Showing papers in "Indian Journal of Horticulture in 1995"

Correlation and path analysis in brinjal

Abstract: The correlation studies revealed that fruit yield per plant was positively correlated with number of fruits per plant, length and weight of fruit, while keeping quality index showed significant negative association with fruit yield, weight, length and girth of fruit. The path analysis suggested that days to flower had maximum direct and indirect effect on fruit yield. However, the indirect contribution of number of fruits per plant, length, weight and girth of fruit were appreciable to effect fruit yield in brinjal.

Effect of various post-harvest treatments on shelf life and quality of ber fruit

Abstract: Various post-harvest treatment such as polyethylene packaging, CFB packaging and wax emulsion coating had a great influence in retaining the physico-chemical characteristics and reducing the wastage. The shelf life of ber fruit was extended upto 15 days in CC and 29 days in CS. Wax treatment coupled with polyethylene and CFB packaging is considered beneficial in extending the shelf life of ber fruit in CC and CS, while at RT wax treatment with polyethylene packaging was found beneficial. The storage of ber fruit in cool chamber by giving wax treatment coupled with polyethylene and CFB packaging has been recommended.

Correlation and path-coefficient studies in bitter gourd

Abstract: Correlation and path-coefficient studies were conducted with thirteen genotypes of bitter gourd. Positively significant correlations of yield/plant with fruit weight, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit, vine length and days to first harvest indicated that simultaneous improvement can be made if selection is made for any one of the correlated characters. Path-analysis revealed that fruit breadth, days to opening of first male and female flower, vine length and number of seeds per fruit had the maximum positive direct effect on yield in bitter gourd. The characters like fruit weight and fruit length, though have significant positive correlation with yield, exhibited low direct effect. Besides direct selection for yield, indirect selection through number of seeds per fruit and fruit weight would prove worth for further improvement in yield of bitter gourd.

Studies on heterosis in sponge gourd

Abstract: 28 F1 hybrids of sponge gourd in a diallel set involving 8 parental lines were studied to assess the extent of hybrid vigour in the yield contributing traits. The mean values of hybrids was greater than those of parents for all the characters except the fruit maturity. The increase yield in heterotic hybrid ranged from 20.0 to 90.7 percent. The maximum and significant heterosis was recorded in P2×P4 for vine length, P2×P9 for fruit length, P2×P5 for fruit/plant, P4×P7 for average fruit weight and P2×P4 for total yield. In all the characters, the best performing hybrid was significantly better than the top parent. In order of merit P2×P4 P6×P5 and P2×P8 were best F1 hybrid for total yield and its many component characters. The best parental combination was found to be P2×P4 (IIHR-9 and IIHR 23) which exhibited 90.78 percent increase over better parent and 72.78 percent increase over top parent. Thus, IIHR 76 can be utilised for exploitation of hybrid vigour in sponge gourd.

Performance of mango cultivars under arid-irrigated region of Punjab

Abstract: Five mango cultivars Dashehari, Langra, Mallika, Amrapali and Alphanso were evaluated under arid-irrigated region of Punjab. Langra has been observed to be vigorous in vegetative growth. Dashehari, Mallika, Amrapali and Alphanso closely followed each other. Dashehari fruits were maximum in TSS, reducing sugars, TSS/acid ratio, sugar/acid ratio and minimum acidity with an average fruit yield of 50 kg/tree. Dashehari and Langra matured during 2nd week of July. Mallika and Amrapali are mid season (3rd week of July) and Alphansolate season (4th week of July-1st week of August) cultivars. On the basis of yield and quality, cultivation of Dashehari, Langra, Amrapali, Alphanso and Mallika in descending order is recommended for higher returns in the arid-irrigated region of Punjab.

Effect of various nutrient sprays on the fruit quality of lemon

Abstract: Investigations on the effect of various nutrients on the fruit quality of lemon cv. Baramasi were carried out. Ten-year old plants of lemon were sprayed on 15th and 30th May. All the treatments exerted significant effect on the size, weight and juice content of the fruit, though the effect of potassium was more pronounced than CaCl2 and borax. Spray of these nutrients in varying concentrations influenced the TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid content of fruit and chlorophyll content of the peel of the lemon fruit.

Effect of plant growth regulators and nutrients on fruit cracking in lemon

Abstract: Sprays of GA3, NAA, K2SO4, borax and CaCl2 were applied during second week of May. Among growth regulators, the minimum fruit cracking was obtained with 40 ppm NAA followed by 20 ppm NAA and 10 ppm GA3; whereas amongst the nutrients, 8% potassium sulphate registered the minimum fruit cracking followed by its other concentrations. However, cracking of the fruits was maximum in control trees where no spray was done. The peak period of fruit cracking was between third week of June to third week of July during both the years.

Effect of etiolation on polyphenol oxidase activity in shoots of grape and its subsequent in vitro survival

Abstract: Etiolation treatment was given to seven different grape genotypes after winter pruning to observe its effect on total phenols, PPO activity and on in vitro survival of shoots tips. Total phenol content and PPO activity was reduced dramatically in etiolated shoots over non-etiolated which was found to be genotypic dependent. Etiolation treatment ultimately resulted in marked increase in explant survival. Synergistic effect of genotype and etiolation treatment was found in lowering the endogenous level of polyphenol content, PPO activity and increasing explant survival in in vitro.

Heterosis in egg plant (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract: Fifteen F1 hybrids of egg plant in a diallel set involving 6 parents (excluding reciprocals) were studied for manifestation of better parent and mid parent heterosis for yield per plant and six other attributes. Five hybrids over better parents and 7 hybrids over mid parents showed positive and significant heterosis for yield per plant. The better parents and mid parents heterosis ranged from 3.09 - 82.57% and from 4.34 - 130.37% respectively. Significant values of heterosis over better parent as well as mid-parent were also observed for other attributes, indicating their contribution to the heterosis for plant yield. Three hybrids, viz., CH-4 × CH-82 (1 ×5), CH-4 × CH-95 (1 ×6) and CH-13 × CH-82 (2 ×5) showed better performance.

Extension of shelf life of date fruits at the Khalal stage of maturity

Abstract: The shelf life of Bushibal and Lulu date fruits at the khalal or rutab stages of maturity can be extended with potassium sorbate treatment (0.05%) by one to two weeks over that of control (six weeks) at a storage temperature of 4°C. However, the use of a lower storage temperature (−20°C) was more effective, extending the shelf-life of these fruits up to six or seven months. These manipulative technologies, if adopted by the date packing industry, would make the date fruits (at the khalal and rutab stages of maturity) available for an extended period.

Influence of environmental factors and methods of budding in bael

Abstract: A study on the relative efficacy of patch budding, patch budding with immediate top removal, shield budding and shield budding with immediate top removal done at different periods, viz., mid of June, July, August, September and October in bael was made. Maximum success of 93.33 percent was obtained in patch budding with immediate top removal when done in mid of August. In other months, patch budding with immediate top removal proved significantly better than other methods. The success range by this method was from 60 to 93 percent, whereas in other methods it was much lower. It is suggested that under the agroclimatic conditions of Varanasi, patch budding with immediate top removal should be practised during August for successful propagation of bael.

Effect of plant density on genetic parameters in african marigold

Abstract: General mean for all the nine quantitative characters were observed to be higher under low plant density when compared to high density planting. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was found to be high in closer spacing than in wider spacing except for plant spread. The genotypic coefficient of variation was also higher at closer spacing for all the characters except for the characters like number of main branches per plant and number of flowers per plant. Higher heritability values were observed for plant spread and flower weight of closer spacing when compared to the wider spacing. Except the flower size and flower weight, all other characters were found to be positively correlated with yield under close spacing. At wider spacing, characters like days to flower, plant height, number of lateral branches per plant and number of flowers per plant showed significant positive correlation with yield.

Genetic divergence of yield and its components in bush bean

Abstract: The genetic divergence among 30 bush bean cultivars was estimated using D2 and canonical analyses. Altogether, 8 clusters were formed. Geographical isolation has not contributed towards genetic divergence in French bean. The characters pod length, pod breadth, number of branches and plant height had contributed 82% of variation towards total divergence.

Use of entomopathogenic fungus, Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas, insecticides and their combination for the control of green scale, Coccus viridis (Green)

Abstract: Survey of entomopathogenic fungus, Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas on C. viridis showed that the fungus is the most effective natural mortality factor during the rainy season. Pathogenisity test conducted on green scale infested Coorg mandarin plants was positive. Field trials for the control of this pest were conducted on arabica coffee before the rainy season with seven insecticides and their sub-lethal doses in combination with fungus at 10×106 spores/ml. A field trial was also conducted on Coorg mandarin. Tests on arabica coffee just before the onset of rainy season indicated that in the orchards where more light interception (4800-23900 lux) was recorded, the fungus alone or in combination with the micro-dosages of insecticides was ineffective, however, monocrotophos (0.05%), quinalphos (0.05%), primiphosmethyl (0.05%) and fenitrothion (0.05%) gave good result. But in orchard with more shade and less light interception (900-14100 lux), sprays of fungus containing 10×106 spres/ml + 0.005% quinalphos + 0.05% Teepol even before the onset of rainy season in coffee and during rainy season in citrus were highly effective killing 95.58 and 97.50% scales respectively. Methyl parathion (0.005%)+ fungus + Teepol (0.05%), primiphos methyl (0.05%)+ fungus + Teepol (0.05%), fenitrothion (0.05%), primiphos methyl (0.05%) and phenthoate (0.05%) were also effective under these conditions.

Promotion of floral axillary buds and vegetative growth with terminal decapitation of shoots in mango

Abstract: The decapitation of terminal flower bud of mango cv. Dusheri starting from November 16 to February 14 at fifteen days interval significantly reduced the emergence of panicles and increased the production of axillary panicles. The emergence of axillary panicles from decapitated shoots were influenced by the temperature and the relative humidity prevailing two weeks post-treatments. Decapitation of teminal bud has reduced the panicle size but did not affect the percentage of hermaphrodite flowers. Considering the emergence of axillary panicles and vegetative growth, the period starting from December 16 to January 30 was proved to be the best to decapitate the terminal buds of mango.

Effect of phosphorus and potassium on capsicum seed production

Abstract: The study was conducted on a well drained sandy loam soil under irrigated conditions. The treatments consist of 3 levels of phosphorus, viz., 75, 125 and 175 kgha and 3 levels of potassium, viz., 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha with a fixed supply of nitrogen at 125 kg/ha. Significant response of phosphorus and potassium was observed for characters like plant height, number of branches/plant, number of fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant as well as per hectare, seed yield/plant as well as per hectare, 1000 seed weight and germination percentage, and the maximum values were recorded at 75 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K2O/ha.

Role of ecological factors on the survival and mortality of Citrus blackfly

Abstract: Ecological factors played the major role on the survival and mortality of Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby which was studied by constructing life tables of the pest. Abiotic factors like desiccation and wind, and biotic factors namely egg infertility and molting problems were found to be the critical factors for all the stages of the pest followed by predation and parasitisation. Egg stage recorded heavy mortality followed by fourth instar nymphal stage. Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coccinellidae) and Mallada boninensis Okamoto (Chrysopidae) among predators and Encarsia bennetti Hayat and Eretmoceros gunturlensis Hayat among parasitoids were predominantly responsible for the mortality of the pest.

Studies on the shelf-life of kinnow fruits in zero energy cool chamber using fungicides and modified atmosphere

Abstract: Kinnow fruits were treated with fungicides and stored in zero energy cool chambers in modified and non-modified conditions. Modified condition was developed by enclosing the wooden box containing fruits into polyethylene bags. Modified condition was effective in reducing the physiological loss in weight and extending the shelf life of kinnow fruits. The bavistin was found most effective as compared to other fungicides, viz, TBZ and benomyl in reducing losses.

Effect of micro-nutrient sprays on the yield and quality of ‘Perlette’ grapes

Abstract: Investigations carried out on five-year old ‘Perlette’ vines showed that foliar sprays of ZnSO4 (0.2, 0.4, 0.6%), FeSO4 (0.1, 0.2%) and boric-acid (0.05%) once at full-bloom and again after fruit set stage improved yield and quality considerably. ZnSO4, (0.4%) was found to be most effective in increasing yield, bunch weight and berry weight, while FeSO4 (0.2%) significantly improved juice quality in term of total soluble solids.

Effect of size of onion sets and planting distance on yield and economics of kharif onion

Abstract: Four size of onion sets and three planting distance were used for two years of field study. Planting of bigger size of sets (i.e. 3 cm) on wider planting (i.e. 45 × 20 cm) increased bulb diameter, bulb weight and doubles percentage in onion, but the highest bulb yield (170.63 q/ha) and net profit (Rs. 42269 q/ha) with cost-benefit ratio (3.71) was recorded when 2 cm size onion sets were planted on 45 × 10 cm planting distance.

Effect of different levels of phosphorus on growth, fruit yield and quality of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda under sub-humid conditions of Bihar

Abstract: Field experiment was carried out on 5 year old guava trees grown on a red sandy soil low in available P with 9 treatments (0-800g P2O5/tree/ year). Increasing P levels significantly increased tree growth, fruit yield and quality. The tree girth, height and volume significantly increased upto 400g compared to lower levels and marginal increase occurred at higher levels. Fruit size, total soluble solids and reducing sugar in juice significanlty increased but titratable acidity of juice decreased upto 500g but further increases in P levels showed only slight changes. The results showed that under rainfed conditions of Chotanagpur, 717 g per tree was optimum for high fruit yield. Application of P2O5 over 500 g per tree per year improved the fruit quality but maximum net returns per tree were obtained in 600 g/tree/year (Rs. 86.33/tree).

Improvement in Gulabi by physical and chemical mutagens

Abstract: Sprouting and survival percentages were inversely related with concentrations and duration of the treatment. Of 13 mutants survived, five mutants were even in maturity, two were significantly high yielding, all mutants had higher TSS than Gulabi, highest being in Gm-511. Most of the mutants were seeded though Gm-468 and 469 were partially seeded. Out of the 13 mutants, seven were moderately resistant to downy mildew, two to powdery mildew and four to anthracnose. Gm-466 appeared to be resistant to these three pathogens. On taking into account the evaluation among all the mutants, Gm-511, 487 and 507 appears to be very promising.

In vitro raising of nucellar embryo derived seedlings for virus elimination in citrus

Abstract: Plant regeneration was achieved from isolated nucellar embryos of C. jambhiri, C. reticulata cv. Cleopatra and Pectinifera; C. sinensis cvs. Blood Red, Jaffa and Mosambi and C. nobilis × C. deliciosa cv. Kinnow on MS medium supplemented with kinetin (0.2 mg/l) and sucrose (2%). The nucellars did not exhibit any variation in leaf morphology and isoperoxidases. However, the hybrids displayed differences for leaf shape and number of isoperoxidases as compared to nucellars.

Studies on lifting of corm after flowering on corm and cormel production and incidence of corm rot in gladiolus

Abstract: Higher weight and diameter of corm and weight of cormels per plant were obtained with the treatment lifting of corms at 105 days after flowering. Significantly higher corm weight was lost (30.97%) during storage for sixty days with the treatment lifting of corm at 30 days after flowering. In other treatments, namely, lifting of corm at 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after flowering, the percentage of corm weight lost during storage was 24.84, 24.22, 22.99, 22.48, 22.40 and 20.96 per cent respectively. Different dates of corm lifting did not have significant effect on number of cormels produced per plant. Significantly higher quantity of healthy corms was obtained by lifting them at 60-75 days after flowering.

Correlation and path analysis in grapes

Abstract: A set of 31 grape cultivars were subjected to study the correlations and yield contributing characters. Fruit yield was significantly correlected with bunches per vine, bunch weight and berries per bunch. Partitioning of these correlations - path analysis revealed the effect of bunches per vine, bunch weight and 100 seed weight on yield to be followed by berries per bunch and seed per berry. Based on these results, it has been concluded that yield is subscribed mainly by bunches per vine, bunch weight and berries per bunch.

Extending shelf-life of kinnow mandarin with different storage conditions

Abstract: Studies on storage behaviour of kinnow mandarin at room temperature and in zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) were carried out. Four dipping treatments, viz., control, benomyl, TBZ and bavistin (200 ppm each) and sealing with polyethylene bags were tried. The physiological loss in weight was increased with the increasing storage period. Sealing in polyethylene bag (modified condition) rejuced the PLW considerably. Storage of fruits in ZECC was found more effective than room temperature storage as it minimises the losses in terms of PLW, juice content and sugar content, and thus extended the shelf-life of kinnow fruits.

Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides in Nagpur mandarin

Abstract: Studies were conducted on 10 year old trees of Nagpur Mandarin budded on Rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush) planted at a distance of 6m × 6m in black clay soil of Nagpur. All the treatments significantly reduced weed population per unit area over hand weeding and control. Maximum weed control efficacy (96.86%) for 300 days was observed with diuron (3 kg a.i./ha) when sprayed twice at an interval of 120 days. It was followed by simazine (96.06%) at the rate of 4 kg a.i./ha and trifluralin (2.01 a.i./ha). Trifluralin was less effective to dicot weeds, Bermuda and nutsedge grass.

Performance of acid lime selections from western Maharashtra

Abstract: An exhaustive survey was made covering 1314 gardens for superior clones of acid lime in Maharastra. 316 clones promising for one or the other characters were located. Out of this, eight clones were found to perform better. Based on various charcters and disease incidence, clone no. 49 was found to be best.

Performance of pea varieties as intercrop in ber orchard in semi-arid region

Abstract: The studies were conducted to find out suitable pea varieties for ber orchard in semi-arid region, Arkel variety produced maximum pod yield (52.6 q/ha) as compared to other varieties without any adverse effect on the growth and fruit yield in ber followed by Azad pea. Intercropping of pea in young ber orchard was found more economic and suitable to increase per unit crop yield.