Showing papers in "International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology in 2015"

A Comparison of Different Mother Wavelet for Fault Detection & Classification of Series Compensated Transmission Line

Abstract: This paper proposes a Comparison for Different Mother Wavelet For Fault Detection & Classification of Series Compensated Transmission Line. Voltages and currents with fault signal can be properly analyzed by using the wavelet transform. However, the effectiveness of the wavelet analysis is largely influenced by the choice of the mother wavelet. This paper evaluates seven different mother wavelets: Haar, Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflet, BiorSplines, Reverse BiorSplines, Meyer families. Fault Detection & Classification is done on the basis of % Energy of Current Signal. The Matlab Wavelet Toolbox is used for Calculation of % Energy of Current signal.

Efficient Content Based Image Retrieval System with Metadata Processing

Abstract: The content based image retrieval (CBIR) is one of the most popular, rising research areas of the digital image processing. Most of the available image search tools, such as Google Images and Yahoo! Image search, are based on textual annotation of images. In these tools, images are manually annotated with keywords and then retrieved using text-based search methods. The performances of these systems are not satisfactory. The goal of CBIR is to extract visual content of an image automatically, like color, texture, or shape. This paper aims to introduce the problems and challenges concerned with the design and the creation of CBIR systems, which is based on the accurate image search mechanism. For efficient data management, a system is proposed which generates metadata for image contents. This system is using Content-Based Image Retrieval System (CBIR) based on Mpeg-7 descriptors. First, low-level features are extracted from the query image without metadata and the images with similar low-level features are retrieved from the CBIR system. Metadata of the result images which are similar to the query image are extracted from the metadata database. From the resulting metadata, common keywords are extracted and proposed as the

Benefits of Value Stream Mapping as A Lean Tool Implementation Manufacturing Industries : A Review

Abstract: Lean manufacturing can be considered as a business strategy and it has been proved to be an effective management philosophy for improving businesses in a competitive market by eliminating non-value added waste and improving in process operations. Value stream mapping (VSM) can be an extremely powerful tool, combining material processing steps with information flow as well as other important related data. This paper illustrates the review of VSM techniques and its benefits in machining industry. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the effective utilization of the VSM tools for process and productivity improvements by different authors.

Fault Classification in Electric Power Transmission Lines using Support Vector Machine

Abstract: Transmission lines forms the backbone of the transmission and distribution networks which powers the nation. No modern society can imagine its existence without power supplies which runs everything ranging from consumer electronics to bullet trains. Electrical power systems suffer from unexpected failures due to various random causes. Unpredicted faults that occur in power systems are required to prevent from propagation to other area in the protective system. The functions of the protective systems are to detect, then classify and finally determine the location of the faulty line of voltage and/or current line magnitudes. Then at last, for isolation of the faulty line the protective relay have to send a signal to the circuit breaker. The ability to learn, generalize and parallel processing, pattern classifiers is powerful applications of machine learning used as an intelligent means for detection. This research paper focuses on detecting, classifying and locating faults on electric power transmission lines. Fault detection and fault classification have been achieved by using support vector machines. The SVM based classifier is trained on the fault database to classify transient single phase to ground faults. Simulation results have been provided to demonstrate that Support Vector Machine based methods are efficient in locating faults on transmission lines and achieve satisfactory performances. Simulation of three phase transmission line is done in MATLAB and results are compared in context of the fault classification and fault location.

A Survey On Attacks, Challenges and Security Mechanisms In Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract: The wireless sensor network (WSN) has becomes the research area in today’s worlds due to the huge number of application taking the advantage from it. Sensors are small device having memory, power and processing chip that makes it processing device. Due to its dominant nature it is used in battlefields and commercial applications such as building, traffic surveillance, habitat monitoring and smart homes and many more scenarios. Main motive behinds this paper is to introduce different types of attacks encounters during transmission or communication over the wireless sensor network and provides some ideas to overcome from these attacks. Here, we introduce security mechanisms like cryptographic key, authentication and challenges in wireless sensor network. The power computation and unsecure communication is main challenging area of wireless sensor network.

Agricultural Fertilizers and Pesticides Sprayers - A Review

Abstract: Day by day the population of India is increasing and to fulfill the need of food modernization of agricultural sectors are important. Due to chemical fertilizers the fertility of soil is decreasing. Hence farmers are attracted towards organic farming. By mechanization in spraying devices fertilizers and pesticides are distributed equally on the farm and reduce the quantity of waste, which results in prevention of losses and wastage of input applied to farm. It will reduce the cost of production. It will reduce the cost of production. Mechanization gives higher productivity in minimum input. Farmers are using same traditional methods for spraying fertilizers and pesticides. Equipment is also the same for ages. In India there is a large development in industrial sectors compared to agricultural sectors. Conventionally the spraying is done by labors carrying backpack sprayer and fertilizers are sprayed manually. The efforts required are more and beneficial by farmers having small farming land.

A User-Intelligent Adaptive Learning Model for Learning Management System Using Data Mining And Artificial Intelligence

Abstract: Entire world is revolving towards digital space as a result of the Internet and other emerging web technologies are helping the society to reach the universe. ICT and e-learning are growing radically fast and have captured a major role in higher educational systems. To develop the coast-to-coast purposes, institutions are changing the teaching style from chalk and talk to Learning Management System (LMS), called e-learning systems. Impact of e-learning introduces various delivery methods for teachers and different platforms to learn for learners. Teaching through LMS is most challenging because the difference in the learning styles and the nature of the course. Materials used for delivering the course are mostly static for all types of learners. Students are learning from the LMS tools, but not most effectively. To overcome this issues, the author(s) are recommending a new user intelligent adaptive learning model to be used in LMS. This allows the model to identify the learners learning style and endorses the appropriate learning materials for the learners. This method of delivering will be effective and efficient for different LMS learners.

A Study on Strength and Durability Characteristics of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Laterite Sand

Abstract: The upturn in prices of materials for building construction is causing a lot of concern due to more utilization of building materials such as fine aggregate, coarse aggregate for the construction of structures, creating need for research into original materials as alternatives in building and rural infrastructures. Research efforts are directed towards enhancing the use of locally and readily available material such as lateritic soils for the construction. This study presents, the results of an experimental program to study the strength and durability performance of laterized concrete. A total of 108 cubes of 150mm, 108 cylinders 150mm dia X 300mm height and 81 prisms of 100 X100 X 500 mm dimensions were casted and cured in water as well as chemical solution for 7, 28, 60, and 90 days. Laterized concrete is concrete in which some or all of the fine aggregate is from laterite. To perform this investigation, M30 grade concrete is used, mix proportions 1: 1.274: 3.126 (Cement: sand/laterite: granite) with water/cement ratio of 0.45 was used. In this investigation, percentage laterite content (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) exposure periods of 7, 28, 60, and 90 days on the compressive, flexure and splitting tensile strength tests of laterized concrete were investigated and also the effect of varying percentages of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) concentrations 1%, 3% and 5%, exposure periods of 7, 28, 60, and 90 days on the compressive, flexure and splitting tensile strength tests of laterized concrete were investigated. Data results revealed that the laterite fines used could satisfactorily replace the sand up to 30%. By fixing the laterite content as 30% of fine aggregate, the specimens are tested for durability studies under chemical attack. The specimens are immersed in H2SO4 solution for concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5% for an exposure period of 7, 28, 60 & 90 days, and the strengths of concrete at these ages were investigated.

A Review on Thermal Insulation and Its Optimum Thickness to Reduce Heat Loss

Abstract: An understanding of the mechanisms of heat transfer is becoming increasingly important in today‟s world. Conduction and convection heat transfer phenomena are found throughout virtually all of the physical world and the industrial domain. A thermal insulator is a poor conductor of heat and has a low thermal conductivity. In this paper we studied that Insulation is used in buildings and in manufacturing processes to prevent heat loss or heat gain. Although its primary purpose is an economic one, it also provides more accurate control of process temperatures and protection of personnel. It prevents condensation on cold surfaces and the resulting corrosion. We also studied that critical radius of insulation is a radius at which the heat loss is maximum and above this radius the heat loss reduces with increase in radius. We also gave the concept of selection of economical insulation material and optimum thickness of insulation that give minimum total cost.

Brain Tumour Image Segmentation Using Matlab

Abstract: Brain tumour (tumour- British English, tumor-American English) is a group of cell that grows abnormally in the cell, nerves and other parts of the brain. Methods such as X-Ray, CT-Scan, MRI is available to detect the brain tumour. Many researches have found that people die due to inaccurate detection of the affected brain tumour part. It is necessary to find the accurate part of the affected area of the brain tumor. Bio-medical image processing is the most challenging and upcoming field in the present world. By using MATLAB, the tumour present in the MRI brain image is segmented and the type of tumour is specified using SVM classifier (Support Vector Machine).

Optimization of MRR and TWR on EDM by using Taguchi's Method and ANOVA Die Steel H13

Abstract: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-traditional machining process where intricate and complex shapes can be machined. Only electrically conductive materials can be machined by this process and is one of the important machining processes for machining high strength, temperature-resistant (HSTR) alloys. It is capable of machining geometrically complex or hard materials, that are precise and difficult-to-machine such as heat treated tool steels, composites, super alloys, ceramics, carbides, heat resistant steels etc. These materials are being widely used in die and mould making industries, aerospace, aeronautics and nuclear industries. In this work Die steel H13 tool steel is the material used for the machining purpose. For achieving the best performance of the EDM process, it is crucial to carry out parametric design responses such as Material Removal Rate and Tool Wear Rate. It is essential to consider was used to reduce the total number of experiments. Parts of the experiment were conducted with the L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios associated with the observed values in the experiments were determined by which factor is most affected by the Responses of Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR). In the present work, Optimization of MRR and TWR on EDM conducted by using Taguchi and ANOVA.

Studies on Partial Replacement of Cement by Bagasse Ash in Concrete

Abstract: This paper carried out partial replacement of cement by bagasse ash in order to reduce industrial waste and to save cement and by saving cement reduced greenhouse gases emission and makes environmental green. The waste product sugarcane bagasse ash is already causing serious environmental problems. The effective use of these waste products is challenging task for researcher through environmental impact. Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills; when burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare. Bagasse ash partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%by weight of cement in four different experiment to find out maximum compressive strength and compare it with the strength of normal concrete by using grade M-30 at 7days and 28 days.

Performance Assessment for Students Using Different Defuzzification Techniques

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of students using a fuzzy expert system. The fuzzy process is based solely on the principle of taking non-precise inputs on the factors affecting the performance of students and subjecting them to fuzzy arithmetic to obtain a crisp value of the performance. The system classifies each student's performance by considering various factors using fuzzy logic. Aimed at improving the performance of fuzzy system, several defuzzification methods other than the built methods in MATLAB have been devised in this system for producing more accurate and quantifiable result. This study provides comparison and in depth examination of various defuzzification techniques like Weighted Average Formula (WAF), WAF-max method and Quality Method (QM). A new defuzzification method named as Max-QM which is extended from Quality method that falls within the general framework is also given and commented upon in this study.

Influence of motivating factors on sales employee retention in private life insurance companies

Abstract: This paper aims at developing insight on how employee retention is relevant in the private life insurance Companies in India. This study identifies motivating factors defined by Fredrick Herzberg in his Two Factor theory of motivation on sales employee retention in the private life insurance sector in India. These studies also elaborates the influence of motivating factors on the sales employee job satisfaction and further the extent of the influence on the employee retention. The main objective is to understand the nature of the motivating factor, their relation with the job satisfaction and its influence on the employee retention. This study also helps to find out the factors which are highly responsible for the retention in private life insurance companies in India.

The use of mood boards to study housing needs of nursing home residents with dementia

Abstract: Nursing home residents with dementia face challenges in adapting to a new living environment and feeling at home. Due to communicative limitations, people with dementia after often left out of design processes. The aim of this study is to investigate the housing needs in relation to the interior design on the object level and design level. Based on the principles of practice development, seven residents participated in a creative workshop in which they produced a mood board, followed by subsequent interviews. People with dementia value colours in the built environments, their own practical pieces of furniture, and personal belongings like pictures of relatives. Their sense of home turned out to depend more on the social environment than the built environment. We conclude that involving older people with dementia can lead to a better match between the needs and design solutions and can stimulate the dialogue between design stakeholders.

Effect of Fly-Ash on Geotechnical Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil

Abstract: In this study, fly-ash is used as a stabilizing material to stabilize the expansive soil dealing with engineering characteristics as the parameter for it. Present paper describes a study carried out to check the improvement in the properties of expansive soil with fly-ash in varying percentages. Fly-ash is added in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and the change in index properties and engineering characteristics is examined. It has been found that significant variation in liquid limit, plasticity index, and swelling index. In expansive soil, liquid limit decreased from 55.2% to 36.3% and plasticity index decreased from 27.1% to 18.1% , differential free swell (DFS) also reduced from 52% to 14% respectively .the compaction test results showed increase in optimum moisture content (OMC) from 19% to 23% and decrease in maximum dry density (MDD) from 1.63g/cc to 1.52g/cc. Test result indicates that fly-ash has a potential to improve the properties of black cotton soil.

FPGA Implementation of Median Filter using an Improved Algorithm for Image Processing

Abstract: To solve the contradiction between the noise reducing effect and the time complexity of the standard median filter algorithm, this paper proposed an improved median filter algorithm. This paper focuses on a 3x3 image window filtering in which the sorting network of the filter should be able to produce the desired result within the shortest time possible. That means, the sorting network will be able to exercise parallelism in processing the image pixel and the number of the required hardware maintained minimal. The algorithm derived shows that the sorting network will be able to produce the result within the required time. The improved filter algorithm was implemented using Hardware Description Language Verilog, simulated using Xilinx isim and was loaded on to Xilinx FPGA. The hardware result showed that this proposed algorithm has better output result as compared to standard median algorithm as well as adaptive median algorithm. It has a good application prospect in real-time image processing.

Impact of Boiler Water Chemistry on Waterside Tube Failures

Abstract: This paper emphasis on the study of typical premature failure of water wall tubes of two thermal power plant boiler of same capacity (250 MW) and same operational parameter but with different boiler water chemistry. The investigation concludes on the waterside corrosion in both of the case. One boiler is running with coordinated phosphate treatment (CPT) and another with all volatile treatment (AVT). The causes of corrosion were discovered and proposed measures for their elimination were given. Visual examination, chemical analysis of deposits, oxide scale thickness measurement and micro structural examination were carried to ascertain the probable cause/causes of failure. From the investigation, it was finally concluded that the combination of localized high tube metal temperature and wall thinning due to under deposit corrosion led to the premature tube failure in boiler running with coordinated phosphate treatment and localized pitting corrosion in boiler running with AVT. Based on the results and discussions, a possible way to combat the corrosion was proposed.

Energy Efficient Secure Routing Protocol (EESRP) in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consisting of various sensor nodes which are distributed autonomously over the network. These sensor nodes can sense, measure and collect information from the environment. Every sensor node is having its own energy source and it is non-rechargeable battery. Therefore the network must be designed in such a way that they can be able to make use of energy source in an efficient manner. These information are sometime very confidential and need to be secured e.g. in military applications. So, the security model of the network must be efficient enough to provide security in the same. In this paper, we have presented an Energy Efficient Secure Routing Protocol. This scheme introduces a new concept of „status‟ for each cluster formed. The lower status means the cluster is at a farther distance from the base station. To prevent attacks on data during transmission, every transmission of data is preceded by sending of a check packet to the destination. Proposed scheme reduces the intra-cluster communication distance. Simulation shows that proposed scheme has better energy efficiency than EECHS scheme.

Numerically Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Micro Channels Heat Sink with Different Shape by using N-Octane

Abstract: The study of heat transfer characterstics in micro channel heat sinks is an emerging field from the research point of view. The variations in shapes and sizes of micro channel heat sink has led to the increase in heat transfer rate and reduction in pressure drop. Earlier work has been performed on different cross-sections of micro channel heat sink using water as a fluid for heat transfer. The numerical computation is carried out by solving the governing equations along with boundary conditions .The equations for fluid in single phase was solved by using a single domain conjugate problem. The governing equations is discretize in the fluid region using finite-volume method (FVM) with hybrid differencing scheme. The flow field is solved using the Simplex algorithm. The design of the micro-heat sink consists of an array of 11 holes cut in a channel of length 22mm, width 12mm and height 1.5mm. In this paper, we analytically designed a micro-channel heat sink for specific boundary conditions of inlet velocity of 0.1m/s, fluid temperature of 278K and temperature on the left side of 328 K and right side to be adiabatic. The analysis is performed numerically for its validation. The design was tested with different cross sections like rectangular, triangular, hexagonal ,circular and also compared the fluid for no. of channels 9,18 and 27 by using n-octane for heat transfer coefficient at reynold number range 100-1000.

Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Springs water samples of Dehradun city, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract: Spring water is the main source of water providing life in the mountain region. Spring is the natural sources of ground water. Due to human and industrial activities this ground water is contaminated. This is very serious problems now a day. The analysis of water quality is very important to preserve and perfect the natural eco system. Physicochemical characteristics of spring water and some river water in dehradun city by taking water samples from 13 different stations. The study was carried out by collecting 10 spring water samples and 3 river water sample during April 2015 to May 2015. The results were compared with standards prescribed by ISI 10500-2012. Total 16 parameters were analysed. It was found that all spring water samples location is below the permissible limit of IS 10500:2012 were some of locations are above the acceptable limit.

Denoising of Computed Tomography Images using Wavelet Transform

Abstract: Image denoising is one of the most significant tasks in image processing, analysis and image processing applications. Medical Imaging is one among the emerging application areas where the image denoising plays a vital role. In medical imaging, the additional techniques and systems introduce noises and artifacts in the medical image that leads to poor quality image. In this moment, image denoising is an essential pre-requisite, specially in Computed Tomography, which is an important and most common method in medical imaging. The significance of the denoising is mainly due to that the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis using CT image depends upon the quality of the image. In this work, we propose an efficient noise reduction technique for CT images using wavelet transformation and thresholding. The technique removes Additive noise from the CT images as well as it enhances the quality of the images.

HOPF Bifurcation in a Chemical Model

Abstract: In this paper we have investigated the stability nature of Hopf bifurcation in a two dimensional nonlinear differential equation, popularly known as the Brusselator model. The Brusselator model exhibits supercritical Hopf bifurcation for certain parameter values which marks the stability of limit cycles created in Hopf bifurcations. We have used the Center manifold theorem and the technique of Normal forms in our investigation.

Analysis of Backhoe Loader Chassis for Weight & Cost Reduction using FEA - A Review Paper

Abstract: In this study, stress analysis of a backhoe chassis was performed by using FEA. Construction industry is undoubtedly the backbone and propelling force behind our progress. In response to booming construction industry, utilization of earth moving equipment has increased considerably leading to high rate of failure. Backhoe Loader chassis is the skeleton of a commercial vehicles. The main function of the chassis is to support the different components like engine, cabin, transmission, front axle and rear axle. So it is necessary to analyze chassis to avoid failure while it is in working condition. Computer simulation techniques provides a great leverage in design optimization for weight reduction, better material utilization, shorter design cycles and elimination of major part of prototype testing.Static analysis of the chassis shows the equivalent stress and deformation contour when Backhoe Loader is in working condition. Aim of literature review is to find out high stress area at different load condition by stress minimized and weight reduction by giving design changes.

An Incremental Conductance Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for a PV Array Operating under Nonuniform Irradiance

Abstract: Recently, the importance of exploring the plausibility of renewable energy has been progressively increased, not only because of concerns over the shortage of current fossil fuels but also the consideration of sustainable development and the negative environmental impact caused by large scale use of fossil fuels. Among renewable sources, solar energy seems to be one of the promising energy sources for widespread application. Due to its inherent intermittency and fluctuation, one of the important research interests is to harness the maximum power possible from the solar energy falling on a panel. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a very important necessity in a system of energy conversion from a renewable energy source. Many research papers have been produced with various schemes over past decades for the MPPT in photovoltaic (PV) system. This paper inspires its motivation from the fact that the keen study of these existing techniques reveals that there is still quite a need for an absolutely generic and yet very simple MPPT controller which should have all the following traits: total independence from system’s parameters, ability to reach the global maxima in minimal possible steps, the correct sense of tracking direction despite the abrupt atmospheric or parametrical changes, and finally having a very cost-effective and energy efficient hardware with the complexity no more than that of a minimal MPPT algorithm like Incremental Conductance. The MPPT controller presented in this paper is a successful attempt to fulfill all these requirements. It extends the MPPT techniques found in the recent research papers with some innovations in the control algorithm. The simulation results confirm that the proposed MPPT controller is very fast, very efficient, very simple and low cost as compared to the contemporary ones.

Agricultural Marketing in India- Value Creation Approach

Abstract: Marketing became a value creation process and its application already started by the organizations involved in agriculture input marketing. Few incidences found where Indian farmers have started to make use of this concept in agricultural output marketing. Marketing has attained vital role in an organization success due to highly competitive environment in which easy options are available to copy a product or imitate an operation to enter in to same kind of product category. Marketing gives an insulation to create space in the consumer mind and retailer"s shelf; otherwise efforts will be diverted only to reduce warehouse inventory which converts product in to commodity. Marketing emphasizes on value creation which differentiates Marketing and selling. American Marketing Association (Revised 2014) defines "Marketing is an organizational function & a set of process for creating, communicating & delivering value to customers & for managing customer relationships in a way that benefits the organization & its stakeholders". Here Customer value means all the benefits served by a company to consumer through a product.

A Literature Review on Collapsible Steering Column

Abstract: Energy absorbing steering column (Collapsible steering column) is a kind of steering column which minimizes the injury of the driver during a car accident by collapse or breaking particular part of system. Up to now, Collapsible Steering Column for low budget passenger car had no way to describe these „Collapse‟ or „Slip‟ by the Axial and Lateral Forces from driver. In this paper, I have created a collapsible steering column from rigid steering column using a Detailed FE model which can describe such collapse behavior.

A Research on Enhancing Public Key Cryptography by the Use of MRGA with RSA and N-Prime RSA

Abstract: In current scenario everything is being transferred on the web and other communication medium. So that we need to make our data secure from all other attacker and unauthorized person. So that we have to give lot of protection to the transmitting data. For that we have lots of cryptography algorithm .But all of then do not provide level best protection in today‟s world as there are lots of ways to make that algorithm cracked and the cryptanalyst can retrieve the plain text so easily. So that with reference to the RSA and other famous algorithms as Diffie Hellman and N-prime RSA we have tried to give one more level of security by the use of Magic Rectangle. And by the use of Magic Rectangle we can have different cipher text for the same character. So by these many reasons this approach give enhancement to the public key cryptosystem. And Magic Rectangle have different approach that can unable to get the plain text without the knowledge of generation of Magic Rectangle.

Modeling of Student's Performance Evalution

Abstract: We proposed a Fuzzy Model System (FMS) for student performance evaluation. A suitable fuzzy inference mechanism has been discussed in the paper. We mentioned how fuzzy principal can be applying in student performance prediction. This model can be useful for educational organization, educators, teachers, and students also. We proposed this model especially for first year students who need some extraordinary monitoring to their performance. Modeling based on the past academic result and on some information they earlier submitted for admission purposes.