Showing papers in "International Journal of African Historical Studies in 2003"
TL;DR: Aird et al. as discussed by the authors present a collection of photographs from a variety of regional, cultural, and historical perspectives to explore the role of photography in raising historical consciousness, including first-person pieces by indigenous Australians and one by a Seminole/Muskogee/Dine' artist.
Abstract: Moving the critical debate about photography away from its current Euro-American center of gravity, Photography’s Other Histories breaks with the notion that photographic history is best seen as the explosion of a Western technology advanced by the work of singular individuals. This collection presents a radically different account, describing photography as a globally disseminated and locally appropriated medium. Essays firmly grounded in photographic practice—in the actual making of pictures—suggest the extraordinary diversity of nonwestern photography.
Richly illustrated with over 100 images, Photography’s Other Histories explores from a variety of regional, cultural, and historical perspectives the role of photography in raising historical consciousness. It includes two first-person pieces by indigenous Australians and one by a Seminole/Muskogee/Dine' artist. Some of the essays analyze representations of colonial subjects—from the limited ways Westerners have depicted Navajos to Japanese photos recording the occupation of Manchuria to the changing "contract" between Aboriginal subjects and photographers. Other essays highlight the visionary quality of much popular photography. Case studies centered in early-twentieth-century Peru and contemporary India, Kenya, and Nigeria chronicle the diverse practices that have flourished in postcolonial societies. Photography’s Other Histories recasts popular photography around the world, as not simply reproducing culture but creating it.
Contributors. Michael Aird, Heike Behrend, Jo-Anne Driessens, James Faris, Morris Low, Nicolas Peterson, Christopher Pinney, Roslyn Poignant, Deborah Poole, Stephen Sprague, Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie, Christopher Wright
180 citations
TL;DR: In the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania as mentioned in this paper, a case study of the compatibility of Pastoralism and conservation is presented, using Integrated Assessment (IA) in the Ticoporo Reserve.
Abstract: 1 Introduction: Conservation And Mobile Indigenous Peoples by Dawn Chatty and Marcus Colchester 2 Negotiating the Tropical Forest: Colonizing Farmers And Lumber Resources In The Ticoporo Reserve by Miguel Montoya 3 Compatibility of Pastoralism and Conservation?: A Test Case Using Integrated Assessment In The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania by Kathleen A. Galvin, Jim Ellis, Randall B. Boone, Ann L. Magennis, Nicole M. Smith, Stacy J. Lynn and Philip Thornton 4 Giving Conservation a Human Face?: Lessons From Forty Years Of Combining Conservation And Development In The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania by J. Terrence McCabe 5 National Parks and Human Ecosystems: The Challenge To Community Conservation. A Case Study From Simanjiro, Tanzania by Jim Igoe 6 The Mursi and the Elephant Question by David Turton 7 Forced Resettlement, Rural Livelihoods and Wildlife Conservation along the Ugalla River in Tanzania by Eleanor Fisher 8 The Influence of Forced Removals and Land Restitution on Conservation in South Africa by Christo Fabricius and Chris de Wet 9 How Sustainable is the Communalizing Discourse of 'New' Conservation?: The Masking Of Difference, Inequality And Aspiration In The Fledgling 'Conservancies' Of Namibia by Sian Sullivan 10 Representing the Resettled: The Ethical Issues Raised By Research And Representation Of The San by Sue Armstrong and Olivia Bennett 11 Negev Bedouin Displacement, Forced Settlement And Conservation by Aref Abu-Rabia 12 Customs Excised: Arid Land Conservation In Syria by Jonathan Rae, George Arab and Tom Nordblom 13 Animal Reintroduction Projects in the Middle East: Conservation Without A Human Face by Dawn Chatty 14 Environmental Conservation and Indigenous Culture in a Greek Island Community: The Dispute Over The Sea Turtles by Dimitrios Theodossopoulos 15 Displacement and Forced Settlement Gypsies In Tamilnadu by Daniel Meshack and Chris Griffin 16 Karen and the Land in Between: Public And Private Enclosure Of Forests In Thailand by Jin Sato 17 Lost Worlds and Local People Protected Areas Development In Viet Nam by Pamela McElwee 18 The History of Displacement and Forced Settlement in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Implications For Co-Managing Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve by Reed L. Wadley 19 Planning for Community-based Management of Conservation Areas: Indigenous Forest Management And Conservation Of Biodiversity In The Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia by Cristina Eghenter 20 Resettlement and Natural Resources in Halmahera, Indonesia by Christopher R. Duncan 21 Welcome to Aboriginal Land: Anangu Ownership And Management Of Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park by Graham Griffin
173 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a Chronology (1889-1980) and a List of abbreviations Map 1. Introduction 2. The peace settlement 3. The assembly phase 4. Military integration 5. Employment programs for the demobilized 6. Conclusion Epilogue: the past in the present Appendix: the ruling party's attempts to withdraw ex-combatants' special status.
Abstract: List of tables Acknowledgements Chronology (1889-1980) List of abbreviations Map 1. Introduction 2. The peace settlement 3. The assembly phase 4. Military integration 5. Employment programs for the demobilized 6. Conclusion Epilogue: the past in the present Appendix: the ruling party's attempts to withdraw ex-combatants' special status and ex-combatants' responses, 1988-97 Notes References List of pseudonyms used in the text Index.
168 citations
147 citations
TL;DR: Pausewang et al. as discussed by the authors discussed the role of women in the process of Democratisation in Ethiopia and proposed a model of women empowerment in the context of local elections in the country.
Abstract: Preface - Christopher Clapham 1. Democratisation in Ethiopia: Some Notes on Theory and Methodology - Siegfried Pausewang, Kjetil Tronvoll and Lovise Aalen 2. A Process of Democratisation or Control? The Historical and Political Context - Siegfried Pausewang, Kjetil Tronvoll and Lovise Aalen 3. "Women are not corrupt": The Elections in Addis Ababa in a Gender Perspective - Marta Camilla Wright 4. Prospects for Democracy, Agro-ecology and Civil Society: Elections in Amhara region, Ethiopia's Rural Urban Hinterland - James C. McCann 5. Expressions of Control, Fear and Devotion: The Elections in Mekelle and Wukro, Tigray region - Lovise Aalen 6. A Population Rendered Quiescent: The Elections in Dembi Dolo, Oromiya - Charles G.H. Schaefer 7. A Population Resisting Local Control and Intimidation? The Elections in Gedeo, Southern Ethiopia (SNNPRS) - Siegfried Pausewang 8. Expression of Political Apathy and Class/Caste Conflict: The Elections in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia (SNNPRS) - Kjell Solberg 9. Exposures of Political Suppression and Resistance: Elections in Hadiya, Southern Ethiopia (SNNPRS) - Kjetil Tronvoll 10. Undermining a Seed to Democracy: The 2001 Local Elections in Addis Ababa and the Central Regions - Siegfried Pausewang and Lovise Aalen 11. Shattered Promises and Hopes: The 2001 Local Elections in Southern Region - Siegfried Pausewang and Lovise Aalen 12. Conclusion: Democracy Unfulfilled? - Siegfried Pausewang, Kjetil Tronvoll and Lovise Aalen
100 citations
85 citations
71 citations
58 citations
46 citations
TL;DR: The Umchingwe Project as discussed by the authors, a rural development program for African children in South-West Africa, was one of the first rural development programs to support women's empowerment in rural education.
Abstract: Introduction I Struggles & Stalemates Educational controversies: African school activism, 1920-1934 Demanding schools: The Umchingwe Project, 1928-1934 II Reconstructing Authority Walking alone in front?: African teachers in rural schools Giving orders: controversies over Africans' authority in rural development programs, 1928-1934 III Cultural Innovations Tickets, concerts & school fees: money & new Christian communities, 1900-1940 Mission boys, civilized men & marriage: educated African men in the missions, 1920-1945 Conclusion
40 citations
TL;DR: Jung et al. as discussed by the authors examined the effect of race and ethnicity on social and political identities in South Africa, focusing on the permanence of change, the construction of political identity, whiteness and the politics of Zulu, coloured and Afrikaner identity.
Abstract: Apartheid was a social and political system that created racial and ethnic boundaries amongst people living in South Africa. It was premised upon the concept of white supremacy and a hierarchical ordering of the races in this country. So, a book dealing with the implication of racialised identities in South Africa in the post-apartheid period is most welcome, if only to tell us how far we are moving towards realising what I call the common society model. To be sure, such a common society depends on more than speaking surreptitiously about the impact of social and political identities. Rather, we must also tackle the material inequities created and fostered by apartheid. In fact, my major criticism of this book is that it does not sufciently stress this material backdrop, especially regarding building up segregated communities with very different life chances, opportunities and material opportunities. The current thrust of what is perceived as an Africanism within the ideological repertoire of the African National Congress arises precisely because according to all indices the African majority in South Africa is the most disadvantaged as a result of the differential impact of apartheid ideology and practice. This does not, however, deny the salience of the fact that most people who increasingly used the word ‘black’ to describe their afnity in an oppressed condition were denied privileges within the apartheid framework. But, as I suggest in this framework and as is implicit in Courtney Jung’s framework, the insidiousness of apartheid (its ‘divide and rule’ approach to race and ethnicity) created different perceptions of the differential impact of apartheid upon the fortunes of the racial groups in South Africa. In her book, Then I was Black: South African Political Identities in Transition, Courtney Jung sets out to analyse changing political identities in South Africa, especially since approximately 1975. To do this, she investigates topics such as the permanence of change, the construction of political identity, whiteness and the politics of Zulu, coloured and Afrikaner identity. Finally, Jung looks at the political manipulation and conict potential of identity when it is mobilised for ethnic, religious, linguistic and racial ends. In focusing on the manipulation of identities, Jung addresses the question of whether democracy is able adequately to process politics in homogenous and non-homogenous societies such as South Africa. With regard to Zulu identity, Jung claims that at least since the time of
TL;DR: In this article, African workers and European theories Udi district on the eve of conquest - slavery, power and resistance, circa 1909 "chiefs", slaves, coercive labour and ritual resistance - the contested birth of the colonial state, Udi 1909-1914 glimpses of an African work ethic - work, power, race and race at the coal face, 1914-1920 the postwar conjecture - agitation, urbanization and the roots of military tradition, 1920-1929 the colliery on eve of World War II - industrial elaboration and worker resistance under economic collapse, 1930-
Abstract: African workers and European theories Udi district on the eve of conquest - slavery, power and resistance, circa 1909 "chiefs", slaves, coercive labour and ritual resistance - the contested birth of the colonial state, Udi 1909-1914 glimpses of an African work ethic - work, power and race at the coal face, 1914-1920 the postwar conjecture - agitation, urbanization and the roots of military tradition, 1920-1929 the colliery on the eve of World War II - industrial elaboration and worker resistance under economic collapse, 1930-1938 the politics of "productivity", unionization and the war, 1938-1945 the Iva Valley masacre of 1949 - trade union struggles in the Cold War, 1945-1950.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the conflits entre le management and les travailleurs and les tactiques and strategies utilisees par les deux groups.
Abstract: Importes en Afrique du Sud apres la guerre des Boers pour palier au manque de main d'oeuvre, les coolies chinois employes dans les mines d'or vivaient au quotidien l'exploitation et l'oppression. L'A. explore les conflits entre le management et les travailleurs et les tactiques et strategies utilisees par les deux groupes. La convergence de plusieurs circonstances a conduit a un regime de travail particulierement repressif pour les Chinois employes dans les mines d'or sud-africaines. Les coolies etaient dans une situation unique : en raison de leur statut de travailleurs sous contrat ils constituaient une force de travail captive, ce qui determinait leurs possibilites d'action et de resistance. Par ailleurs, la convergence des interets economiques de l'administration coloniale et des proprietaires des mines renforcait la dependance des mineurs chinois. Cependant, malgre ce contexte defavorable, la resistance collective des travailleurs chinois a permis d'attenuer le degre d'oppression.
TL;DR: A travers l'analyse de l'identite contemporaine des Lozi de la Zambie and de the Namibie, the authors soutient that l'impact differentiel of l'imperialisme formel a separe les identites des deux composantes de l'sancien Etat lozi, a tel point that les aspirations nationalistes postcoloniales ont egalement divergees.
Abstract: A travers l'analyse de l'identite contemporaine des Lozi de la Zambie et de la Namibie, l'A. soutient que l'impact differentiel de l'imperialisme formel a separe les identites des deux composantes de l'ancien Etat lozi, a tel point que les aspirations nationalistes postcoloniales ont egalement divergees. Ce qui sous-tend ce processus historique, c'est la perception, par chacun des deux groupes, d'une specificite propre qui les a alienes des Etats qui se sont imposes a eux a la fin de la periode coloniale. L'A. analyse l'emergence de l'influence lozi dans le sud du Barotseland et a Caprivi et examine les periodes specifiques d'influence externe imposee sur cette region. La perception de cette specificite est le resultat de deux processus historiques majeurs : l'emergence precoloniale de la domination de la nation lozi dans la sous-region et l'interaction entre les colonisateurs et differentes composantes de la nation lozi durant la periode de l'imperialisme formel. Apres l'independance, ce passe historique a forme les conceptions de la citoyennete et de la subjectivite lozi, des appels a l'autodetermination ayant emerge dans les deux pays.
TL;DR: Two interrelated developments can be identified in the Nile basin, during the last decade: an emphasis on potential conflict over the Nile waters on the one hand, and an evolving process of basin-warming on the other.
Abstract: Two interrelated developments can be identified in the Nile basin, during the last decade: an emphasis on potential conflict over the Nile waters on the one hand, and an evolving process of basin-w ...
TL;DR: Fernandez as discussed by the authors examined le role of la sexualite in the processus colonial de creolisation au Cap Vert and found that the sexualite permet de comprendre les contradictions culturelles vecues and les tensions internes de la vie sociale dans les colonies.
Abstract: L'A. examine le role de la sexualite dans le processus colonial de creolisation au Cap Vert. Elle centre son analyse sur l'utilisation interpretative de la sexualite comme mecanisme ou metaphore pour expliquer la singularite de la creolisation au Cap Vert. A travers l'analyse de son role dans les explications de la creolisation, a l'epoque coloniale et encore aujourd'hui, la sexualite permet de comprendre les contradictions culturelles vecues et les tensions internes de la vie sociale dans les colonies. L'analyse des tropes sexuels (J. W. Fernandez) peut reveler certains aspects et de la rigidite et de la vulnerabilite des formes coloniales de stratification et le debordement concomittant des frontieres raciales. Selon l'A., la sexualite a ete utilisee pour expliquer la genese des lieux creoles, ideologiquement, historiquement et culturellement. Elle suggere egalement que les tropes de la sexualite ne furent pas uniquement des fabrications de la metropole, les populations creoles etant dans une position privilegiee leur permettant de les transformer, de devenir co-auteurs de l'ideologie coloniale et de la subvertir pour des projets politiques qui leurs etaient specifiques.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a choregraphie complexe d'interactions impliquant des collectifs coloniaux, des agents autochtones et des elements naturels de l'environnement, ainsi que des mouvements tactiques de contre-vulnerabilite cherchant a proteger l'expedition and a diminuer les effets des facteurs de vulnerabilite.
Abstract: Un defi actuel de l'histoire coloniale est d'approcher le caractere heterogene, contradictoire et corporel du colonialisme dans la pratique en meme temps que sa dynamique de faiblesse et de vulnerabilite. L'A. propose une contribution a cette problematique, a travers l'analyse de l'occupation portugaise de la province interieure de Moxico, en Angola, entre 1894 et 1905. Explorant differents aspects de la vulnerabilite imperiale, il soutient que l'etude de cette vulnerabilite peut etre apprehendee a partir des arts de faire coloniaux engages pour la protection des campagnes coloniales et la reduction de leurs vulnerablites. Il critique les recits coloniaux de la vulnerablite marques par l'heroisme et l'horreur et decrit les differentes narrations de la vulnerabilite coloniale. Centrant son analyse sur l'expedition de Trigo Teixeira, il montre comment, dans le contexte de la vulnerabilite emotionnelle et physique des colons, a emerge une choregraphie complexe d'interactions impliquant des collectifs coloniaux, des agents autochtones et des elements naturels de l'environnement, ainsi que des mouvements tactiques de contre-vulnerabilite cherchant a proteger l'expedition et a diminuer les effets des facteurs de vulnerabilite.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the realite of the mission civilisatrice du Portugal en Guinee-Bissau, au-dela de la rhetorique coloniale of l'Empire comme communaute de peuples, and analyse the signification exacte du processus paternaliste de gouvernement and d'administration.
Abstract: L'A. examine la realite de la mission civilisatrice du Portugal en Guinee-Bissau, au-dela de la rhetorique coloniale de l'Empire comme communaute de peuples. Il analyse la signification exacte du processus paternaliste de gouvernement et d'administration, centrant son analyse sur les politiques et pratiques de l'Etat colonial, particulierement la nature du regime indigene (indigenato) qui gouvernait la majorite de la population, sous l'appellation pejorative d'indigenes. En contraste avec les nobles discours sur la civilisation, la realite coloniale de la Guinee-Bissau portugaise se caracterise par la domination et l'exploitation economique, la violation des droits de l'homme, et une politique de l'education marquee par le paternalisme, le racisme, et l'analphabetisme pour la majorite de la population.
TL;DR: In this paper, Olu Pearce, Tola Olu Olu, and John Comaroff discuss the significance of the Charismatic Movement in Nigeria and the Hijras: An Alternative Gender in Indian Culture.
Abstract: Editors' Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Cultural Production and Reproductive Issues: The Significance of the Charismatic Movement in Nigeria Tola Olu Pearce, University of Columbia, MO 2. Sex, Rhetoric and Ontology: Fecundism as an Ethical Problem William R. LaFleur 3. The Mythology of Masquerading post-Menopausal Women Wendy Doniger, University of Chicago, IL 4. Beyond Binary Categories: Mesoamerican Religious Sexuality Sylvia Marcos 5. The Hijras: An Alternative Gender in Indian Culture Serena Nanda 6. Mimesis in the Face of Fear: Femme Queens, Butch Queens, and Gender Play in the Houses of Greater Newark Karen McCarthy Brown 7. Tacit Containment: Social Value, Embodiment and Gender Practice in Northern Sudan Janice Boddy, University of Toronto 8. Millenial Capitalism, Occult Economics and the Crisis of Reproduction in South Africa Jean and John Comaroff, University of Chicago, IL List of Contributors Permission Acknowledgements About the Contributors Index
TL;DR: Timely...(an) extremely readable, though scholarly book It deserves wide attention as discussed by the authors. But it is not an easy book to read, and it is difficult to read.
Abstract: Timely...(an) extremely readable, though scholarly book It deserves wide attention. Church Times
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the maniere in which les leaders de lignages africains ont developpe ces avantages pour proteger les jeunes hommes de la region des abus les plus flagrants du travail force.
Abstract: L'A. aborde la question du travail force et des migrations internationales sous l'administration coloniale portugaise au Mozambique, centrant son analyse sur le district de Manica entre 1904 et 1908, une region marquee par la proximite avec la frontiere de la Rhodesie (Zimbabwe), l'eloignement avec la capitale coloniale, et des terres relativement fertiles et bien irriguees. Il explore la maniere dont les leaders de lignages africains ont developpe ces avantages pour proteger les jeunes hommes de la region des abus les plus flagrants du travail force. S'inscrivant dans la continuite des etudes coloniales sur la relation entre zone frontaliere, resistance, et strategie economique, l'approche de l'A. met particulierement en lumiere les enjeux de la mobilite transfrontaliere de la population colonisee dans la constitution du pouvoir colonial, et dont l'aspect fondamental etait le controle de la force de travail et des mouvements de populations. Il montre comment, meme dans une situation de subordination, les Africains ont contribue a la determination des contours de l'administration coloniale, injectant leurs interets dans la formation de l'autorite coloniale.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the repercussions des politiques de stabilisation de l'administration coloniale britannique for l''administration urbaine and la reconsideration du travail des Africains en milieu urbain, centrant son analyse sur la ville de Dar es Salaam (Tanganyika).
Abstract: L'A. examine les repercussions des politiques de stabilisation de l'administration coloniale britannique pour l'administration urbaine et la reconsideration du travail des Africains en milieu urbain, centrant son analyse sur la ville de Dar es Salaam (Tanganyika). Dans le contexte de l'urbanisation des villes africaines et d'un changement dans l'approche de l'administration coloniale - influencee notamment par la notion d'une sorte de citoyennete sociale universelle -, les tentatives d'ingenierie sociale urbaine de l'administration coloniale britannique furent marquees par un double paradoxe. D'une part, les efforts de l'administration coloniale pour la socialisation et l'acculturation de la population africaine n'ont pas pu prevenir l'emergence d'une societe urbaine africaine echappant a l'influence coloniale. D'autre part, contrairement aux esperances britanniques, l'ouverture d'un espace politique reel pour les Africains n'a pas permis de reaffirmer le controle colonial, mais a ouvert un espace pour la politisation de la population urbaine et la decolonisation.
TL;DR: A collection of essays in which every contributor focuses upon some aspect of slave emancipation with the aim of assessing to what extent the outcome met with expectation is presented in this article, where the hopes and disappointments that characterized the transition from slavery to freedom are depicted.
Abstract: A collection of essays in which every contributor focuses upon some aspect of slave emancipation with the aim of assessing to what extent the outcome met with expectation. The hopes and disappointments that characterized the transition from slavery to freedom are depicted.
TL;DR: The authors examine l'interaction entre les connaissances europeennes et africaines sur la nature dans la colonie du Cap durant la premiere moitie du 19 eme siecle.
Abstract: L'A. examine l'interaction entre les connaissances europeennes et africaines sur la nature dans la colonie du Cap durant la premiere moitie du 19 eme siecle. Elle soutient que la nature plus fragile des sciences et du colonialisme avant 1850 a ouvert un espace pour une collaboration plus explicite entre les connaissances europeennes et africaines sur l'environnement naturel. Deux aspects de la societe du Cap de l'epoque ont rendu cette collaboration possible : tout d'abord, les Europeens n'ayant pas encore colonise l'ensemble de l'Afrique du Sud, ils s'appuyaient plus clairement sur des informateurs africains pour comprendre le milieu naturel local. D'autre part, les naturalistes europeens, avant la deuxieme moitie du 19 eme siecle, partageaient avec les liberaux du Cap l'espoir de civiliser les Sud-africains, et ils pretaient ainsi plus d'attention a la capacite et au potentiel intellectuels des Africains. L'A. centre son analyse sur la maniere dont les Europeens et les Africains ont partage leurs connaissances sur les plantes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine quel degre les ecoles coloniales du Mozambique ont faconne la conscience raciale et nationale des enfants des colons blancs.
Abstract: L'A. examine jusqu'a quel degre les ecoles coloniales du Mozambique ont faconne la conscience raciale et nationale des enfants des colons blancs, centrant son analyse sur ceux des colons portugais qui sont restes dans le pays apres l'independance et qui ont donc opte pour l'identite nationale du Mozambique. S'inspirant de l'approche inductive systematique et d'une perspective historique-anthropologique conjoignant les theories de la culture, du pouvoir et de l'histoire, elle fonde son analyse sur l'exploitation d'archives et la collecte d'histoires orales. Elle montre comment les enfants blancs furent instruits de leur superiorite par rapport a la population majoritaire, celle-ci consideree - pejorativement - comme autochtone. Elle explore la maniere dont le nationalisme, le sentiment d'appartenance a un lieu, la race, le privilege economique, et les relations de clientele ont interagi dans la formation de la conscience des eleves du Mozambique. Mais elle montre egalement comment les ecoles coloniales ont ouvert la voie pour des conceptions alternatives de l'identite, de la race et de la nation, differentes de celles pour lesquelles l'ecole coloniale avait ete concue : la reproduction de l'hegemonie coloniale portugaise.