Showing papers in "Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences in 2012"

Relationship between grain yield and plant characteristics in grain sorghum genotypes under drought stress conditions

Abstract: نیا رد رد درکلمع اب طبترم تایصوصخ و درکلمع طباور شیامزآ 13 هناد موگروس پیتونژ كولب حرط بلاق رد يا لـماک ياـه ازجم یشیامزآ طیحم هس رد و رارکت هس رد یفداصت ) یشیاز و یشیور هلحرم ود رد یکشخ شنت ،شنت نودب طیارش ( یباـیزرا دروـم تفرگ رارق . دافتسا اب يرایبآ شنت نودب طیحم رد هلول زا ه هـتفرگ تروص فیدر ره يارب یجورخ هچیرد بصن و سکیفوردیه ياه یشیور هلحرم رد شنت لامعا ،شنت دجاو طیحم ود رد و ) یشیاز ۀلحرم رد و ینتسبآ زاغآ ات یگرب راهچ هلحرم زا ) یهدـلگ زاـغآ زا تخس يریمخ هلحرم ات ( ماـجنا لوـمعم لاور هـب شنـت لـحارم زا جراخ رد طقف يرایبآ ، دـش . هداد سناـیراو هـیزجت فلاتـخا اـه ینعم پیتونژ نیب ار يراد داد ناـشن یطیحم طیارش هس ره رد درکلمع اب طبترم کیژولوفروم تایصوصخ يارب اه . یگتـسبمه هداـس نیب شنت نودب طیارش رد یسررب دروم تافص ناشن داد اب هناد درکلمع هک تشادرب صخاش تافص طیارـش رد ،هشوخ رد هناد دادعت و هـتوب عافترا و نیمز زا مچرپ گرب عافترا ،هشوخ رد هناد دادعت ،کیژولویب درکلمع ،تشادرب صخاش تافص اب یشیور هلحرم رد شنت یهدلگ ات زور و تشادرب صخاش تافص اب یشیاز هلحرم رد شنت طیارش رد و تبثم یگتسبمه تـشاد يراد یـنعم و . هـیزجت جیاـتن نویسرگر هب ماگ شور هب یطخ هناگدنچ ماگ صخشم گرـب تحاـسم ،هـشوخ رد هـناد دادعت تافص شنت نودب طیارش رد هک دومن هـلحرم رد شنـت طیارـش رد ،کیژولویزیف یگدیسر ات زور و گرب کشخ نزو ،هتوب عافترا ،هقاس کشخ نزو ،هناد رازه نزو ،مچرپ م رد شنت طیارش رد و نیمز زا مچرپ گرب عافترا و هشوخ رد هناد دادعت تافص یشیور لوـط و مچرـپ گرـب تحاـسم یشیاز هلحر دندوب لدم هتسباو تفص ناونع هب هناد درکلمع رد راد ینعم و رثوم لقتسم تافص و ءازجا هشوخ . طیارـش رد شیاـمزآ دروـم تافـص یگتـسبمه بیارـض اـب بـیترت هب یشیاز هلحرم رد شنت و یشیور هلحرم رد شنت ،شنت نودب 86 / 0 = r ، 75 / 0 = r و 56 / 0 = r تارـییغت مع دندرک هیجوت ار درکل . رد بـیترت هـب هقاس کشخ نزو و هشوخ رد هناد دادعت ،هشوخ رد روذب نزو هک داد ناشن تیلع هیزجت جیاتن و دنتـشاد هـناد درـکلمع تارـییغت داجیا رد ار میقتسم رثا نیرتشیب یشیاز هلحرم رد شنت و یشیور هلحرم رد شنت ،شنت نودب طیارش بثم میقتسم ریغ رثا نیرتشیب گرـب تحاـسم ،هقاـس رـطق ،هـشوخ رد روذب نزو ،هشوخ رد هناد دادعت قیرط زا بیترت هب اهنآ یفنم و ت دندومن لامعا هناد درکلمع رب هتوب عافترا و مچرپ .

Effect of foliar application of auxin, absisic acid and cytokinin hormones on grain yield and yield components of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under low temperature stress conditions.

Abstract: Mohabbati F., F. Moradi, F. Paknejad, S. Vazan., D. Habibi, S. Behneya and H. Pour Irandoost. 2012. Effect of foliar application of auxin, absisic acid and cytokinin hormones on grain yield and yield components of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under low temperature stress conditions Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):58-71. (In Persian). To study the effects of auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CK) hormones on grain yield and its components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under low temperature stress conditions, an experiment was conducted during 2008 in phytotron in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran. Three rice genotypes (33: IR72944-1-2-2, 34: IR73688-57-2 as exotic cold-tolerant and Hoveizeh as Iranian coldsensitive genotypes) were foliar-applied with IAA, ABA and CK hormones and treated with two temperatures conditions including; 22/29 C (night/day) and 15/13 C (night/day) as control and stress temperatures, respectively. Grain weight.hill (g), spikelet.spike, fertility (%), maximum tiller number, fertile tiller number were examined in a factorial experiment using completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Results showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes. Grain weight.hill of Hoveizeh cultivar was significantly higher in control (26.2 g) than stress (1.4 g) conditions. This trait showed a significant reduction in non-applied treatment as compared with hormonal treatments. IAA, ABA, and CK hormones, under stress conditions, increased grain weight.hill from 1.2 g to 24.1 g, 20.8 g and 30.4 g, respectively. Grain weight.hill under control temperature increased from 26.2 g in non-applied to 40.1 g in CK-applied treatment. There were significant interactions between genotypes and hormonal treatments. Application of hormones prevented the reduction of grain weight.hill under stress temperatures. Grain weight.hill of Hoveizeh cultivar with application of IAA, ABA and CK under stress conditions, showed 94.1%, 93.3% and 95.4% increases, respectively. IAA, ABA and CK applications under stress conditions also increased fertile tillers (%) to 85.5%, 85.5% and 82.3 %, respectively, in comparison to non-applied treatment. CK caused a significant increase in grain weight.hill under stress conditions. It increased the number of spike in Hoveizeh up to 14.4 % under low temperature stress conditions. It is concluded that the amount and balance of hormones are the most important and effective factors in rice plants to tolerate low temperature stress conditions.

Evalution of forage yield and protein content of maize and cowpea (vigna unguiculatal.) intercropping

Abstract: Dahmardeh, M., A. Ghanbari, B. A. Siahsar and M. Ramroudi. 2012. Evalution of forage yield and protein content of maize and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) intercropping. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(4): 658-670. (In Persian). Quality and quantity of forage yield were evaluated in Sistan region in 2008. Experimental treatments were different planting ratios of maize and cowpea in row intercropping. Eight planting ratios of maize and cowpea (100:100, 100:50, 50:100, 50:50, 25:75, 75:25, 100:0 and 0:100 maize and cowpea intercropping) and two harvest times ( milk stage and dough stage of maturity) were studied in factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications. Dry and fresh forage yield, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), height of plant, protein yield of maize and cowpea were measured and analyzed. Results showed that experimental treatments had significant effect on fresh and dry forage yields. The highest and the lowest dry yield was obtained in planting ratio of 100% maize + 100% cowpea and 100% cowpea + 0% maize with 32140 kg.ha and 9030 kg.ha, respectively. The highest LER was obtained from planting ratio of 100% maize + 100% cowpea with LER = 2.42. Protein yield in intercropping was greater than sole maize crop. Results also showed that intercropping as compared to sole cropping had the highest quantity and quality forage yield, and the best planting ratio was 100% maize + 100% cowpea and harvest at doughy stage.

Heritability of agronomic traits in the progenies of a cross between two drought tolerant and susceptible barley genotypes in terminal drought stress conditions.

Abstract: Nakhjavan, S., M. R. Bihamta, F. Darvish, B. Sorkhi and M. Zahravi. 2012. Heritability of agronomic traits in the progenies of a cross between two drought tolerant and susceptible barley genotypes in terminal drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(2):136-154. (In Persian). Heritability and gene actions of some important quantitative agronomic traits were studied in the progenies of a cross between a drought tolerant and a susceptible barley lines in normal irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions. A cross was made between two genotypes EC 84-12 and 1-BC-80455 susceptible and tolerant to drought, respectively. Parents as well as F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were evaluated under field conditions in two separate experiments using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. These experiments were carried out in the research field station, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 cropping cycles. In normal irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions, irrigation was applied until physiological maturity and anthesis stages, respectively. Plant height, spike length, awn length, grain yield plant, 1000 grain weight (TGW), harvest index (HI), number of days to heading, number of days to physiological maturity were measured and recorded. Analysis of variances in both environments indicated that significant differences were found between generations for all traits; therefore, generation mean analysis could be performed. Results revealed that under both normal irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions, all traits, except harvest index, were controlled by additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects. For traits as grain yield plant, TGW, HI, the contribution of dominance gene effects under terminal drought stress conditions was higher, considering the dominance/additive ratio, as compared to normal irrigation conditions. Comparison of gene actions in both normal irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions indicated that the contribution of dominance genes effects has been increased as compared to the additive gene effect for grain yield plant, and harvest index, number of days to physiological maturity, and decreased for plant height, spike length, awn length. In general, for traits showed hig ratio of additive to dominance gene effect, selection could be effective in early generation, however for traits with high dominance to additive gene effects selection should be made in later generations till desirable genes are fixed. The broad and narrow sense of heritabilities for the traits under normal irrigation ranged between 0.43 to 0.69 and 0.31 to 0.43, respectively. In terminal drought stress conditions, heritabities ranged between 0.41 to 0.81 and 0.36 to 0.45, respectively. The maximum number of genes for the traits under normal irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions was estimated 1.51 and 4.32 genes, respectively.

Evaluation of potential of biological nitrogen fixation of rhizobium strains in legume crops in west azerbaijan province

Abstract: Eivazi, A. R., A. Fajri, M. Rezazad, M. Soleimapour and M. Rezai. 2012. Evaluation of potential of biological nitrogen fixation of Rhizobium strains in legume crops in West Azerbaijan province. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13 (4): 627-

Study of grain yield stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) promising lines in cold regions of Iran using regression methods.

Abstract: . Wachir, F., W. Ngetich, J. Omolo and G. Mamati. 2002. Genotype × environment interactions for tea yields. Euphytica, 127: 289–296. Westcott, B. 1986. Some methods of analyzing genotype-environment interaction . Heredity, 56: 243-253. Wricks, G. 1962. Uber eien method zur erfassung der ecologischen streubreite in feldversuchen. Pflanzenzuchtung, 47: 92-96. Yan, W. 2001. GGEbiplot – a Windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agron. J. 93: 1111–1118. Zobel, R. W., M. J. Wright and H. G. Gauch. 1988. Statistical analysis of yield trial. Agron. J. 80: 388-393.

Effect of foliar application of zinc sulphate on grain yield, oil and protein content in four rapeseed (brassica napus l.) cultivars

Abstract: Omidian A., S. A. Siadat, R. Naseri and M. Moradi. 2012. Effect of foliar application of zinc sulphate on grain yield, oil and protein content in four rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):16-28. (In Persian). To evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc sulphate on plant characteristics of rapeseed cultivars a field experiment was carried out during 2008-2009 growing season in Shirvan-Chardavol Field Station of Ilam, Iran. The experiment was performed using factorial arrangement in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental factors included zinc sulphate foliar application (control, foliar application at stem elongation, and flowering stages) and four rapeseed cultivars (Hyola401, Hyola308, Zarfam and Sarigol). Results showed that foliar application significantly affected grain yield, silique.plant, grain.silique, 1000 grain weight, oil and protein content. Foliar application of zinc sulphate at stem elongation and flowering stages increased grain yield (by 11% and 17%, respectively). Also, oil and protein contents were increased by application of zinc sulphate. The highest oil (35.1%) and protein (27.3%) contents obtained from application of zinc sulphate at flowering stage when compared to control treatment. Cultivars were significantly different for grain yield, yield components, silique length, oil content, protein content and plant height. The highest (4201 kg.ha) and lowest (2981 kg.ha) grain yield obtained from Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars, respectively. Oil and protein contents were also significantly different in rapeseed cultivars. Zarfam had the highest oil content (34.9%) in comparison to the other cultivars. It is concluded that that zinc sulphate foliar application on Zarfam cultivar at flowering stage resulted in higher seed yield under the climatic conditions of the experimental site.

Effect of salt stress on morphological and physiological traits of two species of rapeseed (brassica napus and b. rapa)

Abstract: لاس رد يا هناخلگ یشیامزآ ،ازلک کیژولویزیف و کیژولوفروم ياهراتفر هعلاطم روظنم هب 1388 هاگـشناد يزرواشک هدکشناد رد دیدرگ ماجنا سردم تیبرت . دادعت 36 لماش رامیت 18 ینغور مغلش و ازلک مقر ) 15 هنوگ زا مقر napus و 3 هـنوگ زا مقر rapa ( ود و كاخ يروش حطس ) 2 و 12 یسد ز رتم رب سنمی ( كولب حرط بلاق رد لیروتکاف شیامزآ تروص هب رارـکت هـس اـب یفداصت لماک ياه دنتفرگ رارق یسررب دروم . تدم هب شیامزآ هرود 50 زور ) تزور هلحرم نایاپ ات ( تـفای هـمادا . شنـت هـک داد ناـشن شیاـمزآ جیاـتن بآ نازیم و هدوت تسیز و کنهپ ،گربمد نزو ،گرب حطس و دادعت يروش ینزو تبسن و شهاک ار گرب بآ یبسن ياوتحم و گرب داد شیازفا ار بوچ دنوآ هب شکبآ دنوآ ینزو تبسن زین و گربمد هب کنهپ . و هدوـت تـسیز و نیرـتمک گرـب بآ یبـسن ياوـتحم دنداد ناشن ار تارییغت نیرتشیب گرب بآ نازیم . کـنهپ نزو و حطس اب یلو ،تشادن یگتسبمه گرب دادعت اب هدوت تسیز یگتـسبمه داد ناشن یبوخ . لیفورلک نازیم شهاک ثعاب يروش شنت ياه a و b يرادـیاپ زـین و کـنهپ میدـس هب میساتپ تبسن و میساتپ ،لک و دش گرب کنهپ میدس نازیم شیازفا و اشغ . دوب میساتپ نازیم شهاک زا رتشیب بتارم هب میدس نازیم شیازفا . تبـسن رـب يروـش شنت لیفورلک a هب b هنادگنر ریاس و یهایگ ياه ) اهدیئونولاف و نینایسوتنآ ،اهدیئونتوراک ( تـشادن يریثات . شیازـفا ثـعاب يروـش شنـت هنوگ رد نیلورپ نازیم napus هنوگ رد یلو ،دش rapa تفای شهاک . یگتـسبمه هـنوگ ود رـه رد هدوـت تـسیز اب نیلورپ نازیم نیب تشادن دوجو . ک داد ناشن نیا شیامزآ نیا جیاتن هنوگ يروش هب لمحت نازیم ه napus هـنوگ زا دـشر هیلوا لحارم رد rapa رتـشیب یم رتشیب لمحت نیا هک دوب هنوگ ندوب دیئولپید یفمآ اب دناوت napus دشاب طبترم .

Mapping quantitative trait loci for plant height, heading time, growth duration and grain yield in two advanced back cross populations of rice.

Abstract: Hosseini Chaleshtari, M., S. Houshmand, Sh. Mohammadi, A. Tarang, M. Khoddambashi and H. Rahim Soroush. 2012. Mapping quantitative trait loci for plant height, h eading time, growth duration and grain yield in two advanced back cross populations of rice. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(3): 235-249. (In Persian). Two BC2F4 populations of rice, Hashemi/IR67418-110-3222 (Has hemi/IR-22) and Hashemi/Neda, Hashemi was as recurrent parent, were studied during two ye ars (2009 and 2010) for QTLs detection for plant he ig t, days to 50% heading, growth duration and yield. The role of pistasis and QTL-environment interaction on th ese traits was also studied. Hashemi/IR-22 and Hashemi/Neda li nes were tested with 61 and 65 polymorph SSR primer pairs, respectively, which were distributed on all chromosomes. The total genetic maps lengths of Hash emi/IR22 and Hashemi/Neda were 1103.45cM and 1260.53cM, r espectively. Four to five QTLs were detected for ea ch trait in Hashmi/IR-22 population with at least two QTLs repeated for each trait during two years. Thes e QTLs explained 5.6% to 37% of the traits phenotypic vari ation. In Hashemi/Neda population three to four QTL s were detected for each trait, with at least one QTL repe ated for each trait during two years. These QTLs ex plained 5.1% to 43.2% of the traits phenotypic variation. F rom detected QTLs, only a plant height QTL flanked by RM234 marker on chromosome 7 and a yield QTL flanke d by RM3337 and were the same in the two populations. This indicated the important role of g enetic background effect on controlling these trait s. In each population there were QTLs that simultaneously affe cted two or more of the studied traits, e. g. plant height, days to 50% heading, growth duration and yield, whi ch suggested pleiotropic or linkage gene effects fo r these traits. Two QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 8 for growth duration and QTL on chromosome 8 for yield in Hashemi/IR-22 population and one QTL on chromosome 6 for days to 50% heading and growth duration and one QTL on chromosome 3 for yield in Hashemi/Neda s howed interaction with environment. Also in each population a pair of QTLs was recognized with signi ficant epistatic effect.

Mapping of loci controlling phenological traits in durum wheat under drought stress and non-stress conditions using ssr markers

Abstract: Golabadi, M., A. Arzani, S. A. M. Mirmohammadi Maibody. 2012. Mapping of loci controlling phenological traits in durum wheat under drought stress and non-stress conditions using SSR markers. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(4): 712-729. (In Persian). In this experiment, markers linked to the gene(s) controlling days to heading, days to anthesis and days to maturity were identified in a segregating population of 151 F3 and F4 families derived from the cross between Oste-Gata as drought tolerance and Massara-1 as susceptible durum wheat genotypes. The traits were assessed in field trails in two environmental conditions in 2003 and 2004 cropping cycles. From 200 markers screened in this study, 30 markers which were polymorphic distributed on different wheat chromosomes, except 2A, 4A and 6B. . Based on single marker analysis, Xgwm148-2B and Xwmc45-7A showed association with days to heading under two environmental conditions and explained 19% of the total phenotypic variation. For days to maturity, Xcfa2114-6A closely associated with other traits under stress and non-stress conditions. The presence of markers that were exactly located at the same regions of chromosomes reflected high correlation between traits. Composite interval mapping identified 3, 2 and 2 QTLs for days to heading, days to anthesis and days to maturity, respectively. These QTLs were located on chromosome 2B and 3B for days to heading and days to antheisis and 3B and 5A for days to maturity, respectively. These QTLs could explain about 10% of phenotypic variation of phenological traits.

Evaluation of allometric relationships between leaf area and vegetative characteristics in bread and durum wheat cultivars

Abstract: Bakhshandeh, E., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, M. Kalateh-Arabi and R. Ghadiryan. 2012. Evaluation of allometric relationships between leaf area and vegetative characteristics in bread and durum wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(4): 642-657. (In Persian). Prediction of leaf area is essential in crop simulation models. The objective of this study was to find relationships between leaf area (LA) cm.plant and numbers of leaves on main stem (NLMS), leaf dry weight (LDW) g.plant, total dry weight of vegetative organs (leaf and stem) (TDWV) g.plant and plant height (PH) cm, in wheat. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted using seven wheat cultivars including two durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars (Arya and Dena) and five bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Darya, Kuhdasht, Shiroudi, Tajan and Zagros) under irrigated and rainfed conditions at research farm of the Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences, Gorgan, Iran, in 2008-2009 cropping season. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Sampling was performed during the whole growing season. In each sampling; LA, NLMS, LDW, TDWV and PH, were measured and recorded. Segmented nonlinear regression model was used to describe allometric relationships between LA and the vegetative characteristics. Results showed that there was no significant difference between cultivars and the two conditions in respect to coefficients of allometric relationships. Therefore, one equation was used for all cultivars under both conditions. Significant relationships were found between LA and NLMS (R = 0.92), LDW (R = 0.96), TDWV (R = 0.95) and PH (R = 0.91). These equations can be used in simulation models of wheat as well as for the fast and easy estimation of leaf area, especially where there is no necessary equipments available.

Genetic assessment of silique length in rapeseed (brassica napus l.) using generation mean analysis and rapd markers

Abstract: . Falconer, D. S. 1989. Introduction to quantitative genetics. The Ronald Press Company. New York. Farooq, A. K., S. Ali, A. Shakeel, A. Saeed, and G. Abbas. 2006. Genetic variability and genetic advance analysis for some morphological traits in Brassica napus L. J. Agric. Res. 44(2): 83-88. Farshadfar, E. 1998. Application of biometrical genetics in plant breeding. Razi University of Kermanshah Press. (In Persian). Hashemi, A. 2006. Genetic studies of rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) via diallele analysis. M.Sc. thesis. The University of Mazandaran, Faculty of Agriculture, 627 pp. (In Persian). Hawkins, G. P., X. Zhang, M. R. Thiagarjah, L. M. Corrigan and G. R. Stringam. 2005. Identification of RAPD markers linked to pod length in (B. napus) canola. Canad. J. Plant. Sci. 85: 803-808. Mahmud, I. and H. H. Karmer. 1951. Segregation for yield, height and maturity following a soybean cross. Agron. J. 43: 605609. Mather, K. and L. Jinks. 1982. Biometrical genetics the study of continuous variation. Chapman and Hall.

Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers application on grain yield and yield components of maize (zea mays l.) sc704

Abstract: . Mohammadian, M. and M. J. Malakouti. 2002. Effect of two types of composts on soil physical and chemical properties and corn yield. J. Water Soil Sci. 16: 144-151. (In Persian with English abstract). Naghavi Maremati, A., M. A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti and S. Salak Gilani. 2007. Effect of different rate and type of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of different rice cultivars. Proceeding of 10 Iranian Soil Science Congress, 26-28 Aug. 2007,Tehran, Iran. (In Persian). Pedra, F., A. Polo, A. Ribero and H. Domingues. 2006. Effect of municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge on mineralization of soil organic matter. J. Soil Bio. Biochem. 29: 1375-1382. Ramadass, K. and S. Palaniyandi. 2007. Effect of enriched municipal solid waste compost application on soil available macronutrient in the rice field. Archiv. Agron. Soil Sci. 53: 497-506. Rezvantalab, N., H. Pirdashty, M. A. Bahmanyar and A. Abbasiyan. 2009. Evaluating effects of municipal waste compost and chemical fertilizer application on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L. SC704). Electronic J. Crop. Prod. 2(1):75-90. (In Persian with English abstract). Sailaja Kumara, M. S. and K. Ushakumari. 2002. Effect of vermicompost enriched with rock phosphate on the yield and uptake of nutrients in cowpea. J. Tropic. Agri. 40: 27-30. Schussler, J. R. and M. E. Westgate. 1991. Maize kernel set at lower water potential: II. Sensitivity to reduced assimilates at pollination. Crop Sci. 31: 1196-1203. Sujatha, M. G., B. S. Lingaraju, Y. B. Palled and K. V. Ashalatha. 2008. Importance of integrated nutrient

Effect of deficit irrigation levels at four growth stages on yield and quality of sugar beet

Abstract: Mirzaei, M. R. and S. M. Rezvani. 2012. Effect of deficit irrigation levels at four growth stages on yield and quality of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(2):94-107. (In Persian). To estimate the crop sensitivity factor (Ky) and to assess water stress effect in different growth stages of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted as split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was carried out in 2004 and 2005 growing seasons in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamadan Province, Hamedan, Iran. Main plots consisted of four different growth stages including; 1: germination to establishment, 2: establishment to 70-80% canopy development, 3: full canopy development and 4: beginning of canopy senescence to crop maturity (maximum extraction coefficient). Sub-plots consisted of different water consumption levels; 100, 85, 70 and 55% of full irrigation requirements. Combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference between growth stages for sugar yield and white sugar yield. Quality properties including sugar content and white sugar content also differed significantly. There was significant difference between irrigation levels for quantitative traits as well as alkalinity coefficient. Interaction effect of growth stage × irrigation level was significant for different quantitative traits. In conclusion sugar beet sensitivity to water stress is alike in all of the growth stages. The most sensitive growth stage of sugar beet to water stress was the first stage for root yield and sugar yield. The crop sensitivity factor for different growth stages of sugar beet was 1.23, 1.02, 1.06 and 0.84, respectively. It is suggested that the available irrigation water is applied during the growth stages of sugar beet with crop sensitivity factor less than one. Therefore, water consumption can be reduced by 45% at the second and fourth growth stages and 15% at third growth stage, relative to full irrigation, without significant decrease in white

Assessment of phylogenetic relationships of acc gene in hordeum, leymus and elymus genera

Abstract: Behzadi Rad, M., M. R. Nagavi and A. R. Taleei. 2012. Assessment of phylogenetic relationships of ACC gene in Hordeum, Leymus and Elymus genera. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):84-93. (In Persian). Plastid single-copy gene acetylcoAcarboxylase (ACCase) is the first agent in the biosynthesis of fatty acids which is suitable for the studying of phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary and systematic of grasses. Single and low copy genes are less likely subject to concerted evolution, thus making themselves ideal tools for studying the origin and evolution of polyploid taxa. In this study, phylogenetic relationship of seven species and subspecies of (Hordeum) of Iran including (Hordeum murinum L. ), (Hordeum marinum Hudson ), (Hordeum brevisubulatum Trinus Link ), (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch ), (Hordeum bulbosom L. ), (Hordeum vulgare convar. distichon L. ), (Hordeum vulgare convar. hexastichon L.), were investigated using gene-specific primers acetylCoAcarboxylase (ACC1) and then compared their sequences with the sequences of species of Leymus and Elymus genera. A great diversity was observed in the wild barley from Iran. Phylogenetic tree grouped all samples in two main groups. The first group consisted of all accessions of Leymus and Elymus genera as well as two accessions of Hordeum. While the second group consisted of all Iranian species/subspecies of Hordeum along with Hordeum vulgare L. with unknown origin. Since ACC1 gene is a valuable source for phylogenetic analysis in the Triticeae tribe, this research investigated the genomic and evolutionary relationships of the Hordeum, Leymus and Elymus genera and dtermined reasonable and important Taxonomy relationships among Hordeum species from Iran.

Effect of planting pattern and plant density of maize (zea mays l.) on the morphophysiological characteristics and growth indices of maize and redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l) under competition conditions

Abstract: . Bullock, D. G., R. L. Nielsen and W. E. Nyquist. 1988. A growth analysis comparison of corn grown in conventional and equidistant plant spacing. Crop Sci. 28: 254-258. Dalley , D. C. , J. J. Kells and K. A. Renner. 2004. Effect of glyphosate application timing and row spacing on weed growth in corn and soybean. Weed Tech.18: 177-182. Fateh. A, F. Sharifzadeh, D. Mazaheri and M. A. Baghestani. 2006. Evaluation of competition common lambsquarters and corn planting on yield and yield component corn (SC704). Res. Construction J. 73: 87-95. (In Persian with English abstract). Fathi. Gh. 2005. The study of effects planting pattern and density on light amortization coefficient, radiation absorption and yield of sweet corn (SC402). J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 12: 131-141. (In Persian with English abstract). Ghadiri. H. 2007. Weeds science. (Third Ed.) Shiraz University Press. (In Persian). Hoof, D. J. and H. J. Medrski. 1972. Effect of equidistant corn plant spacing in yield. Agron. J. 54: 295-297. Khajehpour, M. R. 1987. Principles and Fundamentals of Agronomy (2 Ed.). Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian). D ow nl oa de d fr om a gr ob re ed jo ur na l.i r at 1 5: 27 + 04 30 o n T hu rs da y Ju ne 1 3t h 20 19 \" ترذ هتوب مکارت و تشاک شیارآرثا ..... \" 56 Khochaki, A, H. Zarif Ketabi and A. R. Nakhforosh. 2006. Ecological Approaches Weeds Management (2 Ed.). Mashhad University Press. (In Persian). Lindquist, J. L., D. A. Mortensen and B. E. Johns. 1998. Mechanisms of corn tolerance and velvet leaf suppressive ability. Agron. J. 90: 787-792. Mazaheri. D, M. Asgari-Rad and A. Bankeh Saz.2002. The study of effect planting pattern and plant density on yield and yield component in corn (SC647). Res. Construction J. 54: 46-48. (In Persian with English abstract). Mc Lachlan , S. M., M. Tollenaar, C. J. Swanton and S. F. Weise. 1993. Effect of corn-induced shading on. Mc Lachlan , S. M., M. Tollenaar, C. J. Swanton and S. F. Weise. 1993. Effect of corn-induced shading on dry matter accumulation, distribution and architecture of redroot pigweed. Weed Sci. 44: 568-573. Mirzai. R, M. Rostami, M. Ovisi, M. Banayanaval and M. A. Baghestani. 2005. Economic threshold and corn yield loss in competition with pigweed. J. Plant Pests Dis. 73: 1-12. (In Persian with English abstract). Najafi , H. and T. Tollenaar. 2005. Response of corn at different leaf stages to shading by redroot pigweed, Iran. J. Weed Sci. 2: 127-139. (In Persian with English abstract). Nielson, R. L. 1999. Perspective on narrow row spacing for corn. Weed Sci. 42: 354-361. Olsen, L. J, J. M. Kristensen and L. Weiner. 2006. Influence of spatial pattern and density of winter wheat (Triticium aestivum L.) on suppression of different weed species. Weed Sci. 10: 126-137. Ottman, M. J. and L. F. Welch . 1989. Planting patterns and radiation interception, plant nutrient concentration and yield in corn. Agron. J. 81: 167-174. Porter , P. M. and D. R. Hicks. 1997. Corn response to row width plant population in the Northern Corn Belt. Prod. Agric. 10: 293. Saberi. A., D. Mazaheri and H. Sharif-Abad. 2006. The study of effect of density and planting arrangement on yield and agronomic characteristics of corn (SC667). J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 1: 57-67. (In Persian with English abstract). Sadeghi. H, M. A. Baghestani, Gh. Akbari and A. Hejazi. 2003. The study of growth indices of soybean and some weeds in competition condition. J. Plant Pests Dis. 2: 87-106. (In Persian with English abstract). Shrestha, A. 2007. Manipulation in planting patterns for weed management in row – crops, weed biology. In: www.weed biology. UCKac.edu /PEF/row spacing. pdf[10 Aug. 2007]. Tollenaar, M., S. Nissanka, P. Aguilera, A. Weise and C. J. Swanton. 1994 . Effect of weed interference and soil nitrogen on four maize hybrids. Agron. J. 86: 595-601. Vangssel, M. J. and K. A. Renner. 1990. Redroot pigweed and barnyard grass interference in potatoes (Solanum tubererosum L.). Weed Sci. 38: 338 – 343. Yadavi. A, M. Agha Alikhani, A. Ghalavand and E. Zand. 2006. Effect of plant density and planting arrangement on yield and growth indices of corn under competition with pigweed. Agric. Res. J. 62(6): 3146. (In Persian). Zand. E and M. A. Baghestani. 2002. Weed Resistance to Herbicides. Mashhad University Press. (In Persian). D ow nl oa de d fr om a gr ob re ed jo ur na l.i r at 1 5: 27 + 04 30 o n T hu rs da y Ju ne 1 3t h 20 19 \" هلجم ناریا یعارز مولع \" ، دلج مهدراهچ هرامش ، 1 ، راهب 1391 57 Effect of planting pattern and plant density of maize (Zea mays L.) on the morphophysiological characteristics and growth indices of maize and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) under competition conditions Amoo Zadeh, M. M. A. Baghestani, M. Barary, A. A. Nasrollah Nejad and M. M. Pour Siahbidi ABSTRACT Amoo Zadeh, M., M. A. Baghestani, M. Barary, A. A. Nasrollah Nejad and M. M. Pour Siahbidi. 2012. Effect of planting pattern and plant density of maize (Zea mays L.) on the morpho-physiological characteristics and growth indices of maize and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) under competition conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):44-57. (In Persian).Amoo Zadeh, M., M. A. Baghestani, M. Barary, A. A. Nasrollah Nejad and M. M. Pour Siahbidi. 2012. Effect of planting pattern and plant density of maize (Zea mays L.) on the morpho-physiological characteristics and growth indices of maize and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) under competition conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):44-57. (In Persian). To study the effect of integrated planting pattern and plant spacing on competition between maize and redroot pigweed a field experiment was carried out at experimental station of Agricultural College of Ilam University in 2006 growing season. Experimental treatments were arranged as split plot in randomized complete block with three replications. Main plots consisted of planting patterns (single row, rectangular twin rows and zigzag twin rows) and maize plant densities (5.33, 6.66, 8.33, 9.52, 11.11 plant.m) were randomized in sub plots. Results indicated that leaf area index, total dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate (CGR) of maize increased in all planting patterns, especially zigzag twin rows planting with 11.11 plant.m. However, dry matter accumulation and growth rate decreased in redroot pigweed. In fact, among different maize arrangements, twin rows planting and particularly zigzag twin rows increased grain yield and yield components, on the other hand zigzag twin rows planting arrangement increased competitive ability of maize against redroot pigweed. Zigzag twin rows planting with plant density of 11.11 plant.mproduced the maximum grain yield (13632 kg.ha), biological yield (21642 kg.ha), harvest index (63%), and 1000 kernel weight (440g) as compared to the other treatments. Therefore, the best planting arrangement, based on the finding of this research, is zigzag twin rows planting, i.e. planting density of 11.11 plant.m, because of higher grain yield and more effective weed control.

Genetic diversity of pod and seed characteristics in lentil germplasm of iran

Abstract: Saman, S. M., J. Mozafari., Sh. Vaezi., A. Abbasi Moghaddam and H. Mostafaie. 2012. Genetic diversity of pod and seed characteristics in lentil germplasm of Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(2):171-182. (In Persian). To assess genetic diversity of pod and seed characteristics in native lentil germplasm of Iran, 302 accessions from the lentil collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were evaluated. Lentil germplasm studied, were collected from 13 provinces in the country and characterized for variation in: number of pods plant, number of seeds pod, pod dehiscence, cotyledon color, color pattern on seed testa, pattern of testa, background color of testa, pod pigmentation and epicotyl color in 2008-2009 cropping cycle in Alarouq field station, Ardabil, Iran. The statistics calculated for analysis the variation included: mean standard deviation and coefficient of variation for quantitative traits, and mode and Shanoon-Weaver diversity index for qualitative traits. A high level of diversity was observed in Iranian lentil accessions examined in this experiment. The highest level of variance in qualitative traits was observed for pod pigmentation and cotyledon color. Pod dehiscence and number of pods plant showed the highest diversity among the quantitative traits. The cluster analysis using all nine characteristics grouped the lentil accessions in five distinct clusters. Number of pods plant appeared to be the major differentiating trait among the main clusters. The comparison among clusters for pod and seed characteristics revealed that lentil accessions in cluster 5 had the highest pod.plant and are of high potential for utilization in lentil breeding programs.

Designing and construction of specific plasmid constructs for targeted plastome transformation

Abstract: Mohsenpour, M., M. Tohidfar and N. A. Babaian-Jelodar. 2012. Designing and construction of specific plasmid constructs for targeted plastome transformation. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(3): 218-234. (In Persian). Integration of foreign genes into plastid genomes o ccur through homologous recombination between flank ing sequences of gene in plastid vectors. In this study , by analysis of plastid genomes using bioinformati cs databases, we succeed to select a region of plastom e as alien gene targeting sequence including the ap propriate length for homologous recombination and integration in plastome, specific plastid origin of replicatio n, targeting gene to inverted repeat region of plastid genome an d unique restriction enzymes recognition sites in t he center of flanking region sequences for alien gene integratio n. Since similarity (%) of the flanking region sequ nces would increase transformation efficiency of plastome dram atically, therefore, a pair of primers was designed to isolate the plastome flanking regions. These primers were10 0% similar to all plant plastomes, but the length a nd sequence of their amplified fragments were variable in different plant plastomes. Flanking region sequ ence from tobacco, cotton, corn, lettuce, tomato, carrot, and even the canola and lemon plastomes that still the ir plastome sequences are not available in Gene Bank were isola ted nd cloned. The accuracy of cloning, present an d direction of flanking regions fragment from differe nt plant plastomes were confirmed by enzymatic dige st on analysis using HindIII and BamHI. Then different types of chloroplastid vectors u ing different regulation elements were constructed. The regulation elements tha could be used for efficient expression of any lien genes in different plastids were including plastid consti tutive or inducing promoters and terminators, suita ble untraslated regions, Ribosome binding sites of plas tid, uitable restriction enzyme recognition sites for cloning and expression of desired gene in single or polycis tronic status, reporter genes, antibiotic or non-an tibiotic markers and sequences for removing of marker gene. These recombinant chloroplast plasmids including pF NGi and pFNG can be used as universal and specific vect ors for chloroplast transformation. Thus, in this s tudy we succeeded to design the high efficient and specific plastid vectors, not only for plants which their p lastomes were completely sequenced, but also for other plant spec ies that there is not any sequence of their plastom es availaable in databanks.

Genetic variation for winter survival and related characteristics in barley genotypes

Abstract: . Manly, B. F. J. 2004. Multivariate statistical methods: A primer (3th Ed). Chapman & Hall, CRC Press. Mirmohammadi Meybodi, S. A. M. and S. Tarkesh Esfahani. 2000. Physiological and breeding aspects of cold and freezing stresses in crop plants. Gholbon Publications, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian). Murelli, C., F. Rizza, F. M. Albini, A. Dulio, V. Terzi and L. Cattivelli. 1995. Metabolic changes associated with cold-acclimation in contrasting cultivars of barley. Physiol. Plantarum, 94: 87-93. Nezami, A., M. R. Soleimani, M. Ziaee, M. Ghodsi and M. Bannayan Aval. 2010. Evaluation of freezing tolerance of hexaploid triticale genotypes under controlled conditions. Not. Sci. Biol. 2: 114-120. Prasil, I. T., P. Prasilova and P. Marik. 2007. Comparative study of direct and indirect evaluations of frost tolerance in barley. Field Crops Res. 102: 1-8.

Effect of autumn and spring sown cover crops on weed control in sugar beet.

Abstract: Najafi, H. 2013. Effects of autumn and spring sown cover crops on weed control in sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(4): 370-382. (In Persian). Two separated field experiments were carried out in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Karaj Field Station, in 2008 and 2009 to assess cover crops affect on sugar beet weed suppression. In the first experiment, rye, wheat, barley and triticale were sown as cover crops in autumn. In the second experiment, cover crops (rye, wheat, barley and triticale for the first year and barley, wild radish, and berseem clover for the second year) were sown in spring and compared with three controls (including: weed free, weedy and chemical weed control). Experiments were arranged as randomized complete block design with four replications. Barley was recorded as the best treatment for weed suppression, in the first experiment in 2008 and 2009 with 22 and 78 g.m weed dry matter, respectively. Root yield of sugar beet (29.3 and 48.7 ton.ha, respectively) did not differ significantly from control (weed free) in 2008 and 2009. In 2008, planting of cover crops in spring had no satisfactory results and their effects on weed dry matter were similar. In the second year, barley was compared with wild radish and berseem clover, and results showed that barley was more suitable as cover crop, with 21.7 g.m weed dry matter, sugar beet yield, however, was similar in different cover crop treatments.

Characterization of eb genome chromosomes in f3 progenies of new potential secondary tritipyrum introgressed genotypes by genomic dna in situ hybridization technique

Abstract: Pour Feridouni, Z., H. Shahsavand Hassani, A. Baghi Zadeh. 2012. Characterization of E genome chromosomes in F3 progenies of new potential secondary Tritipyrum introgressed genotypes by genomic DNA in situ hybridization technique. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(4): 730-742. (In Persian). Primary Tritipyrum is a new synthetic allohexaploid amphiploid cereal which has been developed by crossing the durum wheat (Triticum durum, AABB, 2n=4x=28) and wild brackish grass (Thinopyrum bessarabicum, EE, 2n=2x=14). Although primary Tritipyrum lines are tolerant to salt stress but have few undesirable agronomic traits such as brittle rachis and late maturity. To overcome these problems, the new potential secondary introgressed Tritipyrum genotypes were developed from crossing the primary Tritipyrum (St/b) or combined primary Tritipyrum (Ka/b)(Cr/b) lines [AABBEE, 2n=6x=42] and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum:AABBDD, 2n=6x=42) cv. Omid and cv. Navid in which the various D chromosomes of bread wheat will probably be substituted with different E chromosomes of Tritipyrums. Identification of E chromosomes in chromosomal mitotic preparations of new potential secondary Tritipyrum genotypes including F3 progenies of (Omid × St/b) and [Navid × (Ka/b)(Cr/b)] by genomic DNA in situ hybridization (GISH) technique, using indirect labeling for genomic S DNA with Biotin-11dutp as probe, was carried out. Results showed that using S genomic DNA instead of genomic DNA of E genome as probe made less S cross hybridization with A, B, D chromosomes and high differentiation between E chromosomes with A, B and D genomes chromosomes. This indicated that in spite of high genetic similarity between E and S (Pseudoroegneria stipifolia, SS ,2n=2x=14) genomes, the St genomic probe is recomended for identification of E chromosome, because genetic similarity of S genome with A, B and D genomes is less than E genome with these three genomes of bread wheat. A range of 1-6 E chromosomes in mitotic chromosomal spreads of [Omid × St/b] and [Navid × (Ka/b)(Cr/b)] F3 progenies were detectable which indicated that producing new potential secondary Tritipyrum introgressed genotypes (NPSTIGs) with specific substituted E chromosomes with D chromosome was feasible. Therefore, GISH can be used as a powerful selection tool in chromosome engineering of intergeneric hybridization progenies of primary Tritipyrum lines and bread wheat cultivars combinations for selecting the favourable 42 chromosomal constitution genotypes of E, A, B and D as a new substituted or recombinant chromosome(s) lines.

Determination of vernalization requirement and cold tolerance in two bread wheat cultivars

Abstract: Sarhadi, E., S. Mahfoozi , E. Majidi Hervan and A. Amini. 2012. Determination of vernalization requirement and cold tolerance in two bread wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):29-43. (In Persian). This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vernalization requirement and phenological development with expression of low-temperature (LT) tolerance in two bread wheat cultivars acclimated under both controlled and field conditions in cold and temperate climates of Iran. Two bread wheat cultivars (MV17and Shahryar) with different vernalization response and phenological developments were planted under field conditions at Zanjan Agricultural Research Station in cold region and Karaj Agricultural Research Station, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in temperate zone of Iran in the autumns of 2009. LT tolerance, as measured by LT50, stage of phenological development, as estimated by final leaf number and shoot apex developmental morphology were determined during the autumn and winter seasons. Second set of experiments were conducted under controlled conditions. Norstar (winter wheat) and Azar2 (facultative wheat) cultivars were subjected to cold acclimating temperature (2°C) over a period of 0-89 days and LT tolerance and vernalization fulfillment were measured at various acclimation periods. Results of field experiments showed that winter habit ‘cv. MV17’ and facultative ‘cv. Shahryar reached their maximum LT tolerance at LT50= -19oC and LT50= -16oC, respectively, at the point of vernalization fulfillment in Zanjan. While, maximum LT50 of MV17 and Shahryar cultivars were -12 and -8oC in Karaj temperate region, respectively. The level and trends of LT tolerance were different for two cultivars in two different regions. Double ridge was formed very late in plants acclimated in Zanjan cold region. Delay in the vegetative to the reproductive transition in winter wheat cv. MV17 grown in cold region maintained plants for a longer time in the vegetative stage and caused increased level of LT (LT50= 19C). While plant development to advanced stage reduced the ability of cv. MV17 in Karaj temperate region to acclimate to LT with LT50 of about -16C. Similar results were observed for LT50 of cv. Shahryar (facultative wheat). with LT50 of about -16C in Zanjan as compared to LT50 of about -12C in Karaj supporting the regulatory role of developmental traits in the expression of LT. Results of experiments conducted under controlled conditions showed that cv. Norstar (winter wheat) had a longer vernalization requirement (between 35-42 days) than Azar2 (facultative wheat). Maximum level of LT was achieved about the same time as vernalization fulfillment occurred in both cultivars. It is concluded that both the acclimation conditions of regions and plant development had major influence on controlling of LT in bread wheat cultivars.

Effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer levels on physiological characteristics of two red kidney bean genotypes.

Abstract: Mohammadzadeh, A., N. Majnoon Hosseini, H. Moghadda m and M. Akbari. 2012. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer levels on physiological characteristics of two red kidney bean genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(3): 294-307. (In Persian). To study the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some physiological traits and grain yield of two red kidney bean genotypes, a field exp eriment as split factorial arranged in randomized c omplete blocks design with three replications was carried o ut at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, Uni versity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran in 2010. The main plots were th ree irrigation levels (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from open pan class A) and factorial co mbinations of N fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 1 00, and 150 kg N ha) and two red bean genotypes (Akhtar and D81083) we re assigned in sub-plots. Results showed that drought stress × genotype interaction was significa nt (p ≤0.01) on total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a, proline content and canopy temperature depression (CTD). Si milarly, the drought stress × nitrogen fertilizer i nteraction was significant ( p ≤0.01) on chlorophyll a, b and total, proline content an d CTD). Results indicated that drought stress reduced grain yield, LAI, leaf water content , chlorophyll a, b and total and carotenoids, but i ncreased CTD and proline content. However, nitrogen fertilizer a pplication increased all of the measured traits exc ept the canopy temperature. Akhtar red bean cultivar showed higher carotenoid, proline, leaf water content and canopy temperature whereas the D81083 genotype produced hi gher grain yield under the drought stress condition s. Generally, application of nitrogen fertilizer incre ased LAI, leaf water content, pigment content, prol ine content and grain yield of red kidney bean and led to reduc tion in canopy temperature in drought stress condit ions.

Relationship among agronomic characteristics and grain yield in hull-less barley genotypes under rainfed conditions of koohdasht

Abstract: Hosseinpour, T. 2012. Relationship among agronomic characteristics and gra in yield in hull-less barley genotypes under rainfed conditions of Koohdasht . Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(3): 263-279. (In Persian). To evaluate the relationship among different agrono mic characteristics and grain yield in hull-less ba rley genotypes under rainfed conditions of Koohdasht, Lo restan, Iran, this experiment was conducted in 2003 to 2005 cropping seasons. Twenty spring hull-less barley ge notypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Relationship between agronomic characteristics and grain yield were inv stigated. Results showed that spike weight had the highest co rrelation coefficient with the number of grain.spik e (r = 0.96**). Correlation coefficient between grain yiel d and biological yield was (r = 0.81**). To determ ine the most effective characters on grain yield, stepwise regression analysis was performed. Five traits incl uding; spike weight, number of grain.spike , peduncle length, plant height and number of days to heading, were the most effective traits on grain yield. The path analysis howed that spike weight (r = 0.89**) and plant hei g t (r= 0.82**) had highest positive and direct effects on grain yield in hull-less barley genotypes.

Estimation of some parameters associated with nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in spring bread wheat cultivars

Abstract: Arab Ameri, R., A. Soltani, I. Zeinali, B. Kamkar and F. Khavari. 2012. Estimation of some parameters associated with nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in spring bread wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):1-15. (In Persian). Quantitative information of nitrogen accumulation and remobilization under varying environmental and growing conditions are limited for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Golestan province of Iran. This information is used for quantifying nitrogen partitioning between leaves and stems during vegetative stage and the remobilization to the grains during reproductive stage. This experiment was carried out at research farm of the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran, in 2005-2006 using randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted with four spring bread wheat cultivars t (Kohdasht, Shiroudi, Tajan and Zagross) in three planting dates (14 Dec., 20 Jan. and 20 Feb.). Results revealed that N concentration (%) in leaves was 5% up to beginning of grain growth stage, and then declined linearly to 2% at physiological maturity. Stem N% decreased from 2.3% at anthesis to 1.7% in senesced stems at maturity. Results indicated that a positive relationship exists between nitrogen content of grain and whole plant, as each unit increase in the whole plant nitrogen (%) increased grain nitrogen content by 0.89%. This relationship can be used to estimate grain nitrogen content. Nitrogen partitioning in vegetative stage was 58% to stems and 42% to leaves. Those cultivars that had greater remobilization efficiency from stem reserves in reproductive stage, also had higher grain nitrogen content. A significant relationship was observed between nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen content of vegetative organs at maturity stage that can be used to predict nitrogen remobilization. It was found that nitrogen remobilization decreased by 25.4% per each unit increase in nitrogen content in vegetative organs. The parameter estimates and functions obtained in this study could be used to simulate N accumulation and remobilization for spring bread wheat cultivars.

Effect of short and long terms cold acclimation on biochemical characteristics of spring and winter wheat (triricum aestivum l.) cultivars

Abstract: Alisoltani,A., H. Alizadeh, S. Mahfoozi and F. Khayalparast. 2012. The effect of short and long terms cold acclimation on biochemical characteristics of spring and winter wheat (Triricum aestivum L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):108-120. (In Persian). To evaluate the effect of short and long term cold acclimation on biochemical characteristics of spring and winter wheat (Triricum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouses of the University of Tehran in 2009. The quantity of some antioxidant enzymes, reducing sugars, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents in two wheat winter (Norstar) and spring (Koohdasht) cultivars were measured and recorded, when seedling were acclimated at 3°C for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and two weeks. Results of LT50 showed that only Norstar winter cultivar was able to tolerate -12°C after two weeks of cold acclimation. In most cases the activities of enzymes were increased during the short term and then decreased after long term of cold acclimation. The increase of enzymes in the initial phases of cold acclimation represented that reactive oxygen species were rapidly detoxified during the short term cold acclimation. Since chlorophylls are the source of production of reactive oxygen species, the decrease in chlorophyll content in Norstar showed that this attribute, during cold acclimation, can be involved in freezing tolerance. In conclusion, results of this experiment indicated that both short-and long-term cold acclimation are important, however some metabolites are effective during the short term while others are effective during long

Effect of salinity on changes in protein profile in seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. roshan

Abstract: Maleki, M., M. R. Naghavi, H. Alizadeh, K. Poustini and C. Abd Mishani. 2012. Effect of salinity on changes of protein profile in seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Roshan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(4): 684-696. (In Persian). The effect of salinity on changes of protein profile in seedlings of wheat cv. Roshan was evaluated in a pot experiment in faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, in 2009. Seedlings of wheat cv. Roshan were exposed to 200 mM salinity for seventeen days. A proteomics technique was used to study proteins of leaf. Proteins of the leaves were extracted by TCA–acetone, and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at pH 4–7. Two hundred repeatable spots were identified and statistically analyzed. Twenty three spots were identified using MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Expressions of nineteen spots increased and expressions of four spots decreased. Some identified proteins such as glutamine synthetase, ascorbate peroxidase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and rubisco activase were up-regulated and other proteins like Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase were down-regulated. Identified proteins are involved in regulation of carbohydrate, nitrogen and energy metabolism and eliminating of ROS. In this study, we recognized some proteins involved in salt tolerance at seedling stage in the cv. Roshan.