Showing papers in "Indian Journal of Horticulture in 1988"

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Fenugreek

Abstract: The divergent germplasm comprising of fiftteen cultivars of fenugreek was studied with regard to characters, such as green yield, days to flowering, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area seed yield, number of pods, pod length, thousand seed weight, total dry matter and number of shoots. Variability for all these characters except thousand seed weight was highly significant. Heritability in broad sense was highest for the character days to flowering (88 per cent). Genetic gain was the highest for the character seed yield per plant (38 per cent). Correlation co-efficient for green yield was the highest with number of shoots per plant (0.93). The path analysis revealed maximum contribution towards green yield through direct effects of numbet of shoots per plant (1.05). The higher number of shoots per plant was the single most imporrant character contributing towards green yield and seed yield in fenugreek. Cultivar UM-50 excelled all other cultivars in its superiority both for green and seed yield.

Studies on the Efficacy of Organic Vs Inorganic Form of Nitrogen in Brinjal

Abstract: A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen on the growth and yield of brinjal Cv. MDU. I. The results have indicated that substrate application of half N(50 kg) as poultry manure and half N (50 kg) as urea increased the dry matter and uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. There was also higher plant height. The plants supplied with inorganic form of N showed early flowering when compared to organic sources or their combination. The highest yield of 51.03 t/ha of fruits was recorded by the plants supplied with 50 kg N as poultry manure and 50 kg N as urea followed by plants supplied with 50 kg N as pig manure and 50 kg as urea (45.80 t/ha).

Studies on the Effect of Organic Vs Inorganic Source of Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus)

Abstract: A study was carried out to find out the efficacy of nitrogen of both organic and inorganic sources on growth, quality and yield of okra cultivar Pusa Sawani.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in Onion

Abstract: Eight inbred lines of onion with their 28 Fi hybrids derived from a diallel cross (excluding reciprocals) were studied for correlation and path analysis. There was a positive and highly significant phenotypic correlation between yield and its main contributing characters viz., bulb weight, bulb diameters (both horizontal and vertical) and plant height. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the bulb weight had the highest direct effects on the yield followed by bulb diameter (horizontal). The selection on the basis of three characters viz, bulb weight, bulb diameter (horizontal) and total soluble solids (T.S S.) will be most useful for the breeder to increase the yield and improve the dehydration and storage qualities in onion.

Effect of Various Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Abstract: Response of chilli variety Pant C-l to different levels of nitrogen (0, 60,90 and 120 kg/ha) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60 kg P2O5/ha) was studied on a sandy loam soil, during summer season of 1983 at the Horticultural Research Centre, Patharchatta, Pantnagar The mean plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weights of root and shoot, number and weight of fruits per plant, fruit length and diameter flesh content, yield of red ripe fruits and nitrogen and phosphorus content in fruit and plants, all were significantly higer in 120 kg N/ha The application of phosphorus pid not show significant effect on vegetative growth characters but number and weight of fruits per plant, total yield and N and P accumulation in plant were affected significantly The combination of N120P60 resulted in maximum yield and also proved most economic,

Studies on Extension of Storage Life of Sapota (Achras Sapota L.)

Abstract: Experimental results indicated that all the treatments gave better response regarding extension of storage life. Sapota fruits kept in polyethylene bags with permanganate-silica gel at 10–12°C, could be stored well upto 18 days with minimum spoilage (30 per cent) while other treatments were not responsive after 12 days of storage. Fruits kept at 10–12°C, fruits kept in polyethylene bags with permanganate-silica gel at room temperature and frutts treated wiih NAA 50 ppm and then coated with paraffin wax 6 per cent retained better marketable quality during the storage period of 12 days as compared toothers. Untreated fruits recorded centpercent spoilage on the 9th day of storage.

Ripening Pattern of Specific Gravity Graded Dashehari Mangoes

Abstract: ‘Dashehari’ mango fruits were harvested and then graded into three specific gravity grades viz. less than 1.0 (Gr. I), 1.0 to 1.02 (Gr. II) and more than 1.02 (Gr. III). The fruits of Gr. I were the biggest while Gr. III the smallest The fruits were ripened under ambient conditions (29–35°C and 75–65 per cent R. H.) and evaluated for various storage attributes upto 11 days. It was observed that the Gr. III fruits ripened the earliest within 5 days and their shelf life was less as compared to the fruits of Gr. I and Gr. II. Grade I mangoes ripened with better quality and shelf life and retained some marketability even after 11 days of storage. The development of carotenoids and rate of depletion of starch was rather slow in Gr. I fruits and so was senescence as compared to Gr. II and Gr III fruits So, Dashehari mangoes with specific gravity more than one do not have any advantage rather are prone to higher PLW, senescence and other losses. Finally Tapka stage may be considered an unavoidable late stage rather than initiation of harvesting.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Variability in Gladiolus

Abstract: Sixty varieties of gladiolus were used to study the genotypic variability for 20 characters. Heritability estimates and genetic advance were higher for the characters like number of carmels produced per plant. Heritability in number of shoots per plant and number of cormels produced per plant attributed to additive gene effects. Thus selection based on these characters will be very effective for the improvement of this crop.

Differential Response of Chemicals on Sex Modification of Three Genera of Cucurbits

Abstract: Studies on sex-expression and sex-ratio in cucumber, watermelon and bottle gourd were carried out. It was observed that Ethrel at 50 and 100 ppm induced the first pistillate flower earlier and at lower nodes both in cucumber and bottle gourd, whereas, in watermelon, it delayed the appearance of female flowers as compared to the control. Boron 2 ppm proved to be the best for early induction of female flowers in watermelon Ethrel 50 ppm, Ethrel 100 ppm and boron 2 ppm produced the lowest sex ratio in cucumber, bottle gourd and watermelon, respectively. It is evident that the action of sex modifying chemicals differs in the genus citrullus from Cucumis and Legenaria

Studies on the Foliar Application of Nutrients and Plant Growth Regulators in Sardar Guava (Psid1Um Guajava L.) I-Effect on Yield and Fruit Quality

Abstract: The fruits of maximum size were obtained with the application of urea + ZnSO4 + ethrel + NAA. However, the spraying of borax or K2SO4 proved equally effective. The fruit weight was maximum with borax treatment. The fruit yield was highest with the application of borax + ethrel + NAA. However, the spraying of urea or borax proved equally effective in this respect. The highest cost: benefit ratio of 1: 43.46 was obtained with the spraying of borax followed by 1: 42.06 with urea application. The TSS and sugars in fruits were highest under K2SO4 treatment. However, application of urea or borax proved equally effective. The maximum reduction in the acidity content of fruits was found under urea + ethrel treatment. It was followed by borax application. The plants treated with borax produced the fruits with maximum ascorbic acid content. The pectin content of fruits was not affected by treatments. It may be concluded that the application of borax (0.2 per cent) or urea (2 per cent) proved to be of practical importance because of their beneficial effects on yield and physico-chemical character of fruits with higher cost: benefit ratio.

Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Plant Growth Regulators on the Storage of Allahabad Safeda Guava

Abstract: Effect of Calcium nitrate. NAA and GA3 on the storage life of Allahabad Safeda guava was studied. Lower concentration of Calcium nitrate (] per cent) and higher concentration of NAA (100 ppm) and GA:; (40 ppm) were effective in minimizing the loss in weight, reduced the iate of respiration, rot percentage and finally maintained the edible quality and marketability of fruits for more than 6 days by delaying the onset of senescence during stoiage. However, 1 per cent Calcium nitrate was always found more effective than NAA and GA3. Treatment with 1 per cent Calcium nitrate + 100 ppm NAA showed beneficial effects in prolonging the storage life of fruits as compared to remaining combinational treatments. The untreated fruits remained in acceptable conditions only for 3 day.

Field Performance of in Vitro Raised Papaya Plants

Abstract: The In vitro papaya plants showed more leaf area, more number of stomata per unit area, more number of leaves per plant, more stem diameter and higher rate of photosynthesis and precosity after they were transplanted in the field. In vitro raised plants also produced more number of fruits (1.5 times) as compared to seedlings. The average yield of fruits borne by tissue culture plants was 1.5 times more than the fruits borne by seedlings. The in vitro plants showed totipotency with regard to the expression of sex (pistillate explant yielded only pistillate plants). The established tn vitro plants erew uniformlv in the field.

Response of Cabbage To Plant Spacing, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels

Abstract: A study was made on the influence of plant spacing (45 × 30, 45 × 45 and 45 × 60 cm), levels of nitrogen (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/ha) and phosphorus (30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) on the yield and its attributes of the cabbage variety Pride of India on sandy loam soils at Ranchi during the years 1984–85 and 1985–86. The closest spacing 45 × 30 produced significantly higher number of marketable heads which, resulted in highest yield in both the years. The head weight was maximum at 45 × 60 cm spacing. Nitrogen application at 180 kg per ha significantly increased the yield and number of marketable heads. Application of phosphorus at 60 kg P2O5 per ha recorded the highest yield, average head weight and number of heads per hectare.

Varietal Screening in Cauliflower Against Boron Deficiency

Abstract: Eight varieties of cauliflower Snowball group were screened their tolerance to boron deficiency under Ranchi soil conditions. All the varieties tested extremes in their susceptibility to boron deficiency. Sel. 5 and Pusa Snowball gave the maximum yields without boron application. Significant response was observed in all the varieties tested, for boron application. Even though all the varieties responded significantly, the maximum response to boron was observed in Pusa Snowball K-l followed by Kt-16.

Combining Ability Analysis in Watermelon (C1Trullus Lanatus Thunb. Mansf.)

Abstract: Combining ability studies were conducted on watermelon at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to isolate desirable cross combinations for yield and maturity characters. Both additive and non-additive type of gene effects were observed to be operative for various characters. Shipper was a good combiner for yield and fruit weight and Sugar Baby for days to maturity and fruit number per plant. Among the males H-23, Durgapur Meeth, Asahi Yamato and Black Diamond were good combiners The mean performance of pollinators reflected their g.c.a. for maturity and fruit number. Both per se performance of hybrids and respective s.ca. effects should be considered for evaluating the superiority of a cross. Some good crosses have been suggested for further exploitation.

Studies on Some Quantitative Characters in Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus Thunb. Mansf.). Ii. Inheritance of Total Soluble Solids and Rind Thickness

Abstract: Six genetic populations (two parents, one each Fi and F2 and two backcros-ses) of three crosses, each for T. S. S. and rind thickness were raised during 1975 at the Division of Vegetable Crops, I. A. R. I., New Delhi. Generation means and geneAAeffects were estimated. Dominance gene effects (l) and dominance × dominance (l) type of epistasis were found important for the character like T. S. S. whereas addi-Ative component (d) was the major contributor for rind thickness. Duplicate type of epistasis was found more prominent for both the characters.

Studies on Some Quantitative Characters in Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus Thunb. Mansf.) I. Inheritance of Earliness and Fruit Weight

Abstract: Six genetic populations (two parents, one each F1 and F2 and two backcro-ses) of four crosses for maturity (days to first harvest) and of three crosses for fruit weight, were raised during 1975 at the division of Vegetable Crops, I. A.R.I., New Delhi. Generation means and gene effects were estimated. Dominance gene effects (h) and dominance × dominance (l) type of epistasis were found important for the expression of maturity (days to first harvest). Duplicate and complementary type of epistasis were exhibited in equal proportion. Dominance gene effects (h) and dominance × dominance (l) type of epistasis were also found to play an important role in the expression of fruit weight. Duplicate type of epistasis was more frequent than complementary type. It is indicated that the heterosis breeding may be useful in the crosses which exhibited duplicate epistasis alongwith pronounced gene effects. Whereas the crosses which showed pronounced additive gene effects alongwith complementary epistasis, suggested the possibility of fixing the particular chara-ter through selection methods.

Effects of Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Leaf Nutrient Status and Its Relationship To Fruit Yield in Passion Fruit Variety Purple (Pass/Flora Edulis Sims)

Abstract: A fertilizer trial conducted on passion fruit purple variety with different levels of NPK was utilised to study the relationship between leaf nutrient status and fruit yield. The increase levels of N, P and K application was reflected in leaf N, P and K status of leaves respectively during flowering stage. The correlation studies between leaf nutrients and fruit yield indicated that there were significant correlations between petiole N and fruit yield and leaf K and fruit yield. The increasd levels of K20 application significantly increased fruit yield. The intra correlations between various leaf nutrients indicated that there were synergistic effects of N on P and Fe, P on Fe and Ca on Fe. Further antagonistic effect of K on Mg and Ca on Mn were noticed

Physico-Chemical Changes During Fruit Development in Litchi Cultivars

Abstract: Physico-chemical changes in developing fruit of litchi Cvs. Shahi. China, CHES-80-1 and late Bedana was studied. Fruit development occurred in two stages characterised by seed coat and pericarp development and cotyledon and aril development which lasted for 25–40 days and 35–41 days depending upon the cultivars. Growth pattern of all the cultivars followed a sigmoid curve. Slow rate of growth in first stage was longer in late ripening cultivars compared to early or mid-season cultivars. Total soluble solids and sugars increased with increase in aril content. Non-reducing sugar declined at advanced stage of maturity while reducing sugar showed increasing trend. Titratble acidity and ascorbic acid content reduced as the maturity advanced. Brix: Acid ratio increased. At edible ripe stage fruit skin had 60–70 peT cent bright pinkish or rose colour development. Shahi was earliest to mature followed by China, CHES-80-1 and late Bedana.

Leaf Npk Fluctuations and Their Relationship with Yield of Guava in the Annual Cycle in Alfisol

Abstract: At attempt was made to utilise the variation in the leaf NPK contents as a guide for their needs by guava Cv. Allahabad Safeda in the annual cycle. Need for nitrogen was observed in July and November, while for potassium it was February and June. No indication on the phosphorus need was available. Positive correlation were highest between July N status and rainy season fruit yield, November N status and winter fruit yield; and July K status with rainy season fruit yield. Critical levels of these nutrients for the yields in different seasons were proposed.

Effect of Naa Sprayed on Fruit Set on General Appearance and Quality of Umran Ber

Abstract: To improve general appearance and quality of jujube fruit (Zizyphus mauriti-ana Lamk) cv Umran, NAA at 0, 5, 10 and 20 ppm was sprayed at fruit set stage. None of the treatments of NAA affected fruit size during stages 1 and II. However, 10 ppm NAA caused faster growth in the beginning of stage III resulting into a large sized and heavier fruits and stone as well. Similarly, the highest increase in total sugars and reducing sugars were recorded with 10 ppm NAA. However, the total soluble solids increased significantly with 5 and 10 ppm NAA whereas ascorbic acid content of the fruits were higher with 20 and 5 ppm NAA respectively. NAA sprays did not enhance or delay the fruit ripening.

Performance of Sim Carnations Under Sub-Tropical Climatic Conditions of Punjab

Abstract: Growing of Sim carnations under sub-tropical conditions of India has started very recently on a limited scale. Performance of ten cvs. viz. Arthur Sim, William Sim, White Sim, Scania, Laddie, Can Can, Shocking Pink, Tangerine, Harvest Moon and Clear Yellow has been studied for the last five years in sub-tropical environments of Punjab. Studies have shown that rooted cuttings of carnation cvs. could be established round the year but the production of quality blooms was obtained from the planting done from September to November. Irrespective of time of planting maximum flower production was achieved during the months of March and April only. Time taken for flower production varied from 120 to 180 days. Extent of calyx splitting varied with the time of flowering from December to April. It was observed in all the cvs. tried.

Biochemical Changes During Development and Ripening in the Fruits of Wilking Mandarin

Abstract: The fruit growth followed a sigmoid pattern and took about 9 months to attain maturity. The juice accumulation in the fruit started after 3 months from the setting. Total soluble solids and sugars showed gradual increase alongwith the advancement of maturity. Acidity and chlorophyll contents decreased, whereas Vitamin C and carotenoids increased with the development of the fruits. The carotenoid contents increased rapidly up to 1st January, after which these were levelled off. It is, therefore advisable to harvest the fruits of wilking mandarin during first week of January when they attain the maximum size, weight and reasonable amount of juice.

Effect of Size and Resting Period of Suckers on Growth and Yield of Banana

Abstract: Studies on the effect of size and resting period of suckers before planting on growth and yield of ‘Basrai’ banana revealed that fresh suckers affected higher establishment of banana irrespective of size. Use of large sized fresh suckers induced early and vigorous vegetative growth resulting in early and concentrated harvest of crop. The plants raised from fresh suckers exhibited higher functional leaf area at flowering time. Consequently these plants from fresh suckers gave higher production per plant contributed by higher hands and fingers per bunch folios- ed by the plants from suckers subjected io 10 days rest before planting.

Effect of Varying Levels of Nitrogen and Potash on Petiole Nutrient Contents in Thompson Seedless Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.)

Abstract: Variation in the bloom-time contents of N03-N, total N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in the petioles of four and five year old Thompson Seedless vines receiving 16 combinations resulting from four levels each of N (300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg/ha/year) and K20 (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 kg/ha/year) was studied in order to find out the enchancing or depressing effect of applied N and KaO on other nutrients and and provide a basis for determining the nutrient needs based on petiole analysis. Higher of N application enhanced the Ca, Mg and Mn status of the vines, but reduced the concentration of NO3-N, total N, P and K in the petioles. Higher levels of applied potash were associated with increased contents of NO3-N, K and Cu, but with reduced contents of Mg and Fe. A complementary effect of the levels of N and K2O was observed on the petiole Fe contents. Irrespective of the levels of N and K20, mutual antagonism was observed between. Antagonistic/synergistic effects are explained through the preferential accumulation of nutrients of the petioles, dilution effect on account of increased growth due to higher levels of nitrogen, isomorphic ionic substitution and neutralisation of charges and base equilibrium constancy in the foliar tissues.

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path-Analysis in Clusterbean (Cyamops1S Tetragonoloba L. Taub.) (Guar).

Abstract: Genetic variability, correlation and path-co-efficient of green pod yield and its components were studied in one hundred and thirteen cultivars of clusterbean Green pod yield per plant and pod number were recorded to have high genotypic coefficient of variation as compared to other components. Green pod yield per plant and pod number had maximum heritability and genetic advance (per cent of mean) together. Green pod yield showed positive significant correlation with pod number, pod weight and number of clusters per plant. Path-analysis revealed that the pod number, seeds per pod and days to fruit maturity exhibited positive direct efiect on green pod yield while other traits showed negative direct efiect. It could be advocated that the pod number which is the main component of green pod yield should be given maximum emphasis in selection programme.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Biochemical Composition of Leaves and Flower Yield in Jasminum

Abstract: Studies carried out on the effects of growth regulators on the biochemical composition and yield in Jasminum multiflorum had shown that flower yield can be increased by spraying cycocel at 500 ppm. It recorded high C/N ratio at the flowering phase and was associated with higher quantum of yield among all the treatments. NAA treatments increased the C/N ratio during peak flowering, when better yields were obtained from NAA treated plants. Cycocel increased the nutrient and carbohydrate content by greatly retarding the growth of the plants. The judicious application of these two growth regulators, therefore, will be useful in extending the flowering season and duration of flowering. The extension of season of flowering and staggered supply of flowers to the market would ensure avoidance of glut and better returns to the grower.

Selection of Papaya Tissue for Nutritional Diagnosis

Abstract: Highest correlation coefficients were obtained with recently matured petioles (6th leaf from top) of papaya for the effect of different levels of N, P and K on their nutrient status among different stages of physiological maturity. Thus, tne recently matured petiole is an ideal tissue for the nutritional diagnosis of N and P in papaya. Better relationship of recently matured petioles with yield indicated its superiority in nutritional diagnosis compared to young (1st) and matured (I lth) petioles.