Showing papers in "International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence in 2006"
TL;DR: The role of foreign intelligence liaison has taken center stage in the global war on terrorism as discussed by the authors since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11), since the role of Foreign Intelligence Liaison (FI Liaison) has become prominent.
Abstract: Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11), the role of foreign intelligence liaison has taken center stage in the global war on terror. 1 Intelligence acquired through foreign liaison...
60 citations
TL;DR: The Commission on the Intelligence Community for its failure to discern the true character of Iraq's weapons-of-mass-destruction activity in 2002 has been blunt and harsh.
Abstract: Official critique of the Intelligence Community for its failure to discern the true character of Iraq's weapons-of-mass-destruction activity in 2002 has been blunt and harsh. The Commission on the ...
29 citations
TL;DR: For decades intelligence analysts have played a key role in national security decisionmaking of all kinds, and have increasingly been used by law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, and local level.
Abstract: For decades intelligence analysts have played a key role in national security decisionmaking of all kinds, and have increasingly been used by law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, and loc...
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper Islamic terrorism, prompted by a militant spirit of Jihad, or religious struggle, differs from other, previous manifestations of terrorism by dint of its global purview, networking, and operational capabilities.
Abstract: Islamic terrorism, prompted by a militant spirit of Jihad, or religious struggle, differs from other, previous manifestations of terrorism by dint of its global purview, networking, and operational...
23 citations
TL;DR: A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes as mentioned in this paper, and a lie can even travel to the United States while the real world is still in its shoes.
Abstract: A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes. —Mark Twain When Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe—and with it, the bloc services modeled after the Sovi...
16 citations
TL;DR: Findings from the clinical literature were used to make the point that humans are not particularly skilled at combining various pieces of information in order to make predictions, and by extension, intelligence analysts suffer the same fate.
Abstract: Though seemingly odd at first glance, intelligence professionals and mental health clinicians have aspects of their respective crafts in common. Both have the unenviable task of attempting to estab...
13 citations
TL;DR: As his limousine pulled into the U.S. State Department's underground garage late on a February afternoon in 1983, Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin had no idea that his scheduled meeting on the s...
Abstract: As his limousine pulled into the U.S. State Department's subterranean garage late on a February afternoon in 1983, Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin had no idea that his scheduled meeting on the s...
12 citations
TL;DR: An analysis of the five decades of intelligence involvement in the Middle East shows that when confined to local, clearly defined problems, the efforts of intelligence services have provided useful information as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An analysis of the five decades of intelligence involvement in the Middle East shows that when confined to local, clearly defined problems, the efforts of intelligence services have provided useful
10 citations
TL;DR: The United States intelligence system seems to be in serious trouble as mentioned in this paper, a group of fifteen agencies or units which successfully fought a variety of battles in the twentieth century from World War II to the present day.
Abstract: The United States intelligence system seems to be in serious trouble. A conglomerate of fifteen agencies or units which successfully fought a variety of battles in the twentieth century from World ...
10 citations
TL;DR: The BCISS, established jointly by Professor Anthony Glees and me, as its Director and Deputy Director, respectively, has a four-fold purpose:
Abstract: In late 2003, what was then called Brunel University in west London undertook to establish a new Master's degree in Intelligence and Security Studies (MA/ISS) as part of a wider program of initiati...
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the first Director of National Intelligence (DNI), John Negroponte, has started his new job, political attention in Washington is lik... and the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 has become law.
Abstract: Now that the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 has become law and the first Director of National Intelligence (DNI), John Negroponte, has started his new job, political attention in Washington is lik...
TL;DR: The role of intelligence organizations is to contribute to the Rule of Law, the stability of institutions and collective security as discussed by the authors. But, as stated by the authors of this paper, "Intelligence organizations are the eyes and ears of the coercive apparatus of the state whose role is to contributing to the rule of law, the Stability of institutions, and the collective security".
Abstract: Intelligence organizations are the eyes and ears of the coercive apparatus of the state whose role is to contribute to the Rule of Law, the stability of institutions and collective security…. In a ...
TL;DR: The 9/11 Commission report touched only briefly on the subject of congressional oversight of intelligence, concluding that the current state of intelligence oversight is "dysfun" as mentioned in this paper. But, as noted by
Abstract: While the 9/11 Commission Report touches only briefly on the subject of congressional oversight of intelligence, the Commission concluded that the current state of intelligence oversight is “dysfun...
TL;DR: The 2004 Speech from the Throne noted that there is no role more fundamental for government than the protection of its citizens as mentioned in this paper, and this realization of a government's primary obligation is nothing...
Abstract: The 2004 Speech from the Throne noted that “there is no role more fundamental for government than the protection of its citizens.” 1 This realization of a government's primary obligation is nothing...
TL;DR: The FSB, the main successor to the KGB and responsible primarily for domestic security and counterintelligence, has gained control of the country's political and economic systems as mentioned in this paper. But the FSB's influence is limited.
Abstract: Russia's intelligence service, the FSB, the main successor to the KGB and responsible primarily for domestic security and counterintelligence, has gained control of the country's political and econ...
TL;DR: The ongoing controversy over the accuracy of pre-Iraq war intelligence reports on that country's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the results of the subsequent Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) investigation of this intelligence failure rang some familiar bells as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The ongoing controversy over the accuracy of pre–Iraq war intelligence reports on that country’s weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the results of the subsequent Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) investigation of this intelligence failure rang some familiar bells. Two decades ago, those of us working on the Indochina target were involved in an eerily similar effort to determine the truthfulness of charges that the Soviet Union and its Vietnamese allies were using an earlier WMD called ‘‘yellow rain’’—a chemical–biological agent, a weaponized mycotoxin made from a poisonous fungus—against insurgent forces in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan. The similarities between the two cases are striking. In both cases, the countries accused of possessing the weapons (Iraq in one case and the Soviet Union and Vietnam in the other) were brutal, dictatorial police states whose aggressive actions against their neighbors threatened international stability. The countries were classic ‘‘hard target denied areas’’ where intelligence collection was extremely difficult. In both cases, the allegations of the possession or use of WMD were fervently supported by representatives of newly elected Presidents who advocated vigorous, proactive United States foreign and military policy positions, and who were critical of what they viewed as the passive and ineffective policies of
TL;DR: The world remains in danger of slipping into complex global emergencies on several fronts as mentioned in this paper, and at the same time, the United Nations is rethinking its organization and mission; information technology is...
Abstract: The world remains in danger of slipping into complex global emergencies on several fronts. At the same time, the United Nations is rethinking its organization and mission; information technology is...
TL;DR: The role played by the top leadership of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, in the anti-Nazi resistance is well-known as discussed by the authors, and the importance of the role of the resistance is acknowledged.
Abstract: Intelligence professionals have long been aware of the significant role in the anti-Nazi resistance (the “Resistance”) played by the top leadership of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence o...
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of intelligence and the intelligence services in the United Kingdom's (UK) arms exports policy and arms exports in general has been largely unavailable, despite the extensive a...
Abstract: Information on the role of intelligence and the intelligence services in the United Kingdom's (UK) arms exports policy and arms exports in general has been largely unavailable. Amid the extensive a...
TL;DR: The red line which divided intelligence from policymakers during the Cold War is now blurred, if not gone as mentioned in this paper, and policy officials armed with raw reported data no longer hesitate to shape intelligence, and intelligence officers now recommend policy moves.
Abstract: The ‘‘red line’’ is a warning to intelligence officers that, to maintain credibility with the policy community, they must limit their role to informing policy discussions rather than expressing policy preferences. Intelligence officers who advocate a certain policy can be accused of distorting intelligence. But the red line which divided intelligence from policymakers during the Cold War is now blurred, if not gone. Policy officials armed with raw reported data no longer hesitate to shape intelligence, and intelligence officers now recommend policy moves. But, the 2004 law on intelligence reform—through the creation of a Director of National Intelligence—provides an opportunity to restore the red line. Then -Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) Porter J. Goss made clear in his 17 March 2005 testimony to the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee that the global war on terrorism, including operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, is today’s dominant intelligence priority, with fundamental changes being made to the United States Intelligence Community to provide counterterrorism and war-fighter support. These include the redirection of people and collection systems, as well as rapidly expanding programs, budgets, and capabilities. Counterterrorism operations are intelligenceintensive, time-sensitive, and tactical in nature, and it is thus appropriate that the DCI’s daily schedule is dominated by the global war on terrorism. Arguably, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), with its responsibility for
TL;DR: ‘‘Deception and Denial’’ are as old as warfare and requires understanding the adversary's thought processes and manipulating them to the deceiver’s advantage.
Abstract: ‘‘Deception and Denial’’ are as old as warfare. Denial is straightforward; it refers to denying an adversary useful information, usually concerning one’s own forces and plans, but also other intelligence of military value, such as weather and geographical data. The methods of information denial are also straightforward. They include hiding objects under opaque covers, indoors or in forests or caves, encrypting communications or making them hard to intercept by other means—jamming, moving in darkness, reducing incidental emissions of observable signals (this can be as simple as blackouts and radio silence), closing communications channels, etc. Deception involves supplying false information rather than denying true information. It depends on successful prediction of how an adversary will use that false information, and has been studied by sociologists. It requires understanding the adversary’s thought processes (‘‘getting inside his decision loop’’) and manipulating them to the deceiver’s advantage.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an audio recording of a Jihadist attack on the international energy industry, and in particular its oil, natural gas, and pipeline sectors, which they describe as "global militant Jihadist terrorism".
Abstract: Global militant Jihadist terrorism has explicitly and directly threatened the international energy industry, and in particular its oil, natural gas, and pipeline sectors. An audio recording, ostens...
TL;DR: As intelligence professionals with extensive experience in the field of complex transnational organized crime, they have developed a model of criminal intelligence which they call Fractal Intelligence.
Abstract: Intelligence, now ingrained into all major law enforcement agencies, is expanding into mainstream business practices as “competitive intelligence.” It is absorbing enormous resources, and not just ...
TL;DR: The Council of Ten or Consiglio Dei Diece (CDX) as discussed by the authors was designed to serve as a wide-ranging information gathering body for the Venetian Republic.
Abstract: Long before the Central Intelligence Agency, the KGB, or even the Oprichnina, there existed in Venice an intelligence apparatus that encapsulated the intelligence and counterintelligence activities of the modern intelligence service. Conducting a wide range of intelligence activities, the Council of Ten or Consiglio Dei Diece (CDX), was designed to serve as a wide-ranging information-gathering body. Created to respond to threats to the Venetian Republic, the CDX performed intelligence, counterintelligence, and military intelligence activities which were strongly slanted toward Venice’s continued economic dominance in the Mediterranean and the maintenance of its status quo as the serene republic.
TL;DR: The insidious nature of drugs has become especially visible in contemporary warfare as mentioned in this paper, from the Balkans to the Hindu Kush, and from the Andes to the Golden Triangle, warfare is occurring alongside drugs.
Abstract: The insidious nature of drugs has become especially visible in contemporary warfare. From the Balkans to the Hindu Kush, and from the Andes to the Golden Triangle, warfare is occurring alongside wi...
TL;DR: Secure Flight as mentioned in this paper is a pre-boarding passenger assessment system to prevent high-risk individuals from boarding a flight without affecting the travel of the latter, which is based on the Secure Flight system proposed by the United States Transportation Security Administration.
Abstract: How to prevent terrorists and other high-risk individuals from boarding commercial flights? Finding the operational answer to this question has long been an important element of aviation security policy. After all, commercial flights have been the casualty of international terrorism for decades now. Traditionally, however, their role was that of targets. A terrorist group hijacked a plane in an attempt to coerce a government to change its policies. This means that allowing terrorists to board a commercial fl ight was a security failure, but not necessarily an irremediable one as it was always possible to find a negotiated solution to the crisis. The attacks of 11 September 2001 (9=11) changed the nature of the threat to civil aviation. The use of hijacked commercial planes as weapons against the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and perhaps the White House or Congress, made it apparent that negotiating with hijackers is no longer a realistic policy. Accordingly, the question of how to prevent terrorists willing to die for their cause from boarding commercial flights has acquired a new priority. One policy option is to conduct pre-boarding passenger assessments to distinguish high-risk from low-risk individuals so as to prevent the former from boarding a flight without affecting the travel of the latter. The United States is currently testing one such program, known as ‘‘Secure Flight.’’ This screening system enables the U.S. Transportation Security Administration to conduct real-time comparisons of passenger information
TL;DR: Turner as mentioned in this paper explains why many published intelligence reformers, from Allen to Bauer to Berkowitz to Codevilla to Gentry to Goodman to Gerecht to Fialka to Godson to Johnson to Levine to Odom to Riebling to Steele to Treverton to Wiebes to Zegart.
Abstract: Michael A. Turner’s article, ‘‘Intelligence Reform and the Politics of Entrenchment’’ (IJIC, Vol. 18, No. 3, Fall 2005, pp. 383–397) is gripping, compelling, and illuminative. He clearly explains why we many published intelligence reformers, from Allen to Bauer to Berkowitz to Codevilla to Gentry to Goodman to Gerecht to Fialka to Godson to Johnson to Levine to Odom to Riebling to Steele to Treverton to Wiebes to Zegart, have failed all these years. I am reminded of Machiavelli:
TL;DR: In the Berlin-Schoeneberg district court, Germany, the defendants were two Russian emigres, Vladimir Grigor'evich Orlov and Mikhail Georgievich Pavlunovskii.
Abstract: On 1 July 1929, a trial opened in the Berlin-Schoeneberg district court, Germany. The defendants were two Russian emigres, Vladimir Grigor'evich Orlov and Mikhail Georgievich Pavlunovskii, also kno...
TL;DR: On 4 August 2005, U.S. Department of Defense official Lawrence Franklin and former American-Israeli Political Action Committee (AIPAC) staffers Steve Rosen and Keith Weissman were indicted on one o...
Abstract: On 4 August 2005, U.S. Department of Defense official Lawrence Franklin and former American–Israeli Political Action Committee (AIPAC) staffers Steve Rosen and Keith Weissman were indicted on one o...