Showing papers in "International journal of scientific and research publications in 2016"

Corporate Branding, Emotional Attachment and Brand Loyalty: The Case of Luxury Fashion Branding

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate branding on brand loyalty with the mediating effect of emotional attachment in the luxury fashion market. Cross-sectional data were collected from 132 customers who purchased luxury brands. Regression was used to test the hypotheses of the framework developed for the study and correlation matrix used to see the relationship among the variables. Finding shows that functional and symbolic benefits have significant impact on brand loyalty, whereas other variables are found not to be significant. This study offers new empirical support for the proposition that corporate branding efforts have a role, thought limited, in building customer emotional attachment and loyalty towards luxury brands. As such, findings from this study can provide managers with a guide to managing their branding strategies so that customer emotional attachment and brand loyalty can be built in the most cost-effective manner.

Detection of Plant Leaf Disease Using Image Processing Approach

Abstract: The identification of disease on the plant is a very important key to prevent a heavy loss of yield and the quantity of agricultural product. The symptoms can be observed on the parts of the plants such as leaf, stems, lesions and fruits. The leaf shows the symptoms by changing colour, showing the spots on it. This identification of the disease is done by manual observation and pathogen detection which can consume more time and may prove costly. The aim of the project is to identify and classify the disease accurately from the leaf images. The steps required in the process are Pre-processing, Training and Identification. The disease considered are Powdery Mildew, Downey Mildew which can cause heavy loss to Grape fruit. For identification of disease features of leaf such as major axis, minor axis etc. are extracted from leaf and given to classifier for classification.

Effect of pH and moisture content on composting of Municipal solid waste

Abstract: pH and moisture content are important parameters to evaluate maturity of compost prepared by using different type of organic waste. This study was designed to check the effect of pH and moisture content at start and end of composting process. It was concluded from this study that the pH of the compost remained alkaline throughout composting process. The moisture percentage was decreased from 50% with the increase in interval of time. The results showed that the compost is mature enough to be used as bio fertilizer.

Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Urban Areas of Ethiopia

Abstract: Youth Unemployment is one of the most critical issues at global level. It represents the underutilization of scarce and precious resources, that would be important for nations’ socio-economic development. This study deals with identifying the main factors responsible for youth unemployment and constraints they face in self-employment in Ethiopia. It is based on the cross sectional data collected by Central Statistical Agency (CSA) in 2015. From all regions of the country, a total of 16,984 samples are considered for analysis. Using descriptive and cross tabulation analysis, the study shows that youth unemployment is highly related with regional location, sex, marital status and education. The analysis also shows youths’ dream to create their own job is constrained highly by shortage of finance and lack of work place. The government and others stakeholders need to consider the above determinants and challenges for future intervention.

Characterization and Classification of Soils of AbaMidan Sub Watershed in Bambasi Wereda, West Ethiopia

Abstract: The research work was conducted on Aba-midan sub water shed, which is located in the Bambasi District of Assosa Zone in the Benishagul Gumuz Regional State to characterize and to classify the soils along toposequence. Three pedons along toposequence were studied. Aba-midan sub watershed is located between 09°49’ 98.9’’ and 09°49’89.3’’ N latitude and between 34°42’ 31.8’’ and 34°42’50.3’’E longitude, with altitude ranging from 1443 to 1491 m.a.s.l. The soils were generally dark reddish brown to dark red colour and shallow to moderate soil depth. Almost very friable consistency, with bulk density ranges (1.14 to 1.49 gm/cm3), prismatic to sub angular blocky structure, low total porosity indicated that the soil has poor physical condition for plant growth. a definite trend of clay increase down the profile and along the slope in all of the soil pedons. The soils pH along the profiles were slightly (pH: 5.2) to moderately acidic (pH: 6.4). All the micro and macro nutrients, cations and CEC have irregular trends in all the pedons along depth .While Organic carbon content of the soils decrease with soil depth. The available P and TN of the soils of the study area was qualifying for the low range. The surface horizons of all the pedon in the study area qualify for mollic epepedon. The middle and lower pedons had distinct clay increment in the B horizons, which met all the requirements of natic horizon. While the upper sub surface pedons with cambic horizons. Based on the morphological and chemical data obtained from the opened pedons, the soil of the study area was classified under Mollic Nitisol The deterioration in some chemical properties of lower slope as compared to other slopes were supposed to be due to continuous cultivation for longer period of time and that removed the soil organic matter and other plant nutrients. This study results concluded that increasing extent of continuous and intensive cultivation with minimum conservation practices and erosion due to slope effect can further deteriorate soil properties. The control of such damaging effects would require proper soil conservation strategies such as proper land leveling, afforestation, crop rotation, fallowing, terracing and inclusion of restorative crops in cropping systems on these lands.

Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans: Case Study on Development Bank of Ethiopia Central Region

Abstract: The study aims at identifying the major factors affecting Non-performing loans of Development Bank of Ethiopia, Central Region. To achieve this objective descriptive research design was used and data has been collected mainly through primary source using questionnaire from both borrowers and region’s staffs. Secondary data were also used by reviewing the annual reports, bulletins, manuals, directives and procedures issued by the bank. 43 borrowers and 24 staffs were taken as samples from 77 default loans (Nonperforming loans) and 31 region’s staffs respectively based on stratified random sampling method of sample selection by using mathematical formula. For data analysis, descriptive statistics including mean, frequency and percentages were used and processed through computer loaded SPSS software. The result of the study shows that poor credit assessment and credit monitoring are the major causes for the occurrence of NPL in DBE. Credit size (includes aggressive lending, compromised integrity in approval, rapid credit growth and bank’s great risk appetite); high interest rate, poorly negotiated credit terms and lenient/lax credit terms, and elongated process of loan approval were bank specific causes for the occurrence of nonperforming loans. On the other hand, poor credit culture of customers, lack of knowledge of borrower for the business they engaged in, willful default, loan diversion, and project management problems were identified as the major customer specific causes of NPLs. Hence, to reduce the occurrence of loan default it is suggests that the Bank should strengthen its applicant screening criteria and due diligence assessment to select potential risk taking applicants and adopt appropriate pre and post credit risk assessments. Besides, the bank needs to make sure that borrowed funds are being used for the intended purpose through enhanced credit monitoring.

Bioacoustic Characteristics of Whistle Sounds and behaviour of male Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Indonesia

Abstract: Bioacoustics is the science that combines biology and acoustics and refers to the production of sound, dispersion and reception by/to animals and humans. This study used acoustic and behavioral observations of dolphins to see the different patterns of sound, and describe behavior physiotherapy pool at Safari Park Indonesia, Cisarua Bogor. Power Spectral Density (PSD), the frequency range of the whistle sound different from one another. The highest intensity values that are at the sound of the whistle 3 after eat show pool with an intensity value of 25.57 dB at a frequency of 14470 Hz. Test result F before eating physiotherapy pool have in common (Homogeneous) contained in the relationship between the time 500 to 600 with the results of the whistle 1, 2, 3, and 4 are Reject Ho (Fhit> F table). Position of dolphins in a pool physiotherapy more dominant and often located in the bottom of the pool.

Nectarivore-aided Hybridization and its Exploitation for Productivity Enhancement in Pigeonpea

Abstract: A record of out-crossing in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) from 32 locations indicated a large variation within and across 12 countries of Asia, Africa, and Americas. Pigeonpea breeders have exploited the natural hybrids within landraces for developing high yielding inbred cultivars in different countries. Similarly, natural hybrids selected from wild relatives of pigeonpea have been used to breed male sterility systems. During the last 40 years the importance of natural out-crossing in genetic enhancement of yield in pigeonpea has been well recognized, particularly in developing commercial hybrid technology; and it has allowed thousands of Indian farmers to harvest 30-40% more grains. This review provides an update on various aspects of natural out-crossing such as pollinating agents, extent of outcrossing, factors influencing out-crossing; besides this, the successful role of out-crossing in the genetic enhancement of yield in pigeonpea has also been discussed.

Determinants of Commercial Banks Efficiency: Evidence from Selected Commercial Banks of Ethiopia

Abstract: Banking system is one part of financial institution that plays an important role in economic growth and development of a country. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of Ethiopian commercial banks efficiency. The study was based on secondary source of data. Quantitative data were obtained from published and audited financial statements of commercial banks in the period of 2003 –2012. To this end, measuring the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) has been growing in today’s banking system. The efficiency estimation of individual banks was evaluated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Likewise, to investigate the determinants of efficiency Tobit model was used. In Ethiopia banking industry embraces about nineteen commercial banks. Among which eight banks were selected as a sample size via purposive sampling techniques. The result of this study revealed deposit and liquidity has significant positive relationship with commercial banks efficiency.

Effect of linearized expressions of Langmuir equations on the prediction of the adsorption of methylene blue on rice husk

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of linearized process on the adsorption equilibrium isotherms of methylene blue from solutions onto rice husk, the experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm equations by using five different types of linear expression. The adsorption equilibrium constant related to the affinity of the binding sites and energy of adsorption (KL ) and maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for each linear expression had been calculated. Also, values of the the amount of MB adsorbed on adsorbent at equilibrium time using the constants calculated from these five linear types of Langmuir isotherm equations were compared with the experimental data. The results indicated that the type 1 linear expressions were able to calculate the adsorption equilibrium constant and qe for the studied system (methylene blue/rice husk) well. The results also showed that it was inappropriate to use the other four proposed alternate linear expressions (type 2 to type 5) to calculate the adsorption equilibrium constant and qe for the studied system.

The Challenge and Prospects of Small Scale Enterprise in Ethiopia: A Survey of Some Selected Small Scale Enterprise in Addis Ababa City

Abstract: The small scale industries have a very important and effective role in the developed countries generally and in developing countries especially because it is considered the backbone of their economies. In respect of this, the main purpose of this study is to identify the problems and prospects of small enterprise in Addis Ababa sub-city. To do this, data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The main instrument of data collection was the questionnaire and supported by interview. The data were presented in tables as frequency, distribution in the data analysis; the techniques of percentages frequencies were used. The empirical studies elicit major challenges which seem to affect performance of SSEs in sub-cities which include: inadequate finance, inadequate infrastructures, poor management practices, multiple taxation and capital shortage in that order, are the major challenges affecting small scale businesses in Ethiopia. The researcher suggested that the challenges and problems of the SSEs in Ethiopia are having many centers and hence can only be effectively tackled by a multi-dimensional and concerted approach by all stakeholders i.e. the governments and their agencies, banks, regulatory authorities, tax authorities,), the employees of SSEs, multilateral and bilateral agencies and donors.

Isolation, molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Baghdad hospitals

Abstract: Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of burns and wounds infections with Acinetobacter baumannii strains has become an important concern. Isolation and identification of A. baumannii strains from patients with burns and wounds infections by conventional and molecular methods and detection of their antimicrobial susceptibility. Antibiotics resistance of 96 A. baumannii strains isolated from the samples collected between February 2015 and June 2015 were evaluated. Identification of A. baumannii isolates were determined by CHROMagar Acinetobacter¸ API 20E and automated system VITEK 2 and molecular methods by detection 16S rRNA and blaOXA-51 genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Among 476 samples included burns and wounds infections, 96 isolates of A.baumannii were obtained, 65 belonged to burns and 31 from wounds. CHROMagar Acinetobacter had 100% sensitivity and specificity for isolation of A. baumannii. The PCR results showed that 16S rRNA sequence and blaOXA-51 gene exists in all A. baumannii collected from positive samples, and this confirmed the accuracy of other identification tests. In the present study, 87.5% of the isolates had Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). It has been found that A. baumannii strains had high resistance to most antibiotics used: Cefotxime (87.5%), Ciprofloxacin (80.2%), Amikacin (79.2 %), Meropenem (75%) Imipenem (81.3%) and Pipracillin (81.3%) but low resistance to Tigecycline (11.5%) and Colistin (7.3%). The present results indicate that antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in Iraq has increased, which may very well affect the antimicrobial resistance of this organism worldwide. Therefore their early detection is essential for stimulates effective treatment in intensive care units. Detection of blaOXA-51-like gene and CHROMagar Acinetobacter can be used as a simple and reliable method to differentiate A. baumannii strains.

Antibacterial activity of water extracts different parts of Morinda citrifolia grown in Sri Lanka

Abstract: This study examined the antibacterial potential of water extracts of different parts of Morinda citrifolia (Family: Rubiacae) plants which is used/indicated in Sri Lankan traditional and folk medicine to wash old cutaneous wounds, cuts, abrasion, rashes, bruises or burns, and as a throat gargle. This was tested in triplicate, in vitro, using agar disc diffusion bio assay against Gram positive human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Gram negative bacteria , Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218). Concentration of water extracts tested were 500,750 and 1000 μg/disk. Gentamicin (10 μg/disk) was used as the positive control. The results showed that none of the extracts (roots, fruits, flower, stem bark or combination of these parts) was effective against E. coli whilst fruit (diameter of inhibition zone 2.93 ±0.03mm), stem bark (5.1 ±0.03mm) and combined extract (9.46 ± 0.03mm) exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The reference drug, Gentamicine induced an inhibition zone of 13.98 ±0.04mm against S. aureus and 15.02 ±0.03 mm against E. coli. It is conducted that water extracts of different parts of M. citrifolia plant has mild to moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, a commonly encountered pathogen in cutaneous wounds. In addition, the results justify its use in Sri Lankan ethnomedicine as a topical cleaning agent for infected skin wounds.

Growth and Yield Performance of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) ‘cv’ 'SNOW WHITE' in Response to Varying Levels of Vermicast Applications

Abstract: This study was conducted at the garden area of the Sunrise Residence Hall of Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines from December 2013 to March 2014 to evaluate the effect of different varying levels of vermicasts on the growth and yield of radish cv ‘Snow White’ under CMU, Musuan, Bukidnon condition. This study was laid-out in a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with five (5) treatments and three (3) replications, as follows: T1 (control-5g/plant 14-14-14), T2 (5t/ha vermicast), T3 (10 t/ha vermicast), T4 (15 t/ha vemicast) and T5 (20 t/ha vermicast). Result revealed that plant height, number of leaves, tuber length, tuber diameter and pest resistance were not significantly affected by the applications of varying levels of vermicast and as well as the inorganic fertilizer. However, even with their statistical insignificance, Treatment 4 (15t/ha vermicast) obtained the tallest plant (39.67 cm),most number of leaves (13.42 or 14 leaves), largest tuber (2.91 cm), and most resistant against pests and diseases (1.00 rating). Meanwhile, the longest tuber was garnered by T3 with 19.73 cm, while T4 measuring at 19.58 cm long. On the plot yield and the total tuber yield showed Treatment 4 obtaining the highest plot yield with 1.32 kg and 10.15 t/ha tuber yield. The effects of vermicast which were already decomposed had made available for plant use. It had somehow performed at par or even better with those using inorganic fertilizer. With the high cost incurred in using vermicast in hectare basis, Treatment 1 (using inorganic fertilizer) obtained the highest ROI with 355.22 %, followed by T2, T3, T4 and T5 with 210.20%, 177.22%, 122.96% and 52.79%, respectively. However, using vermicast in radish production would increase the return on investment in the succeeding seasons since a decreasing amount of vermicast would be added to the area.

Research Capabilities of Public Secondary and Elementary School Teachers in the Division of Antipolo City

Abstract: The study aimed to determine the factors affecting the research capabilities of public secondary and elementary school teachers in the Division of Antipolo City. The study made use of the descriptive method. The public secondary and elementary school teachers are moderately capable in writing a research proposal and publishable research paper or article. There is no other profile which affects the research capabilities of public secondary school teachers in writing a research proposal and publishable research paper or article except their position in the school. The research capabilities of public elementary school teachers with respect to writing a research proposal and a publishable research paper or article are affected by sex, civil status and research seminars/trainings attended and not age, position and by highest educational attainment.

Multiport Converter in Electrical Vehicles-A Review

Abstract: In hybrid power sources or in electric vehicles, the promising concepts for these are multiport converters. They are much beneficial as conversion can be done in single stage while even interfaced with multiple input power sources. This paper presented the introduction and comparison of multiport converters with conventional converter. Here I present the application of multiport converters with reference to use of multi sources along with the advantages and disadvantages of both, the types of converters. Due to the flexibility of a multiport converter, it gives several advantages. It can be used for many applications as electric vehicle, renewable energy sources for Uninterruptible Power Supply without storage, or it can be used for storage of energy using hybrid sources.

Mapping QTLs for Black pod (Phytophthora palmivora) resistance in three hybrid progenies of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) using SSR markers

Abstract: To identify QTLs for cacao resistance to Phytopthorapalmivora., a study was conducted in three hybrid progenies of CNRA in Cote d'Ivoire obtained from crosses (SCA6 x H) x C1, (P7 x ICS100) x C1 and (P7 x ICS95 x) x C1. SCA6 (Scavina 6) and P7 (Pound 7) are resistant Forastero clones, while ICS100, ICS95 and H are moderately susceptible Trinitario clones and C1 (IFC1), a susceptible Forastero clone. Resistance to P. palmivorawas assessed by means of pod rot rate (PRR) in field and leaf discs inoculation with zoospores (Folres) in both half-sib progenies, while only PRR was investigated in the progeny derived from (SCA6 x H) x C1. For each progeny, a SSR-based linkage map was constructed and Kruskal-Wallis test and interval mapping were applied, associating phenotypic data. Over the three progenies, 8 QTLs of PRR and 3 QTLs of Folres were detected on different chromosomes. One QTL of Folres (R2 = 17.3 %) has been identified on chromosome 10, for the first time. The chromosome 1, carrying QTLs of PRR and Folres, is an interesting support of cacao resistance to Phytophthora. Chromosomes 4 and 6, each, of of two different parents carry QTLs of PRR In addition, the association mTcCIR291-PRR, on the chromosome 6 was noted in the family derived from (SCA6 x H) x C1, as well as in one of the two half-sib families. Markers linked to QTLs are valuable potential candidates for a future exploiting of these QTLs as selection tools. (Resume d'auteur)

Isolation, Characterization, and Identification Lactic Acid Bacteria from ChickenWaste Faeces that Potential as Probiotics

Abstract: The research is aimed at isolating, characterizing, and identifying lactic acid bacteria which have the potential as probiotic agent obtainedfrom the chyme of 34 days-old strain patriot broiler chicken intestine. In order to reach the goal, pour plate and streak plate method on MRS (de Mann Rogosa Sharpe) are used to isolate the bacteria. It is done by adding CaCO3 0.5% as the indicator of the formation of clean zone around the colony. The incubation is conducted at 37oC for 48 hours. The phenotypic characterization process of the obtained isolates are conducted by gram painting, morphology, catalyst test, temperature influence test, pH and salinity toward the growth, fermentation test, and acid formation test from the carbon source. The identification to find out the possibility of BAL genus and species is conducted through profile matching based on the phenotypic characteristic traced by using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Meanwhile, the potential test on its possibility as probiotic agent is conducted by doing the acid resistance test. The production of lactic acid of each isolate of lactic acid bacteria is measured when the bacteria is already 24 hours-old. The result of the research is 15 isolates of lactic acid bacteria. After the confirmation test is conducted, the characteristics show that there are 4 genuses of lactic acid bacteria, i.e. lactobacillus, pediococcus, streptococcus, and enterococcus. The result of the BAL test in producing the lactic acid shows that the AST 04 isolate has the highest amount of lactic acid, 57.69 %, followed by AST 05 which has 9.41 % lactic acid. The BAL isolate of those chicken faces waste still can grow until the concentration of bail salt reaches 0.5 %.

Training needs of agriculture extension officers in Iraq

Abstract: This paper examines the training needs of extension agents in Iraq agriculture, specifically, the practice of different extension approaches, activities, methods and principal problems of extension agents in their fieldwork. Training in any form is intrinsic to organizational effectiveness and efficiency training. The type of training given to an individual who is gainfully employed but requires certain knowledge and skills to improve his efficiency. The purposes of this paper are 1) investigating the training needs for extension agents to perform their work effectively, 2) suggesting the suitable extension method for the present agricultural extension service in Iraq, and 3) identifying the primary functions and major problems of extension agents in Iraq 4) identifying the training needs in these study according to the areas of studies. In-service training of the Extension Agents is the call of the time. Training needs were assessed using the Borich Needs Assessment Model, This Model is designed around the skills individuals and groups need to be effective in the future and are used for making human resources decisions. Through trained Agricultural Extension Agents new agricultural technology can easily and favorably be transferred to clientele. According to the centralized administration, the extension workers have being practicing mostly the training and visit system in a top-down Iraq. Due to the non-involvement of local people in the extension program planning, implementation, and decision-making process, the extension service developed inefficiently. Therefore, the extension workers, researchers, and local farmers should cooperate in the extension work, especially in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the extension program to develop the extension service in Iraq Agriculture. The local farmers should be involved in the decision-making process because they are really facing the problems in their field. All extension workers and subject matter specialists are now interested in implementing PEA in the future in the agricultural extension service.

A Review on various widely used shadow detection methods to identify a shadow from image

Abstract: In this paper, we address the different shadow detection methods and algorithms for both still and moving images as well as give a brief description of the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Shadow detection and removal is an important step in visual surveillance and monitoring systems. Shadow points are often misclassified as object points causing errors on localization, segmentation and classification of objects. Many algorithms and methods have been developed for different environmental conditions to detect shadow from the images. We will review some widely used methods how to detect shadows and extract it avoiding loss of texture information.

CFD study for cross flow heat exchanger with integral finned tube

Abstract: CFD investigations have been carried out in this paper to study the temperature difference for cross flow heat exchanger with smooth tube and low integral finned tube. The study includes geometry creation with dimensions (250×500×1200) mm width, height and length, respectively. has a single copper tube with eight passes.. The low integral finned tube with (19 mm) inner diameter, (21 mm) root diameter and (24 mm) outer diameter . The fin height is (1.5 mm). Air is assumed as a cooling fluid passing across the test tube with a range of velocities (1, 2, 3 and 4) m/sec. The inner side flow rates with a range of (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) L/min. for water. The water temperatures at the inlet of test tube were (50, 60, 70, 80) °C. The results showe that the temperature difference and heat transfer coefficient for heat exchanger with finned tube is higher than with smooth tube.

Analytical standards for the root tubers of Ativisha -Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Abstract: Standardization of herbal drugs is the need of the hour as the use and practice of traditional herbal drugs has increased tremendously. The main objective of the present study is to standardize the root tubers of Aconitum heterophyllum as per pharmacopoeial testing protocol which include powder microscopy, physico-chemical screening, HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis. Preliminary phytochemical tests indicate the presence of alkaloids, sugars, flavonoids, steroids, quinones and tannins. HPTLC profiling of the ethanol extract using Toluene/ Ethyl acetate (8: 1) as mobile phase revealed the presence of phytochemicals with different Rf values. The GC-MS analysis of the diethyl ether fraction showed the presence of 39 compounds of which 21 were identified.

Common Spices Plant Used as Medicine by the Tangkhul Tribe of Ukhrul District, Manipur, India

Abstract: Ukhrul district which is one of the nine districts of Manipur, is a hilly region predominantly inhabited by the Tangkhul tribe. Since time immemorial many useful plants have been handled by human societies for both medicinal and food purposes. The Tangkhul people of this hilly region are mainly dependent on the forest, as forest plants are gather for food ,medicinal, spices, fuel, etc, which have built up their socio-economic and cultural life. An extensive survey was conducted on the usage of various spices plant as medicine by the Tangkhul community in the Ukhrul district, Manipur. They collected a good number of spices plant from the surrounding forest and few are domesticated in their kitchen garden for daily consumption as well as for herbal remedies, also selling in local markets and represent the main source of cash for villagers.

To study the perinatal outcome in meconium stained amniotic fluid

Abstract: Objective: To study the fetal outcome and mode of delivery in patients with meconium stained amniotic fluid. Material and methods :This is a prospective observational study carried out in department of obstetric and gynaec at P.V.P.G.H.sangli. over a period of 6 months.Total 200 cases of more than 37 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentation were included in the study with thin or thick meconium stained liquor during labour. The data was collected on predesigned proforma and analysed using SPSS version 10. Chisquare test was applied with 95% interval and P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Among 200 cases 60% were not booked and came as emergency.Primigravida constituted 62% ,with PIH being 28% and postdate 21%. APGAR score was > 7 for 82 % of babies and only 18 % had APGAR score <7. At 1 minute .111 patients (56%) delivered by L.S.C.S., 49 patients(24%) had instrumental delivery (more with forceps 18% and vaccume 6%), and 40 patients (20 %) delivered normally. Conclusion: Meconium stained amniotic fluid has importance both for obstretician and paediatrician point of view.It increases the casarean section rate causes birth asphyxia and increases NICU admission rate.

Issues and Challenges of Implementation of Early Childhood Education in Nigeria

Abstract: Since the commencement of the implementation of the National Policy on Education in Nigeria which seeks to ensure an optimal and qualitative Early Childhood Education (ECE), stream of concerns have been raised by stakeholders in respect of the quality of education in ECE and its actual implementation. Despite all measures put in place by the Federal Ministry of Education in Nigeria, there are still some lapses in the implementation and non-implementation of this programme. There is no doubt that the implementation of ECE requires the collaborative effort/input of all stakeholders, including the government, parents/guardians, and school authorities. However, the trust of this paper is on issues and challenges of implementation of ECE in Nigeria. The paper gives input on the benefits derivable from ECE, the paper equally points out the recommendations that will lead to effective implementation ECE. This includes employment of more ECE specialist teachers, training/retraining of caregivers/teachers, effective quality monitoring by Ministries of Education, provision of logistic support to ensure that minimum standards are maintained in both public and private preprimary institutions in Nigeria among others.

Comparative Studies on the Prevalence of Salmonella Species in Two Homemade Fermented Beverages (Zobo And Kunun-Zaki) Sold At Samaru, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria

Abstract: A survey of the comparative studies on the prevalence of Salmonella species in two home-made beverages sold at Samaru, Zaria was carried out. Ten (10) samples of freshly formulated Kunun-Zaki and Zobo were obtained from five (5) different sales locations in Samaru, Zaria, and analyzed using the standard plate counts, to determine their respective bacteriological quality.

Factors affecting implementation of family planning projects by non governmental organizations in kenya

Abstract: It is important for a project manager to understand timing and scheduling and how to make planning tools work for their project and not the other way round. Time is unique and unlike other resources such as money and people lost time can never be replaced. The impact of a family planning program can be seen in the form of increased use of contraceptives, increased motivation to control births and increased preferences to have a smaller family. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting implementation of Family Planning projects in Kenya. Specifically, the study sort to, assess the effect of technical capability on implementation of family planning projects in Kenya, examine the effect of project planning on implementation of family planning projects in Nairobi, Kenya, assess the effect of financial controls on implementation of family planning projects in Nairobi, Kenya, establish the effect of project communication on implementation of family planning projects in Nairobi, Kenya and determine the moderating effect of culture on the factors affecting implementation of family planning projects by non-governmental organizations in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was governed by three theories; project management theory, Lewin’s Change Management Theory, Logical Framework model and Network Theory. The research adopted descriptive research design. The target population was 750 registered Health NGOs in the health sector in Nairobi. The study used simple random sampling to select 225 registered NGOs that are involved in Family Planning in Nairobi. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires which was self-administered with the help of research assistant. Secondary data was collected from literature review. Quantitative data analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation while inferential statistics included a multiple linear regression mode. Results were presented in form of tables and charts. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis and presented in continuous prose form. Based on the findings the study concluded that technical capability has an effect on the implementation of family planning projects in Kenya. The study also concluded that project planning also influence the implementation of family planning projects in Kenya. Further, it was possible to conclude that project communication and financial controls affect implementation of family planning projects in Kenya.

The Passion of Jilbab : Socio-Cultural Transformation of Indonesian Muslim Women

Abstract: In modern Indonesian society, the number of wearer of jilbab as Islamic veil is growing significantly. The veil has now been worn by all segments of Indonesian women, whereas in the 1970s it is only used by teenagers in school hours. Furthermore, the veil has become a daily outfit of women politicians, bank workers and even the artists. With this florescene, various modes of veiling evolve and veil boutiques are popping up in major cities in Indonesia. Various names then appear from slang to shar’i veil, i.e. in line with Islamic law, given the diverse groups wear veil with different style. In its development the veil is even featured in the fashion show. As wearing veil is assumed to relate to religious injunction, the increasing number of its users is associated with an increase in public religious observance. Islamization of life is taking place in society, although not in the fundamentalistic or radicalistic pattern. Post secularism may be appropriate concept to describe this phenomenon. However, it is argued that this growing use of veil has no relation with religiosity, since it is just a part of modern life of Indonesian women. Nevertheless, wearing jilbab constitutes important cultural change occurring among Indonesian Muslim women. This paper is to describe the development of wearing veil among modern Muslim woman in Indonesia, questioning whether or not it is related to the religious consciousness of the wearer.

The Effects of Financial Balance Transfer and Regional Own-Source Revenue on Regional Expenditure of Regencies and Municipalities in East Java Province

Abstract: This study aims to identify the flypaper effect and the effects of financial balance transfer and Regional Own-source Revenue on regional expenditure of regencies and municipalities in East Java Province. The population of this study consists of regional expenditure data of 29 regencies and 9 municipalities in East Java Province collected by Statistics Indonesia (Biro Pusat Statistik/BPS) from 2005 to 2012. The writer conducted analysis on the data using Eviews 7. The findings of this study indicated that Regional Own-source Revenue, General Allocation Fund, and Specific Allocation Fund significantly affect regional expenditure and the flypaper effect occurs on regional expenditure of regencies and municipalities in East Java Province. This conditionis marked by regional spending as the response against the General Allocation Fund is higher than regional spending as the response against Regional Own-Source Revenue. Therefore, it can be concluded that the dependency level of the regions upon financial balance transferred from central government is still relatively high.

Factors Affecting the Effective Implementation of Senior Secondary Education Chemistry Curriculum in Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract: The study examined the factors affecting effective implementation of the senior secondary education chemistry curriculum in Kogi State, Nigeria. The sample of the study consisted of seventy-six (76) chemistry teachers from Senior Secondary Schools in Kogi State, Nigeria. 19- items questionnaire on the factors affecting effective implementation of chemistry curriculum was used as instrument for data collection. Frequency, Mean, standard deviation and Ranking statistical tools were used to analyze the research questions, while hypothesis was tested with t-test at 0.05 alpha level. Results show that inadequate funding, poor motivation of teachers, lack of adequate time to cover the curriculum, inadequate laboratory and voluminous nature of chemistry curriculum were among the factors considered to have negative effect on effective implementation of chemistry curriculum. The study also revealed that school location has no significant influence on the mean response of the chemistry teachers on the factors affecting implementation of the chemistry curriculum. The necessary recommendations were made as solutions to the indentified problems affecting effective implementation of chemistry curriculum.