Showing papers in "International journal on innovative research in electrical, electronics, instrumentation and control engineering in 2017"

Hyper spectral Image classification using Dimensionality Reduction Techniques

Abstract: Hyper spectral Imaging produces an image where each pixel is having narrow spectral bands with plentiful spectral information. Spectral bands refer to the large number of measured wavelengths bands of Electromagnetic Spectrum. The large number of spectral bands in hyper spectral data increases the computational burden. So, dimensionality reduction through spectral feature selection thoroughly affects the accuracy of the classification. The applications of hyper spectral images require to process given data and achieve two fundamental goals: 1) detect and classify the constituent materials for each pixel in the scene; 2) reduce the data volume (dimensionality), without loss of useful information, so that it can be processed efficiently by a human. We used the technique of DRR (Dimensionality Reduction via Regression) an unsupervised method for dimensionality reduction.

Smart Garbage Monitoring System using Internet of Things (IOT)

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment also has adverse effects on the health of the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems of the present era. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in waste bins is a complex, cumbersome process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost which is not compatible with the present day technologies in any way. This an advanced method in which waste management is automated. This project IoT Garbage Monitoring system is a very innovative system which will help to keep the cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in the garbage bins via a web page. This web page also send all information to garbage collection vehicles.

A Review Paper on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Detection

Abstract: For study of brain tumor detection and segmentation the MRI Images is very useful in recent years. Due to MRI Images we can detect the brain tumor. For detection of unusual growth of tissues and blocks of blood in nervous system can be seen in an MRI Images. The first step of detection of brain tumor is to check the symmetric and asymmetric Shape of brain which will define the abnormality. After this step the next step is segmentation which is based on two techniques 1) F-Transform (Fuzzy Transform) 2) Morphological operation. These two techniques are used to design the image in MRI. Now by this help of design we can detect the boundaries of brain tumor and calculate the actual area of tumor. In this the f-transform is used to give the certain information like rebuilt of missing edges and extracting the silent edges. Accuracy and clarity in an MRI Images is dependent on each other.

Development of Quad Copter Based Pesticide Spraying Mechanism for Agricultural Applications

Abstract: Indian agriculture needed production as well as protection materials to achieve high productivity. Fertilizer and chemical frequently needed to kill insects. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimates there are more than 1 million pesticide affective cases in every year. In that around one lakh deaths in each year, especially due to the pesticides sprayed by human being. The pesticide affects the nervous system and also leads to disorders. A Remote Controlled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is used to spray the Pesticide. The vertical take-off and landing quad copter is used to spray the pesticide. This paper describes the development of quad copter UAV and the sprayer module, discusses the integration of sprayer module to quad copter system. Total payload lift off weight of quad copter is 1 kg.

A Study on System Reliability in Weibull Distribution

Abstract: This paper presented the estimation of system reliability using two parameter Weibull distribution. The parameters are estimated using Weibull probability plot & statistical analysis and the results being presented in charts. An increasing complexity of systems often leads to an increase of failure mechanisms. A statistical analysis of the lifetime of systems with several failure mechanisms consisting of several subcomponents considered The Weibull distribution is commonly used as a lifetime distribution in reliability applications. The two-parameter Weibull distribution can represent a decreasing, constant or increasing failure rate.

A Survey on Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular Networks

Abstract: The Present era has experienced an exponential growth in wireless mobile communication. This requires a huge bandwidth, which has motivated the utilization of millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum to be deployed for future broadband cellular networks. Fifth generation (5G) cellular networks are being developed to satisfy the increasing data traffic among mobile devices. 5G cellular networks are expected to have much higher network capacity and provide multi-gigabits-per-second data rate for each user to support multimedia applications with stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements. Millimeter-wave communication is a promising technology for future 5G cellular networks to provide very high data rate (multi-gigabits-per second) for mobile devices. Enabling Device to Device communications over directional mm wave networks is of critical importance to efficiently use the large bandwidth to increase network capacity. Basically in the traditional wireless cellular networks devices were communicating with each other through base stations, whereas the fundamental network architecture of 5G networks has the hybrid combination of 4G and mm wave communication.

Review of Control Strategies for Active Power Filters

Abstract: In present days electricity has become non-separable from human life. Every sphere of human life is dependent on some or other equipment/machine in households, hospitals, industry etc. The consumers have different load patterns such as non-linear loads, switching etc. Such utility pattern results in harmonic generation and reactive power disturbances in the distribution system. The harmonics and reactive power cause a number of undesirable effects such as malfunction in sensitive equipment, over voltage by resonance, increased heat in conductor, harmonic voltage drop across the network impedance and thereby affects other customer loads connected at Point of Common Coupling (PCC). These undesirable effects are overcome to a great extent by deploying Active Power Filters (APF) at PCC. The power quality of a Distribution System can be improved by eliminating harmonics and disturbances due to reactive power. This is achieved by injecting required amount of compensating current to cancel out the harmonics and power disturbances and restore sinusoidal nature of voltage and current waveforms. This improves the power quality and helps protect the sensitive loads from malfunction thereby preventing damage. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Active Power filter configurations, their control strategies and the performance evaluation metrics such as Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for different control strategies.

Design of Milk Analysis System for Dairy Farmers using Embedded System

Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of Arduino controller based system to detect the parameters of milk. The parameters include pH, CLR and SNF. The pH sensor and lactometer are used to measure the quantity, pH and CLR of the milk respectively. Using the value of FAT and CLR the value of SNF can be calculated and studied qualitatively. The sensors are interfaced with the Arduino controller. The software developed enables to read the parameters and display them on the LCD panel. The milk quantity is displayed in litres. This is a low cost and efficient tool to detect adulteration of the milk. Also with the help of IOT (Internet of Things) process the milk industry should be able to send the real time reading information of milk to the government so that it helps to overcome the illegal things such as milk quality during the production of milk pocket.

Study of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) on Capacitor Bank Used in Distribution Power Systems

Abstract: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is the systematic procedure for the analysis and assessment of the potential failure of the equipment. Failure modes of the equipment, causes and effects of the failure modes, detection methods and mitigation methods, as well as the severity of the effects and frequency are specified in the FMEA. This study is a part of the project " consultancy services for preparation of network asset maintenance standards & associated asset management documentation " which are carried out by Monenco consulting engineering company (Iran) for Majan Electricity Company SAOC (Oman). This paper presents FMEA and related worksheets for capacitor banks used in Oman distribution power system and consist of following items: component of the equipment, functions of the component, failure modes of the component, failure causes, failure effect (local and final), detection method, compensating provision, severity of the effect and eventually frequency of the failure modes. This method can be utilized for FMEA execution of all other equipment of the power distribution system. The output of the FMEA can be utilized for critically analysis, Reliability centered maintenance (RCM) and risk based maintenance initiatives.

Implementation of Human Face Detection System for Door Security using Raspberry Pi

Abstract: Nowadays the number of thefts and identity fraud has become a serious issue. In order to avoid these thefts and identity fraud, a face recognition system must be established. The scope of this project is to develop a security access control application based on face recognition. The haar-like features is used for face detection and HOG +SVM algorithm is used for face recognition. In order to achieve a higher accuracy and effectiveness we use OpenCV libraries and python computer language. Training and identification is done in embedded device known as Raspberry Pi.

PLC and SCADA Based Sewage Water Treatment Plant

Abstract: Wastewater from homes and industries, without proper treatment, when released into water source can cause harm to aquatic life and disturb the pH of water causing water pollution. In India, water treatment plants are located across various cities. Proper control and monitoring of these plants can help us improve the productivity thereby limiting scarcity of water as proficient use of water can be achieved. Automation in various separation techniques like bar screening, sedimentation, grit removal, chlorination, Oxidation etc. is being carried out by using programmable logic controller. In this paper, the use of PLC and SCADA in sewage water treatment plant is implemented. The obtained purified water is used for domestic and agricultural purpose on the basis of ph.

IoT Based Power Theft Detection and Monitoring System

Abstract: Electricity theft is a major concern for the utilities. Many times power theft has been major impact on the economy as well as the development of the country. At present to monitor the various parameters like power consumption, the amount of load and to prevent electricity siphoning, an intelligent device would come handy to solve the problem for the power company and the clients. Application of techniques of power monitoring allows to power monitoring systems to receive the information remotely and in relation to the coordinates and time. In this project we are using smart power meter which are fitted on both at the transmission and load side. These meters are capable of measuring power sent over the load sand power consumed by the load over the time respectively. Both the parameters are sent to the base station wirelessly. Whenever there is a mismatch above the tolerance level parameters, then power theft is detected. The system will trigger the alarm to intimate to the concern authority so that they take necessary legal action and prevent power theft in the future.

Hybrid Wind–Battery System for a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion System

Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid wind-battery system for stand-alone wind energy conversion system. Present energy demand heavily depends on the conventional sources. But the frequent increase in the price and limited availability of conventional sources has shifted the focus toward non-conventional energy sources. Among the available alternative energy sources, wind energy is considered to be one of the efficient and proven technologies. With a competitive cost for electricity generation, wind energy conversion system (WECS) is used in present scenario meet both grid-connected and stand-alone load demands. However, wind flow by nature is intermittent. In order to ensure continuous supply of power suitable storage technology is used as backup. In laboratory rigorous test need to be carried out to develop efficient control strategy for wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this paper to meet the dc load the hybrid wind battery system is investigated. State of charge is developed to confirm controlled charging and discharging of battery which acts as a charge controller for battery bank. Pitch management technique is used for the mechanical safety of the WECS. The control schemes are integrated effectively and tested for dc load and wind profiles in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Moving Object Detection and Tracking

Abstract: The detection of moving objects in videos is very important in many video processing applications and background modeling is often an indispensable process to achieve this goal. Most of the traditional background modeling methods utilize color or texture information. However, color information is sensitive to illumination variations and texture information cannot be utilized to separate smooth foreground from smooth background in most cases. A new integration framework of texture and color information for background modeling, in which the foreground decision equation includes three parts (one part for color information, one part for texture information and the left part for the integration of color and texture information). This framework is able to combine the advantages of texture and color features while inhibiting their disadvantages as well. A block based method to accelerate the background modeling. Specifically, in the texture information modeling process, a single histogram model is established for each block whose bins indicate the occurrence probabilities of different patterns, which is different from the traditional multi-histogram model for block-based background modeling, and then dominant background patterns are selected to calculate the background likelihood of new coming blocks. Dynamic background and multimodal problems can be handled through this technique.

Design of Nano Grid using Solar and Hydro System for Smart Homes

Abstract: Smart homes are playing vital role in a smart grid, may no longer be modelled by passive load curves; because their interactive communication and bidirectional power flow within the smart grid affects demand, generation, and electricity rates. To consider such element natural properties, investigator utilize a multiagent-framework based approach in which singular homes are self-governing specialists settling on level headed choices to purchase, offer, or store power in view of their present and expected future measure of loading and capacity, representing the benefits each choice can offer. In the proposed plan, home operators prioritize their choices taking into account the expected utilities they give. Smart homes' expectation to minimize their power bills is in line with the framework. With an arrangement of contextual analyses and affectability investigations, investigator indicate how the general execution of the home agents joins as a new conduct to a harmony benefiting both the substances in various operational conditions and decides the circumstances in which routine homes would benefit from acquiring their own neighbourhood frameworks.

Comparative study of Breakdown Phenomena and Viscosity in Liquid dielectrics

Abstract: Liquid dielectrics are extensively used in electrical apparatus which are operating in distribution and transmission systems. The function of electrical equipment strongly depends on the conditions of liquid dielectric. Liquid dielectrics are used is the most expensive components in power system apparatus like transformers and circuit breakers. A failure of these equipment would cause a heavy loss to the electrical industry and also utilities. Insulation failures are the leading cause of transformer failures and thus the liquid dielectrics plays a major role in the safe operation of transformers. One of the main cause for the failure of transformers is due to the presence of moisture. In this work, the life of insulating medium is estimated by comparing the Breakdown strength and Viscosity of different pure oils with that of the contaminated oils (which contains moisture) and also finding the alternative for mineral oil i.e. vegetable oils which are reliable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly even when they are contaminated.

Automation of FMET & Regression Tests for Doser After-Treatment Controls using Load-box User-Interface-System Hardware-In-Loop Bench

Abstract: Hardware–in-loop (HIL) simulation is a technique which allows the development and testing of Electronic Control Module (ECM) virtually in the real time domain in order to analyse or overlook the behaviour & performance of various sensors and actuators/loads present inside the Doser. Testing done by using the HIL approach reduces the overall cost, manual efforts and overall testing time as compared to manual testing to a greater extent. This paper describes the case study to automate the Failure Mode Effects Tests (FMET) and Regression Tests of Doser System where a HIL technique is invoked for the authentication and affirmation of the performance of the Doser. The system is developed by using Load-Box User Interface System (LUIS) hardware and Digital FMET box which auto-simulate fault conditions for various sensors like Pump Unit Temperature Sensor, Mixed Air Pressure Sensor, NOx sensor, Selective Catalyst Reduction Inlet (SCR) Temperature Sensor and actuators like Internal Metering Valve (IMV), Bypass Valve (BPV), Air Shutoff Valve (ASOV). The conventional manual FMET testing is time-consuming and prone to various manual errors. Thus to reduce the time and manual errors and to increase the overall efficiency the fully automated test bench is developed. The test bench uses National Instruments (NI) Test stand for writing test sequence scripts to fully automate the manual FMET and regression tests. The developed automated test bench deliver faster test results with reduced manual errors, reduced man power and improved cost saving.

Accident Alert and Vehicle Tracking Mechanism

Abstract: In India due to heavy traffic on roads and highways Vehicle accidents are one of the main primary causes of death. The instance between a mishap incidence happens and the emergency medical persons are dispatched to the incident spot is the crucial aspect in the endurance rates after a mishap. By eliminating that time between an accident incident and the earliest responders are dispatched to the scene decreases death rates so that we can accumulate lives. Single approach to wash out that delay between accident occurrence and first responder dispatch is to use an accident Alert and Vehicle tracking system, which intellect when a traffic accident is likely to occur and instantly notify emergency occurred. In this paper, system describes the main application of early accident detection. In this method, primarily the GPS takes input data from the satellite and stores the co-ordinate values in microcontrollers’ buffer. If we have to track the vehicle, we need to notify the GSM device, by which it gets activated. It also gets activated by sensing accident on the shock sensor allied to Raspberry Pi. Simultaneously deactivates GPS with the help of transition .Once GSM gets activated it takes the last tracked coordinate positions values from the buffer and sends a notification via message to a central emergency mail server which is predefined in the program. This system uses the following things i.e. Raspberry Pi, shaking sensors, GPS and GSM modules to identify traffic accidents. This paper also gives review on the accident sensing techniques and some outlooks in the same field. Now-a-days lots of accidents occur on roads and highways due to enhance in traffic and also due to rash driving of the vehicle drivers. And in many conditions the family members or the ambulance and police and traffic control authority is not clued-up in time. This effect in delaying the help reached to the person suffered due to accident. Road accidents comprise the major part of the accident .The theme of the project is to find the vehicle where it is and locate the vehicle by means of sending a notification using a thing placed inside of vehicle system Many of the times we may not be able to find accident location because we don’t know where accident will take place. Our research Accident Notification Alert and Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM is planned to pass up such situations. The accident happens very quick moment the notification goes to the nearby hospital.

A Review: Design of Active Power Filters using Soft Computing Techniques

Abstract: Electrical power quality determines the fitness of a system. Major power quality issues nowadays are harmonics and reactive power. Non-linear loads are the main cause of introduction of harmonics in the system. To mitigate these harmonics, suitable filters are needed to be introduced in the system. Active power filter provides an effective and adjustable solution to eliminate harmonic current and compensate reactive power in an electrical power system. Its performance depends on the strategies employed and the type of controller being used in reference current generation. This paper presents a survey on using soft computing techniques and application of different control strategies in active power filter.

An Experimental Study of the Effect of Current THD to kWh Meter’s Energy Measurement

Abstract: An experimental study of the effect of constant rms current with different THD to the single phase digital kWh meter is presented in this paper. The study focused on how harmonics from non-linear load with constant voltage supply and constant rms current affect the energy measurement of single phase digital watt-hour meter. Traditionally, analog electromechanical meter is using the rms current as its main measurement parameter. In digital meter, different techniques and sampling are used to measure the power consumed by the consumers. Although different techniques and sampling are used, the rms current parameter is still the dominant parameter used to measure and calculate the energy measurement. Both electromechanical and digital meter show good measurements under linear load condition. On the other hand, under non-linear load, harmonics are often neglected in energy measurement. In addition, harmonics in heavily distorted current originated from non-linear load and contributed to lot of losses and it will not be recorded in the billing. To make the situation worse, harmonics can propagate through the transformer and they will be affected the power network either if the harmonics are injected from the source or load side. Analysis from the measurement data clearly showed the effect of the harmonics to the energy measurement. In consequence, either utility company or consumer shall be affected if the harmonics parameter is neglected in the energy measurement purpose. The results showed that no significant difference when the actual digital watt-hour meter energy reading is compared to the calculated energy consumption based on rms current value. Therefore, either harmonics are taken or not taken into account during the energy measurement, the consumer is not affected and still paying the same prices. However, the utility company will be burdened by some losses if harmonics are not taken into consideration.

Performance Analysis of Space vector pulse width modulation based Sensor less Field oriented control of Brushless DC motor

Abstract: This paper presents an approach to Field oriented control (FOC) of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor producing significantly less torque ripple. The sensorless Field oriented control of BLDC motor is more efficient in terms of torque generation compared to back emf zero crossing technique. It allows independent control of torque and rotor flux by controlling the torque and flux producing current components. The space vector pulse width modulation generates switching pulses for inverter switches aids improved system performance with reduced total harmonic distortion compared to other PWM technique. The simulation of SVPWM based sensorless indirect field oriented control of BLDC motor with necessary vector (Clark-Park) transformation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Smart Energy Meter Management using GSM

Abstract: The present electricity billing system in India is inaccuracy flat and time consuming. Errors get introduced at every stage of energy billing like errors with electro-mechanical meters, human errors while noting down the meter readings and errors while processing the paid bills and the due bills. There is no proper way to know the power usage details, load shedding schedules and power robbery. One of the remedies for these drawbacks is implementation of a Smart energy meter. This paper is on the development of a smart energy meter which is having capabilities like remote monitoring and controlling of energy meter. Here the consumer pays the electricity bill well in advance before the energy consumption which would be entitled as pay first and then use it. Each consumer has varying load demands thus depending on those load demands suitable amount of units (kWh) are recharged based on the pulses from the energy meter, microcontroller decrements the number of units of power consumption and displays the remaining available units on LCD display. When the count becomes zero the load is disconnected and it is reconnected when the consumer recharges the units of power. This system helps the consumers and power distribution companies to access the accurate and updated data from the energy meter by sending a message (SMS) to that energy meter, the information is being sent and received with the help of Global system for mobile communication (GSM) network. This energy meter gives the power cut information to the users with a buzzing sound. It also provides the feature of disconnection of power supply to the load whenever there occurs the power theft activities such as bypassing the power supply, this can be done from the distribution company by sending a message (SMS). This system mitigates the revenue losses of the distribution company a larger extent, which in turn helps distribution company to provide quality power to consumers.

Earth Specific Resistance Estimation from Earth Geology using Decision Trees Classification Algorithm

Abstract: The electrical resistance in an earthing system basically consists of resistance of earthing conductors that is negligible and earth transresistance that depends on earth specific resistance varies with earth geology. In our country, designs are made considering earth specific resistance as 100Ω without making any measurements in most practices because these measurements are time consuming and costly. But this may cause important security gaps. This study is carried out to determine the answer of the question whether earth specific resistance could be determined without making any measurements? In this study geological data-earth specific resistance relation is modelled with decision tree classification algorithms in Weka software environment. The study is performed on the field that is located in Turkey. Estimation results yielded significant outputs. We expect this study to be pioneer for more widespread practices enhancing field diversity.

Co-operative Amplify and Forward Relaying Strategy for Mobile Adhoc Network for Efficient Communication

Abstract: For enhancing the BER performance of a wireless network by reducing the effects of fading, transmit diversity is an effective way [1]. Due to size, hardware and cost constraints, majority of the wireless devices (i.e. mobile handsets, etc) are limited to only one antenna. Co-operative communication can be used and incorporated to achieve the transmit diversity by utilizing single antenna wireless devices to share their antennas during session. Such an arrangement creates a virtual MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) system [2] [3]. In this paper, we will discuss about the cooperative communications and analyze the performance of amplify and forward protocol for single relay model in idealistic condition which gives way forward to tackle the challenges in Spectrum allocation, Improvement of channel capacity, Extension of range, energy efficient Communications etc.

Level Control of Two Conical Tank Non Interacting System using PID and Fuzzy Logic

Abstract: Non-linear process control is a difficult problem in process industries. Conical tank level control is one among them. Conical tanks are widely used in many industries due to its shape which provides easy discharge of water when compared to other tanks. Moreover, liquid level control of a conical tank is still challenging for typical process control because of its nonlinearities by a reason of constantly changing cross section area. By using fuzzy logic, designers can realize lower development costs, superior features, and better end product performance. Fuzzy is often the very best way as they are faster and cheaper. One of successful application that used fuzzy control is liquid tank level control. The purpose of this project is to design a simulation system of fuzzy logic controller for liquid tank level control by using simulation package which is Fuzzy Logic Toolbox and Simulink in MATLAB software. In this paper the mathematical modeling of two non-interacting conical tanks by PID controller and fuzzy. In this paper, we take the liquid level water tank, and use MATLAB to design a Fuzzy Control. Then we analyze the control effect and compare it with the effect of PID controller. As a result of comparing, Fuzzy Control is superior to PID control. Especially it can give more attention to various parameters, such as the time of response, the error of steadying and overshoot. Comparison of the control results from these two systems indicated that the fuzzy logic controller significantly reduced overshoot and steady state error.

A Review on Internet of Things - Protocols, Issues

Abstract: The “Internet of Things” (IoT) concept is used to define or reference systems that rely on the autonomous communication of a group of physical objects. The applications areas of the IoT are numerous, including: smart homes, smart cities and industrial automation. IoT systems often provide great benefits to numerous industries and society as a whole. Many of the IoT systems and technologies are relatively novel. The aim of this paper is to provide the last and most innovative contributions concerning the Protocol, Technology, Application, Architecture & Issues of interest in IoT solutions that involve interconnected smart things that interoperate with the objective of solving problems, provide functionality or optimize tasks.

Available Transfer Capability based Transmission Pricing Using optimal Power Flow Approach in Deregulated Electricity Market

Abstract: Before deregulation there was only single entity to generate and distribute electricity in an area. Due to this monopoly, the price of electricity was on the higher side and also the quality of electricity was not satisfactory. This scenario changes after the deregulation of power industry. The competition arises in generation and distribution. But the transmission corridor remains the same for transferring the power. Every operator wants to maximize their profit. Due to this the number of transactions increases. This may cause congestion in transmission network. To avoid congestion, every operator should know the value of ATC before every transaction. The aim of this paper is to develop an Optimal Power Flow based approach to analyse electrical Transfer capability using Power Transfer Distribution Factor. Also Available Transfer Capability Based Transmission Pricing is evaluated. The above said methodology is applied on IEEE 30 bus system.