Showing papers in "International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology in 2015"

The effects of pay satisfaction and affective commitment on turnover intention

Abstract: One of the antecedents of turnover and turnover intention is job attitude. Among the job attitudes in the organizations, many researchers have focused on satisfaction and organizational commitment as the factors affecting turnover intention. Meta-analysis studies have noted that correlation between turnover intentions is higher relative to its relationship with satisfaction which indicates the possibility of mediation relationship. One facet of satisfaction which is important in predicting turnover intention is pay satisfaction. Only a few studies have been conducted to test the mediation relationship among the variables. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effect of pay satisfaction on turnover intention, which is mediated by affective commitment. Instruments used in this study were the Indonesian version of Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire (Heneman & Schwab, 1985), Affective Commitment Scale (Allen & Meyer, 1990), and Turnover Intention Scale, which were delivered to 183 employees of an automotive manufacture company in Indonesia. The data of 150 respondents involved were analyzed using path analysis with latent variables. The result showed that turnover intention was significantly predicted by both pay satisfaction ( γ 1 = -0.19, p < 0.05) and affective commitment ( β = -0.77, p < 0.05), while affective commitment was significantly predicted by pay satisfaction ( γ 2 = 0.32, p < 0.05). The model supported for a partial mediation and that there were both direct and indirect effects of pay satisfaction on turnover. Affective commitment played an effective role in mediating the relationship between pay satisfaction and turnover intention.

Are daily spiritual experiences, self-esteem, and family harmony predictors of cyberbullying among high school student?

Abstract: Currently, the incidence of cyberbullying increase widespread among children and adolescents in Indonesia One of eight parents stated that their children have been victims of abused and humiliation through online media As many as 55% of parents said they knew one child experienced cyberbullying This study aims to investigate cyberbullying related to daily spiritual experiences, self-esteem and family harmony Present study also explores the factors that lead to the emergence of the cyberbullying phenomenon among high school students Cross sectional method was used in this study ANOVA was also used for data analysis A total of 150 high school students from three schools in Yogyakarta involved randomly in the study The results show that there was a significant difference in the level of family harmony and the experience of being a victim among perpetrators with non-perpetrators The result also found that the perpetrators of cyberbullying who have done more than two times (several times) have high level of family harmony, while the perpetrators who only do one or two times have lower level of family harmony The implication of study was discussed further

Overlap of religiosity and spirituality among Filipinos and its implications towards religious prosociality

Abstract: Religious people help. A bulk of studies indicates that the high importance an individual gives to his/her religion is associated with prosocial behavior (e.g., Saroglou, 2013). Although religiosity is consistently associated with prosocial behavior, most Western studies found that religiosity is more related to helping close others whereas spirituality is associated to helping both close and unknown others. Yet, when applied in Filipino context, peculiarities were found. Specifically, correlation result indicates that the religiosity and spirituality among Filipinos are strongly associated. Moreover, result on moderated hierarchical regression analysis shows that religious prosociality among Filipinos does not depend on the social categorization of the target of help. Together, these results reflect the dynamics of religiosity and prosocial behavior among Filipinos.

The role of personality and intercultural effectiveness towards study abroad academic and social activities

Abstract: With the current trend of higher education study abroad exchanges, opportunities for travelling and studying in another country are at an all-time high. These exchanges are noted for providing both academic and sociocultural benefits. However, these heightened opportunities have also started to cause parents and academics to wonder about the quality of such experiences. Literature suggests that the students’ personality and their intercultural competencies play an important role in the success of their study abroad experience. In Taiwan, due to the decreasing number of local incoming students, higher education institutions are gearing up in becoming quality venues of study abroad programs. Hence, understanding how study abroad students are doing in Taiwan is quite crucial in attracting future enrollees. In light of these issues, the current paper presents the findings of a quantitative study accomplished during the fall semester of 2014 in Taiwan. A total of 888 volunteer foreign students participated in a survey which includes the 44 items Big-Five Personality Inventory (BFI) and the 20 item Intercultural Effectiveness Scale (IES). In addition, the frequency and satisfaction of both academic and social activities are also asked. Results were then tabulated and computed using the software SPSS. Findings show that the various IES factors are positively correlated with BFI factors with the exception of neuroticism, which is negatively correlated. In addition, results also show that there exists a significant gender difference among the students’ interaction relax and interaction management factors, and also with the personalities of conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism. Lastly, results show that there are significant differences in all the IES and BFI factors with regards to the different students’ enrolment ethnic categories and academic and social activities. Such results indicate that both academic and social activities during study abroad are much dependent on the students’ personality and their intercultural competencies. Hence, it is suggested that prior/arrival intercultural workshops be accomplished in order to ease the adjustment process.

The predictor role of gratitude and psychological vulnerability on forgiveness

Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the relationships among forgiveness, gratitude, and psychological vulnerability. 416 university students completed the Trait Forgiveness Scale, Gratitude Scale and Psychological Vulnerability Scale. The Participants’ degree programs were psychological counselling and guidance, primary education, special education, early childhood education, science education, and child development. Relationships between the three constructs were analyzed through The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to examine the extent to which forgiveness was predicted by gratitude and psychological vulnerability. Results showed that there were significant relationships between forgiveness, gratitude, and psychological vulnerability. Indices of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that forgiveness was strongly predicted by gratitude and psychological vulnerability. The findings highlight the importance of gratitude and psychological vulnerability in the level of forgiveness.

The syndrome of burnout among Iranian university professors teaching TEFL

Abstract: This study aimed at finding out whether the role of a teacher in a classroom influences the level of burnout s/he may experience. The teacher's role was investigated in the light of Goffman’s Footing theory, according to which the role is classified into three categories of animator, author, and principal. Goffman (1981) believed that an animator is a person who exactly repeats the ideas expressed by the others; an author paraphrases the statement, and the principal is a person who explains her/his original opinions. A total of 30 university professors teaching TEFL at BA and MA levels were chosen and filled Maslach’s Burnout Inventory to measure their level of burnout in terms of three subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. In addition, a metaphor checklist was given to their students who were asked to select among 21 metaphors, the ones representing animator, author, and principal roles that appropriately described the role of each of the 30 professors. The findings indicated that burnout was lower in the professors who adopted the principal role and higher in those who took on the animator and author roles respectively. The results offer pedagogical implications for the university context.

Scuba divers’ household behaviour to reduce plastic and food waste

Abstract: The attempt to study if scuba produces positive pro-environmental behaviour, used the theory of planned behaviour to build a new model to observe variables capable to explain possible reduction of plastic and food waste in the household. Previous studies have recognised subjective norms as giving little contribution to recycling process and waste prevention control; as a consequence the proposed model excludes such variable, but introduces scuba diving, awareness and demographic variables to register different behaviours adopted by divers and non-divers. A questionnaire was developed to assess 181 U.S. divers regarding their household practices for plastic and food waste production, and two-step cluster analysis was used to observe how variables can relate to each other. Although clusters containing values for environmental awareness, attitude toward the behaviour and perceived behaviour control can be used as important combination to predict for pro-environmental behaviour, the fact of being a certified scuba diver is not significant for environmental behavioural. However, it definitely plays an important role in raising awareness of and observing the impacts on the reef. Thus, scuba diving is only characterized as a good vehicle for promoting good environmental practices, motivating people to rethink their attitudes toward their behaviour in the household.

Impact of perceived social support and gender on creativity level of university undergraduates

Abstract: The present study examined the impact of perceived social support and gender on creativity level in a sample of university undergraduates. The present study was conducted on undergraduates taken from University of Sargodha through random sampling ( N = 177; M.A/M.Sc, II, and IV). Sample was comprised of boys ( n = 74) and girls ( n = 103). Urdu translated Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Yousaf & Ghayas, 2003) was used to measure perceived social support; while, creativity was assessed through Urdu translated Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (Shaheen, 2010). Analyses portrayed that perceived social support was significant and positive predictor of creativity. Gender difference was not found in perceived social support. Analysis revealed that girls were significantly high on creativity as compared to boys. The t-test analysis revealed that girl’s scores were significantly high on fluency, abstractness of title, resistance to premature closure, abstractness of title, originality and fantasy than boys. While, boys scored high on internal visualization as compared to girls. Non-significant gender difference were found in elaboration, movement or action, storytelling articulateness, humor, expressiveness of title, colorfulness of imagery, unusual visualization, synthesis of lines, extending or breaking boundaries, synthesis of incomplete figure, richness of imagery. Limitation and suggestions for future studies have been discussed.

The Filipino character strength of utang na loob: Exploring contextual associations with gratitude

Abstract: The goal of this study was to examine these two values ( utang na loob and gratitude) in terms of how they are understood by Filipinos and how they are manifested in the hope of delineating meanings and establishing links between the two construct. Using qualitative responses of Filipino respondents regarding their conception of utang na loob and gratitude, the following descriptions were identified: pagkilala (acknowledgement), pagtutumbas (reciprocity), and panlipunang gampanin (social responsibility) as conceptual meanings for utang na loob; and pasasalamat (thankfulness) and pagtutumbas (reciprocity) for gratitude. Reciprocity being found to be shared by two concepts was also analyzed and contextualized.

Validating the Persian versions of L2 ambiguity tolerance and learning approach scales and probing possible associations

Abstract: The present study aims at validating the Persian versions of two-rarely explored scales among Iranian EFL learners. The first one is the 'second language tolerance of ambiguity' scale (SLTA) developed by Ely (1995) to measure students' level of tolerating ambiguities. It includes 12 items and employs a 5-point Likert scale. The second one is the 'revised study process questionnaire' (R-SPQ-2F) designed by Biggs, Kember, and Leung (2001). It consists of 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale. It measures learning approach and comprises two scales: deep and surface learning approach. Each scale includes two subscales: strategies and motive. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) substantiated the validity and reliability of the translated versions of scales in Iranian context. It was also revealed that there is a significant correlation between EFL learner's ambiguity tolerance and learning approach. In particular, it was found that ambiguity tolerance is positively associated with deep learning approach and negatively with surface learning approach.

Subjective well-being of Filipino farm children

Abstract: How do farm children evaluate their lives as a whole? Using the framework of Ed Diener, this paper explores farm children’s positive emotions, negative emotions, global life judgment and work satisfaction that will ultimately reflect their subjective well-being (SWB). It also discusses the nature of farm work engagement of these children and their positive and negative experiences on it. Using qualitative data, the paper found out that children are involved in different farming activities. In particular, the theme found on children’s positive experiences on farm includes the social reward of farming while prominent on their negative experiences are linked with innate conditions on farm, task-related injuries, negative bodily response and interactions with others on farm. Using quantitative data the paper found out that they have high level of SWB. The high level of SWB among children engaged in farming is characterized by high levels of positive emotion, global life judgment and work satisfaction, and low level of negative emotion. More so, differences on the level of SWB between in-school and out-of-school farm children were explored. The paper concludes that in spite of difficulties on farm these children are happy and evaluate their lives positively; hence, the virtue of resiliency.

Cognitive demands of processing expository text: Pedagogical implications for enhancing coherent text base among less skilled readers

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of cognitive load in the processing of expository text between skilled and less skilled readers from three selected Junior High Schools in one Municipality in Ghana. The findings of this study show consistent pattern of differences between skilled and less skilled readers when tested on item difficulty as function of abstractness along five variables and item difficulty as degree of inference along four variables: the more difficult the task given to the two groups, the wider the performance differences across the different variables between them. This was interpreted as cognitive load effect: whereas some tasks may facilitate a particular type of text comprehension, others may not be that effective especially for less proficient readers. Unlike skilled readers whose lower-level processes are well automated, the poor readers in this experimental study allocated more attention to lower processes and consequently attention allocation to higher mental process and global text features was impaired. Instructional implications for enhancing coherent text base among less proficient readers are suggested.

Success at work requires successful leaders?: The elements of successful leadership according to leaders and employees of a Finnish mid-size enterprise

Abstract: This study focused on the reciprocal nature of leadership from the point of view of success, when defined a manifestation of expertise, high performances, productivity, and positive work experiences. Leaders’ action with and among their employees formed the core of the study. The purpose was to find out how leaders themselves and their employees describe success at work and leadership practices that support the success. The study was conducted among leaders and employees in a mid-size Finnish enterprise. Two research questions were set for this study: (1) How do the leaders and supervisors describe successful leadership? and (2) How do the employees describe successful leadership? This study employed a multi method approach that combined qualitative research methods within one study. The leaders and supervisors (N=15) were interviewed while employees (N=29) participated by filling out an open-ended questionnaire. Elements of successful leadership in leaders’ and supervisors’ and employees’ descriptions are presented as results. Leadership for success at work maintains that a leader or supervisor finds leadership as his or her personal strength. The social element of using the strength was strongly emphasized in this data. Much of the strength becomes manifested through the social interaction between leaders and supervisors and employees, where positivity can be the key element. Those who have this perception are likely to enjoy their work as leaders, find it meaningful, inspiring, and energizing, and to succeed as leaders and make followers succeed as well especially in the changing world of work.

A mixed methods analysis of EFL teachers' self-regulated strategies and burnout

Abstract: This study examined the link between self-regulation and burnout depletion among Iranian EFL teachers quantitatively and explored the burnout sources and various patterns of self-regulated strategies in different EFL levels qualitatively. For this aim, a total of 125 English language teachers teaching in various language institutes in Mashhad took part in this study. They completed two questionnaires: Teacher Self-regulation Scale (TSRS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The findings yielded via correlation analysis documented that there was a negative significant relationship between applying self-regulated strategies and burnout depletion. Subsequent data analyses via Stepwise Regression showed that among the components of self-regulated strategies, goal setting was the best predictor of burnout. Results from interview analysis revealed that teachers applied different self-regulated strategies at each level and experienced different burnout sources. The implications were further discussed with reference to earlier findings.

Religious song as a facilitator of prosocial behavior

Abstract: Religion plays an important role in human life. In a recent review, religiosity has been associated with prosocial behavior; although consistent, the association was weak (Saroglou, 2013). To understand religious prosociality, varying theoretical contentions were offered (Preston, Salomon, & Ritter, 2013). The present study tested Supernatural Monitoring Hypothesis and sought to identify the role of the thought of a watching God in a religious individual’s prosocial behavior. With this aim, an experiment was conducted with two groups of participants wherein the experimental group was primed with the thought of a watching God through a song translation. Results of independent samples t-test showed that religious participants who were primed offered more time for a volunteer work compared to those who were not primed. Implications of this study point to the role of the thought of a watching God in prosocial behavior.

Problematic internet use and academic achievement among teacher-trainees in Israeli colleges

Abstract: Digital technology has penetrated all aspects of modern culture, and it has been purported revolutionize education. However, a growing concern alludes to subtle adverse effects it may have on learning outcomes. The current work studied the association between problematic Internet use (PIU) and academic achievements among pre-service teacher trainee students (N=138) from two educational colleges in Israel. A significant interaction effect for PIU and gender was observed on students' grades, while holding four demographic variables as covariate. These results indicate an underlying behavioral phenomenon with unique relevance in an educational context.

Relational communication, emotional intelligence, and marital satisfaction

Abstract: This research was designed to investigate the role of relational communication and emotional intelligence on quality of marital satisfaction. This is hypothesized that effective communication and higher emotional intelligence is likely to predict the greater marital satisfaction. The sample for the current research comprised of 100 married couples taken from diverse family setups, i.e. nuclear vs. Joint. The age range of the participants was from 20 years to 55 years of age. Translated, adapted and validated Emotional versions of Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al., 1998), Marital Satisfaction Inventory Revised (Snyder, 1997) and Relational Communication Scale (Burgoon & Hale, 1987) were employed for data collection. Pearson product moment correlation was employed to find relationship between relational communication, emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction. The results indicated that there is significant relationship between relational communication, emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction. Regression analyses revealed that emotional intelligence, husband’s education, monthly income and family system emerged as strong predictors of marital satisfaction. The findings carry strong implications for the family therapists, marital counselors and researchers in the domain of family studies.

Mental revolution of child bullying victims in Indonesia: Parenting styles and ethnic groups effect

Abstract: Recently, there has been a lot of information about bullying at school provided in the printed media or on the electronic media such as television broadcasts. In general, aggressive behavior or violence is common at schools in Indonesia, but is not getting enough attention. Even, it might not be considered as something serious. The characteristics of students identified as perpetrators of bullying showed 1.65 times more apparent in children from families with authoritarian parenting style compared with those who come from the families with open parenting style (participatory). Besides, bullying results from ethnic differences or races. It refers to the physical appearance such as skin color, hair style, and etc. Bullying which results from those differences tend to appear among children in various ethnic groups and races, but bullying among children who are from the same ethnic group and races is also inevitable. One of the strategies to minimize bullying at schools in Indonesia is to implement a religion and culture-based curricula to support the mental revolution program at schools. This strategy needs to be done through some curriculum areas such as personal development, health and physical education, child protection education and character building.

Attitudes toward risk, social dominance orientation and perceived scarcity of the opposite sex on Indonesian woman migrant workers

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the role of social dominance orientation and perceived scarcity of the opposite sex in predicting attitudes toward risks on Indonesian Woman Migrant Workers (IWMW) that will work abroad The method used for this study was quantitative non-experimental and correlational-predictive by using questionnaires as the measuring instrument This study involved 258 unmarried IWMW ( M age = 20089 years old; SD age = 5142 years old) fostered by National Agency for the Placement and Protection of IWMW (BNP2TKI) and those in shelters Result of the study shows that social dominance orientation and perceived scarcity of the opposite sex can predict attitudes toward risks on IWMW ( R 2 = 0343) Social dominance orientation is able to positively predict attitudes toward risks ( β = 0618; p < 001) and perception of the number of opposite sex is able to negatively predict attitudes toward risks ( β = -0159; p < 001)

A study of contextual precursors of burnout among EFL teachers

Abstract: Teachers’ burnout has been recognized as a serious occupational problem in school systems worldwide. The primary aim of the present study is to delve into the context laden factors affecting teacher burnout. In particular, it sought to investigate EFL teachers' burnout across two strikingly different contexts of EFL learning in Iran, i.e., high schools and language institutes. Besides, it aimed at examining the role of gender, age, and years of teaching experience in teacher burnout. A total of 120 teachers, 60 secondary school teachers and 60 institute EFL teachers completed the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI-ES) questionnaire. The results demonstrated that teachers in Official context reported significantly higher levels of burnout than teachers in Non-official context. In terms of age and years of teaching experience, the results of the study showed that teacher burnout and its subscales positively and significantly correlated with both teachers' age and teachers' years of teaching experience in both contexts. Furthermore, regarding gender differences in teacher burnout, the present study found no significant difference in burnout level in both contexts. Finally, the results were discussed in the context of language learning and some suggestions were presented to administrators for using a suppressive strategy to prognosticate teacher burnout.

Students’ perception on the effects of basic clinical skills training in preclinical phase to national OSCE

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate students’ perception on effect of BCS training in preclinical phase to national OSCE. Cross sectional study was conducted at FMHS during January and December 2013. After students finished national OSCE, they were asked to filled up questionnaire that comprised their perception on effect of BCS training in preclinical phase whether helpful to pass national OSCE. There were nine items questionnaire with Likert Scale of 1-5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree) and open question for comments. There were 50 students of total 53 students involved (response rate was 94.3%). Generally students’ perception on effect of BCS training to national OSCE was fair (3.53 ± 0.58). Students revealed that preclinical phase curriculum didn’t effect to their succeed to pass national OSCE, whilst physical examination training gained the highest score (3.38 ± 0.87 and 3.66 ± 0.74, respectively). Overall students’ perception on effect of BCS training to national OSCE was fair. In the future we have to revise our preclinical phase curriculum which integrate with BCS training curriculum and enhance students’ clinical reasoning process to improve students’ performance in national OSCE.

Green education-based model online career counseling “ACIS-Q” to enhance career maturity of vocational schools students

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to acquire: (1) empirical data on career maturity of vocational school (SMKs) students; (2) empirical data on actual career guidance and counseling (BK) services at SMKs and the need of students and guidance and counseling teachers/counsellors (BK/K) against model online career counseling (OCC); and (3) model OCC to boost career maturity of SMKs students. The research using the method of research and development (R & D) to develop the OCC. Research population includes all the students of 10th grade at state SMKs in Jakarta province for educational year 2013/2014. Research sample amounts to 292 students and 10 BK/K teachers in Jakarta province. The sample is selected by using multistage cluster random sampling technique. Data collection applies inventory of career maturity and actualization as well expectation. Quantitative data is analyzed by using descriptive statistics with percentage technique with the aid of SPSS version 18.0 for Windows software. The research result covers: First, career maturity of SMKs students based on personal evaluation generally stands at the mature category. However, test result of detail is generally not mature yet which is signaled by inexistence of detailed career planning and information, no comprehension yet on information of liked work group and how to set up career decision. Second, BK/K teachers and SMKs students commonly need model OCC. Information required entails self-potential assessment and career information. Third, OCC ACIS-Q is obtained by utilizing green education media in the form of website in a bid to bolsters career maturity of SMKs students. Research recommendation is addressed to students, BK/K teachers and coming researchers for use and to complete the model OCC ACIS-Q.

The students’ view on the relationship of basic clinical skills during preclinical phase with practical in clinical phase

Abstract: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Syarif Hidayatullah has been trying to make islamic competent doctors. Basic Clinical Skills (BCS) are part of curiculum, that has been taugt among medical student since 2005. In preclinical phase, BCS learned at second until sixth semester, and will be practiced during clinical phase. Therefore we want to know the students’view on relationship BCS during preclinical phase with practical in clinic phase.Descriptive study was conducted at FMHS during January until December 2013. After students finished clinical rotation they were asked to filled up questionnaire that comprised their view whether BCS in preclinical phase helpf their practical in clinical phase. There were nine items questionnaire with Likert Scale of 1-5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree) and open question for comments.Fifty students of 53 students was enrolled in this study. Most of students declared that relationship BCS to practical in clinical fase was fair (3.75). Students expressed that BCS tutor’s in preclinical phase less suport in practical cinical phase (3.48). Students revelead that procedural skill of BCS didn’t effect to their practical in clinical phase (3,62). Highest score were physical examination and comunication of BCS (3,90 and 3,83), those helpfull for students’ practical in clinical phase. Students’ view on relationship of BCS in preclinical phase with practical in clinical phase was fair. This study showed necessity to evaluate BCS curiculum in preclinical phase by involving all of stakeholders include BCS tutors and preceptors in teaching hospitals.

From person to father: A grounded theory of male gender identity formation

Abstract: This study is a qualitative study on the formation of male gender identity. Using Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2008), the study was able to examine how men view themselves and trace how their identities as males has come to being. It was found from the accounts of the participants that men have two identities: Identity as a Person and Identity as a Father. As a person the identities of men are focused on their personal views and desires. And as a father, their identities are built around their family and children. Further, the study was also able to identify Factors that had an impact on the formation of their identities. Male identity therefore changes across time and experience.

On the relationship between cognitive style (field-dependence/independence) and translation achievement of Iranian translation students

Abstract: The present study examines the relationship between Cognitive style Field dependence/independence (FDI) and translation achievement. The participants included 100 (73 female and 27 male) BA senior students studying English translation as their major at Imam Reza International University and Khayyam Institute of higher education. Both male and female students responded to the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) .They were divided into field-dependent and field-independent groups according to the scores gained in the GEFT. The results of the study indicated that students’ Cognitive style FDI have a positive and significant relationship with their translation achievement. Field Independents outperformed Field Dependents in their translation task and it also revealed that as translation students’ Cognitive style FDI increases, their translation achievement increases significantly. Cognitive style as psychological construct, has been the focus of attention in recent decades, therefore, the findings of current study will result in higher translation achievement of students and will help translation instructors plan better for the improvement of their students.

Iranian EFL teachers' major personality types and teaching attitudes

Abstract: Research on teachers' characteristics has been underway for over a century. In continuation of these studies, the present research study strived to explore Iranian EFL teachers' major personality and attitude. Discovering the major personality types and teaching attitudes among Iranian EFL teachers, therefore, was the primary purpose of this study. Reviewing the related literature and becoming informed about other researchers' findings in this area, personality types and teaching attitudes of Iranian EFL teachers were measured by using Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Foreign Language Teacher Beliefs Questionnaire. For this purpose, 79 English teachers teaching in 24 foreign language institutes in Mashhad, Iran's northeast were chosen as the participants of this study. Distributing the two instruments among EFL teachers and analyzing the obtained data by means of SPSS software revealed that that ISTP and ISTJ are the most frequent personality types among Iranian EFL teachers and classroom management got the highest score among three subareas of teaching attitude scale. Study's implications, applications, and suggestions for further research were all presented at the end.

Instrument development of the environment ethics on high school students

Abstract: This study aimed to develop an instrument that evaluates the environment ethics on high school students. Sampling technique in this study was randomized stages (multistage random sampling). Development of test theoretical point statement based on expert and panelist. The Scale used in this study was Likert scales. Based on the tests and panelists expert produce 61 point statements. The test was executed in two stages of 610 high school students in Jakarta, Bogor and Lampung. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the first test, the items were reduced as much as nine points previously repaired models (re-specification). In the second trial based on the fit model test, it fits the standards for fit model and does not need to be furbished up again; the item is brought down as much as 3-point statement, so that the final instrument consists of 49 points. Having tested the validity and reliability, it can be concluded that this instrument is valid and reliable. Further trials are still needed by the greater number of samples and more variety to produce a standardized instrument.

Understanding the relationship views and sex motives of call center workers and its implications to sexual practices

Abstract: The current study aimed to explore the levels of attachment dimensions and common sex motives of call center workers (CCW) specifically in Cebu City, Philippines. It was the thrust of the study to provide a plausible account in understanding the sexual practices of CCWs amid the data suggesting risky practices among them. Both online and pen-and-paper surveys were employed. Descriptive results showed that call center workers in Cebu City are relatively high in attachment anxiety and low in attachment avoidance. Common sex motives of call center workers include intimacy and enhancement motives. Regression analysis showed that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance predicted partner approval, peer pressure, self-affirmation, coping, and intimacy motives. Implications of the findings of this exploratory study contribute to further our understanding about the sexual practices of CCWs in the Philippines.

A study on the relationship of college students’ personal projects to subjective well-being

Abstract: This study aimed at exploring the relationship between goal-directed activities and subjective well-being through Personal Projects Analysis (PPA). 316 college students completed the Personal Projects Analysis (PPA), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Scales of Pleasant and Unpleasant Affect. The results showed that participants who reported higher levels of SWLS and pleasant affect rated their personal projects significantly higher on PPA factors reflecting Project Meaning, Project Control and Project Interpersonal Relationship than did participants who reported lower levels of subjective well-being. While PPA factor Project Control emerged as a reliable predictor of SWLS, factor Project Meaning did as a reliable predictor of positive affect. Project Strain appeared to have no significant effects on subjective well-being. The results suggested that subjective well-being is associated with pursuing personal projects that are meaningful, better controlled, and supported by others.

Configuration of value system on rural entrepreneurs at Tasikmalaya West Java Indonesia

Abstract: The aim of sudy was to examine the form of the configuration of the value system on entrepreneurs who are owner of small and medium enterprises at Tasikmalaya, West Java. The kind of research is survey,amout of respondents are 413 person who has chosen by purposive sampling technique, they are producers of traditional industry at Tasikmalaya, such as handicraft, embroidery, and sandals . Instruments which has used to measure value is the value system from Spranger which are6 values contains​​, there are theory (science), economic, religiousity, social, power and art (aesthetic). Result of the study was found that religiousity and social values ​​as the dominant value of the system, meanwhile economic value as the important value for bussines only at the third place. In correlation with success as an entrepreneur, result of analysis has found there were non-significant correlation between each value of the value system and success. Indicator of success for the enterprise are number of employee, income, and property ownership, like as vehicle, plant (place of manufacture) and assets. Those are entire system result correlation between value and success. Value of theory is r = - .019 -. economic value is r = - .084, social valueis r = - .017, the value of the power = - .019 religiousity value is r = .002, the value of art (culture) r = .023. The conclusion of this research is the configuration of the system of value on rural entrepreneurs at Tasikmalaya are dominated by social and religiousity value. In this perspective of modern business is not supporting to developing their business but for themselves business are not only about to increase of income earnings but the way to helping to others.