Showing papers in "International Journal of Materials Engineering Innovation in 2022"

Chemical treatments and mechanical characterisation of natural fibre reinforced composite materials - a review

Abstract: At the present scenario, fibre composites play a vital role in fabricating components or parts used in the area of automobile, sports equipment, aerospace and biomedical, etc. Composites reinforced with natural fibres (sisal, hemp, jute, bamboo, coir, flax, etc.) enhanced the chemical and mechanical properties. The use of synthetic fibres instead of natural fibres as an alternative reinforcement is a fascinating interest to researchers and scientists all over the world because of their admirable properties such as abundantly available, low cost, less density, high specific strength, and biodegradable characteristics. However, achieving good compatibility between reinforcement and matrix is challenging during the preparation of natural fibre composites. Hence, to overcome this issue, chemical treatments are considered as the potential method to improve the fibre properties and mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and water absorption. In this present study, an overview of the various chemical treatments and mechanical characterisation of the natural fibre for utilising in fibre-reinforced polymer composites are reviewed.

Electrical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloys: a comprehensive review

Abstract: Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is commonly used to machine hard-to-cut materials without physical contact between the workpiece and the tool. It works on a dominant thermal mechanism in which the material is eroded by melting and vaporising through numerous high-energy sparks. This paper presents a thorough literature review about the research findings of ED machining for different grades of nickel-based superalloys. These studies correlate experimental results with theoretical analysis, aiming to improve the performance parameters such as material removal rate, electrode wear rate and surface quality. The work focuses on the various process parameters and their influences on multiple responses. This paper also elaborates on the modelling and simulation techniques used to improve the machining efficiency by optimising the process parameters. This review paper includes the recent developments such as hybrid EDM technology mixing nano-particles in dielectric fluids and also lays forth a scope for future research.

Analysis of high-speed CNC milling of Ti-6Al-4V by multi-objective crow optimisation and multi-objective PSO

Abstract: Ti-6Al-4V is extensively utilised as a functionally advanced material in different fields. Poor mechanisation and absence of machining innovation are major issues in the application of Ti-6Al-4V. In this research, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis have been used to make input-output relationships. The optimisation method was applied to get the maximum material removal rate (MRR) and minimum surface roughness (SR). These responses were optimised simultaneously and composed as a multi-objective optimisation issue. In multi-objective optimisation, the effects of both responses were taken by the grey correlation analysis (GRA) method. This multi-objective optimisation issue has been solved applying two metaheuristic algorithms, namely, the crow optimisation algorithm, and the particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The optimisation results show great concurrence with the response surface methodology (RSM) results. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was also employed to visualise the impact of procedure parameters on the surface topography.

Optimisation of wire EDM process parameters using Taguchi technique for machining of hybrid composites

Abstract: In the mechanical industry, properties of high toughness, rigidity, and impact resistance are in high demand. Over the last two decades, machine tools have grown rapidly, but they are still not widely employed to their full potential. The difficulty of achieving effective parameters has attracted the interest of investigators and engineers. In this investigation, stir cast aluminium matrix composites (AMC-LM5/6%ZrO2/2%, 3%, 4% graphite) were utilised to find the optimal process parameters in WEDM. The importance of improving MRR in WEDM machining cannot be under estimated. To get the intended effects, the trials were conducted by means of the Taguchi approach L27 orthogonal array. ANOVA determines the outcome of machining parameters that influence the normal characteristics as well as the relative contribution of machining parameters. The S/N ratio analysis identifies the parameter that has the greatest influence. The experimental MRR is 9.30 mm3/min, while predicted MRR is 9.46 mm3/min.

Wear resistance performance of sheet metal die materials: a review

Abstract: The high and ultra-high strength steel materials are widely used in sheet metal forming processes such as stamping, bending, piercing, etc. in the automotive industry. Because of a strong adhesive propensity between the tool and the surface, the wear of the tool is created. The wear of the tool affects the dimensional property of the products, problems of surface quality and consequently interruptions of production. The wear behaviour and wear mechanisms of sheet metal dies were studied in this paper. This paper focuses on recent developments in tribological tool wear and provides adequate data on tool wear features.

Design and fabrication of Epoxy-based Hip Implants

Abstract: Prosthetic joints are usually fabricated from medical-grade metals, such as titanium and ceramics. However, despite major advances in replacement hip bones made from such materials, there always remains the issue of biocompatibility and ultimately corrosion caused by the physiological conditions surrounding the prosthetic. Corrosion leads to deterioration of the structure and loss of mechanical strength in the prosthetic. Ultimately, the replacement hip will itself need to be replaced with all the surgical and physical limitations that will entail.

Design and fabrication of epoxy-based hip implant

Abstract: Generally, hip implants are fabricated by metals and ceramics due to their excellent mechanical strength. However, the body fluid causes severe corrosion of these materials, deteriorating the implant's structural integrity and mechanical strength. The present work is intended to design and fabricate the epoxy-based hip implant with enhanced physical and mechanical characteristics. The epoxy-based hip implant was designed using manual calculations and modelling software. The analysis shows that the maximum stress acting on the neck of the hip implant is 27.18 MPa which was lower than the yield strength of epoxy resin (107.52 MPa). It was observed that the stresses are concentrated on the neck of the implant. Further, we poured epoxy into a 3D printed PLA mould to manufacture the epoxy-based hip implant. The hip implant was tested experimentally using polariscope and a universal testing machine. The polariscope results reveal similar stress behaviour to the simulated results obtained by modelling software. The maximum stress of 5.22 MPa was applied to the neck of the implant. The compression test shows that the fabricated hip implant has mechanical characteristics similar to a human bone, making it suitable for implant application.