from 7 weeks old seedlings were significantly lighter than from the younger ones. Medium aged seedlings (5–6 weeks old) showed significantly lower dry weight percentage as compared to 4 and 7 weeks old ones. The bulb yield did not differ significantly due to different ages of the seedlings.

Flowering and Fruiting in the Three Cropping Patterns of Guava

Abstract: In guava, three flowering periods viz., summer, rain, and autumn, were observed under Delhi conditions. Among the three flowering seasons of the whole year cropping pattern, maximum flowers were borne during summer season. Since summer, the season of heaviest flowering was involved in the rainy season as well as in the whole year cropping pattern, both of them, without differing from each other, produced significantly more flowers than the winter season cropping pattern.

Evaluation of Muskmelon (Cucumis Melo L.) Accessions and Cucumis Callosus (Rottl) Cogn for Resistance To the Fruit Fly (Dacus Cucurbitae C.)1

Abstract: Sixtynine muskmelon accessions were screened for resistance to D. cucurbitae. While nine of the accessions was found resistant, 7 accessions were susceptible and the rest highly susceptible to the fruit fly. However, Cucumis callosus a wild melon was highly resistant in the preliminary and confirmatory screening tests. In view of its high resistance to the fruit fly and crossability with the cultivars, C. callosus is likely to prove valuable in breeding melons resistant to D. cucurbitae.

Development of Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee at Certain Temperatures

Abstract: In the present study the temperature played an important role to influence incubation period, pupal period and Life span of adults of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee but the larval period was not much affected, because the larvae live within the fruits and the range of temperatures was not wide. The eggs did not hatch below 15°C and adults did not emerge when pupae were kept at 10°C. The pupal period slightly increased at 15°C in comparison to that on 27°C.

Effect of Ccc and Tiba on Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Indicum Linn)

Abstract: The present investigations were made to study the effect of CCC and TIBA on two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum Linn.) varieties viz., White and Yellow at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results indicated that TIBA at all the concentrations showed increase in plant height, while the dwarfing effect of CCC was not observed in either of the varieties. In the variety White, CCC at 15000 ppm and TIBA at all concentrations significantly increased the flower diameter while in Yellow all the concentrations decreased the flower size. In all the treatments except TIBA at 400 ppm the yield was reduced in both the varieties. All the concentrations of CCC and TIBA induced earlier flowering than control in cultivar White, while in Yellow all the treatments registered late flowering.

Biochemical Changes Associated with Growth and Development of Grape Var. Bangalore Blue

Abstract: Pre-harvest Biochemical changes in grape var. Bangalore blue was studied for fixing the maturity standard of this fruit. The physico-chemical constituents viz., length, volume, weight, acidity, carbohydrate, vitamin C, minerals, anthocyanin and tannin content were studied at certain intervals from seven days after flowering to mature stage. During the growth and development the average length, diameter, volume and weight of berry increased. The berries were green at early stages and developed a deep blue colour at the mature stage. The extraction of this pigment with acidic methanol revealed its absorption maxima at 540 μ and the optical density was highest at the mature stage. Acidity of the developing fruits increased upto 48 days of berry growth and then started decreasing. The concentration of vitamin C was in trace amount at early stages and it was 1 mg per 100 gm fruit at mature stage. T. S. S. increased with berry development. The concentration of tannin was also in the increasing order with maturity. At mature stage the concentration of total, reducing and non-reducing sugars were found to be 6.2, 3.6 and 2.5 per cent respectively, whereas the concentration of sucrose, glucose and fructose were 2.3, 3.0 and 0.5 per cent respectively. The concentration of calcium, magnesium and potassium decreased with maturity and the content of iron and phosphorus remained more or less constant throughout development. The grape var. Bangalore blue should be harvested after 90 days of flowering to obtain optimum mature and quality fruits under Bangalore conditions.

Studies on Nutrition of Pineapple Iii. Effect of Varying Levels of Npk on Leaf Nutrient Status in Var. Kew in High Fertility Soil

Abstract: A field trial conducted to determine the response of pineapple (var. Kew) to NPK application in a 33 confounded factorial design in a soil of high fertility status was utilised for the study of the relationship between NPK application and leaf nutrient contents at various stages of growth. The analysis were done at 5th, 8th and 11th month after planting. In the 5th and 8th months, application of N, P and K was not clearly reflected in the leaf nutrient contents. In the 11th month sampling however, there were significant increases in leaf N, P and K corresponding to N, P and K applications.

Chemical Composition of Sweet Orange Leaves (Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck) As Affected By Foliar Applications of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe Alone and Their Combinations-Variety Pineapple

Abstract: To study the effect of different micro-nutrient sprays on leaf composition, a field experiment was conducted on 4-year old Pineapple variety of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Abohar. Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe sprays alone or different combinations of Cu, Mn and Fe with Zn increased the leaf concentration of the respective elements by 2 to 7 times without decreasing the other element appreciably. This suggested that there was no antagonism amongst different micro-nutrients when applied as foliar sprays.

Growth-Promoting and Growth-Inhibiting Substances in Developing Fruits of Biennial and Regular Bearing Varieties of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.)*

Abstract: Studies on changes in the level of auxins and inhibitors in regular and biennial bearing varieties during fruit growth indicate a high level of both types of substances in the early stages of fruit growth. While the inhibitor might be involved in fruit drop, the auxins appear to be important in the development of the fruit. The period of rapid fruit growth was associated with the period of maximum activity of auxins. The level of both types of substances was higher in the fruits of regular bearing varieties than those of biennial bearing one. There was no difference in the trend of changes in the level of auxins and inhibitors in biennial and regular bearing varieties.

Results of Rootstock Trials on Mandarin (Citrus Reticulata Blanco) in Coorg

Abstract: In this paper the results of three rootstock trials for Coorg mandarin laid out during 1955, 1956 and 1961 at Citrus Die-Back Station, Gonicoppal and have been presented.

Chemical Evaluation of Some Promising Varieties of Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)

Abstract: The chemical composition of seven promising varieties of brinjal was studied. There was an appreciable varietal variation in both water-soluble and cell-wall carbohydrates, minerals and ascorbic acid. The variation in the free-reducing sugars and ascorbic acid was from 0.67 to 1.49 per cent and 11.87 to 18.45 mg/100 g, respectively. The true protein content varied from 0.56 to 0.81 per cent. PPC, which gave the lowest yield, contained the maximum concentration of total water-soluble carbohydrates, total minerals, calcium and iron. S1 and S5 gave very high yields but were poor in the various vital food constituents. In an overall comparison amongst the varieties studied, PPL contained the maximum concentration of free-reducing sugars and ascorbic acid, a fairly higher concentration of total water-soluble carbohydrates, iron and a reasonably lower concentration of unavailable carbohydrates.

Response of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis Osbeck.) Plants To Zinc, Urea and Dbcp.

Abstract: Blood Red, Mosambi and Washington Navel sweet orange trees were treated with 0.5 per cent ZnSO4, 1 per cent urea and DBCP separately and in combinations with a view to evaluate their effects on chlorosis, shoot growth, nematode population, yield and quality of fruits during 1968 and 1969. The studies revealed that the percentage chlorosis was significantly lower and extension shoot growth was significantly increased in trees sprayed with zinc singly or in combination with urea and DBCP as compared to trees treated with DBCP or urea or control. Tylenchulus semipenetrans was observed to be highest in number among the total nematode population. In these studies the nematode did not play any important role in the chlorosis of sweet orange trees. Zinc treatments improved the average yield as number, weight and diameter of fruits over control. In general, there was no significant difference in average yield in trees treated with urea, DBCP when compared to control. The difference in juice contents, total soluble solids and total acidity were considered relatively small among various treatments.

The Yield Response of Onion To N, P and K Fertilizers

Abstract: A fertilizer trial on onion (Allium cepa L.) was conducted with 2 levels of nitrogen (N0-no nitrogen, N1-56.05 kg N/ha), 2 levels of phosphate (P0-no phosphate; P1-56.05 kg P2O5/ha) and 2 levels of potash (K0-no potash; K1-56.05 kg K2O/ha) in the Noncalcareous Dark Grey Floodplain series of Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh. The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased the onion yield.

Experiments with Growth Retardants on Dahlia

Abstract: B-Nine proved very effective in retarding the height of Dahlia and developing well-shaped plants in pots. Among the three concentrations viz., 2,500 5,000 and 10,000 ppm, the highest concentration caused maximum retardation. Two foliar applications at the vegetative stage showed greater inhibition of plant height than treatment at other stages of growth. B-Nine at 10,000 ppm markedly suppressed the height of 15 varieties of Dahlia and the percentage of retardation varied from 17.4 to 64.7, compared to the height of control plants. The leaves of the treated plants were smaller in size, stiffer and darker green in colour. Treatment with B-Nine also improved the size of the flower, increased the number of florets and the flower remained fresh for a longer period on short and stout stalk. The retardant was also effeative in suppressing the height of pinched plants.

Additional Vectors of ‘Katte’ Disease of Small Cardamom*

Abstract: In addtion to the banana aphid, other aphids like Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladi, Aphis nerii, Macrosiphum sonchi, Greenidia artocarpi and Aphis gossypii were found naturally infesting cardamom. Laboratory experiments were conducted to find out the efficiency of the above aphids with other aphids in the transmission of Katte disease. The aphids Pentalonia nigronervosa, f. caladi, P. nigronervosa. Macrosiphum pisi, Greenidia artocarpi, Schizaphis graminum, Aphis gossypii (Commelina strain), Schizaphis cyperi, Aphis nerii, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii (Bhindi strain), (Macrosiphum rosaeformis, M. sonchi, Brachycaudus helichrysi and Aphis rumicis transmitted Katte to varying extents.

Effect of Storage of Dioscorea Floribunda Tubers on Sprouting

Abstract: The tuber pieces of Dioscorea floribunda except the crown portions normally take 100 to 110 days for sprouting. Direct planting of these tuber portions in the field immediately after harvest involves avoidable expenditure on irrigation and weeding etc. The results of these experiments indicate that part of time taken by them for sprouting can be spent in storage heaps. The tubers should be made into 40 to 50 gram pieces stored in sand under shade and watered regularly. The crown portions may be stored for 15 to 20 days, medians and tip portions for 60 days and then planted in the field. Storage of whole tubers is not advisable as it delays the subsequent sprouting of the cut tuber pieces made from them at the time of planting in the field.

Studies on the Floral Characters of Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.) Varieties

Abstract: All the varieties studied, were observed to bear both solitary flowers and cymes, but the solitary flowers were more frequent in Talla and Islampuri. Shingnath produced highest number of flowers per inflorescence. Long styled types of flowers were maximum in the solitary flowers of all the varieties. Only Ishurdi 1 and Black Beauty had short styled types in the solitary flowers while others had only long styled and medium styled flowers. In the flowers samples of all kinds (solitary and cymes) the varieties bearing higher percentage of solitary flowers had maximum number of long styled flowers. The number of calyx lobes, corolla lobes and stamens were invariably in equal number in the same flowers of all the varieties. Number of floral parts were either same as the normal (calyx lobes-5, corolla lobes-5, stamens-5 and stigmatic lobes-2) or in excess but never less. Average circumference of fully developed solitary flower buds varied with the varieties.

Effect of Different Soil Management Practices on Conservation of Soil Moisture and Growth and Fruiting of Lemon (Citrus Limon Burm).

Abstract: In a soil management experiment on lemon (var. Gandharaj) conducted at Mohanpur in West Bengal, significantly higher soil moisture content and root growth were obtained under sod mulch and clean cultivation-cum-mulch. Elongation of shoot was significantly greater under clean cultivation-cum-mulch than under sod, clean cultivation and sod mulch. Clean cultivation and sod mulch also produced significantly longer shoots than sod. Significantly larger number of leaves per shoot was produced by clean cultivation-cum-mulch, clean cultivation and sod mulch than by sod.

Studies on the Performance of Rose Varieties on Different Rootstocks

Abstract: Rosa indica var. odorata—a new rose understock proved better than all the commonly used understocks in India namely Rosa bourboniana—Edouard (non-flowering type), Rosa bourboniana—Baramasi (flowering type Edouard) and Rosa multiflora (a form of briar), under Delhi conditions, with regard to rooting of cuttings, bud-take and plant vigour and flower production in budded plants. It was observed to be more tolerant to powdery mildew disease and also gave longer life to the plants.