Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights 

About: Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Temporomandibular joint. It has an ISSN identifier of 2393-8625. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 284 publications have been published receiving 528 citations.

Definition of pain and classification of pain disorders

Abstract: Pain of any origin comprises an individual’s life. The prevention and management of pain is an important aspect of health care. Psychological factors play a key role in both onset and progress of any pain disorder. In pain disorders, pain is perceived in different anatomic locations such as lower back, head region, abdomen, and chest. Abnormal signal transmission and processing in the nervous system are the legitimate explanation for this condition. Although evidence suggests that pain disorder is widely prevalent in the general population, research still fails to address numerous aspects of pain diagnosis and management. Diagnostic criteria for pain differ in various Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) such as DSM-III, DSM-III revised, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-textual revisions; hence, a more comprehensive classification is the need of the hour. The ability to understand and investigate the pathophysiologic process underlying a disorder depends on a valid, reliable classification system and common terminology to make effective communication among the academicians, clinicians, researchers, and patients. After the classification criteria are achieved, the validity and reliability of the criteria must be analyzed. Once the criteria have proven valid and reliable, research effort can be directed toward gaining better insight into prevalence, etiology, and natural course of a given disorder, eventually leading to more effective treatment. In this review, various definitions of pain along with few diagnostic classification systems for various pain disorders have been presented.

Provisional restorations: An overview of materials used

Abstract: Provisional restorations are an important phase in the treatment procedure for fixed provisional restoration. Without a temporary the final treatment aspect cannot be judged as we can predict the design failures beforehand as the temporary restoration replicates the final restoration. A temporary also helps the patient as he does not need to compromise esthetically till he receives the final restoration. Here, various techniques and materials available for a fabricating a provisional restoration are explained.

Assessment of maturity in orthodontics: A review

Abstract: Precise evaluation of maturational stage should be an integral part of both diagnosis and treatment. Different authors had reported different methods in an attempt to determine the best indicator of maturity. These include body height, body weight; sexual maturation; frontal sinus, chronological age, biological age or physiological age; hand-wrist maturity cervical vertebrae; dental eruption; dental calcification stages and biomarkers. Ever the method has its own advantages, disadvantages and over the other method. However, still researches are being done to explore best method to assess the maturity of an individual. This article reviews the methods of assessment of skeletal maturation.

Surface modifications of titanium implants – The new, the old, and the never heard of options

Abstract: Successful implant osseointegration requires an ideal biochemical environment for safe integration into the jaw bone. To achieve better osseointegration, implant surface plays a vital role for the cellular level molecular interaction. Hence, various surface treatment options have been adopted as the latest course of action for the titanium (Ti) implants. This review throws a light on various methodologies of surface treatments and their pursuance on Ti implants, also the different responses observed by various surface designs and coatings.

Evaluation of condylar morphology using panoramic radiography

Abstract: Background: Orthopantomograph (OPG) is a routine imaging modality utilized by most dental surgeons for obtaining general information about the teeth, mandible, and adjacent regions of the jaw. It also yields a favorable cost-benefit relationship and exposes patients to relatively low doses of radiation. Human mandibular condyle may be categorized into five basic types: Flattened, convex, angled, rounded, and concave. Morphologic changes of condyle occur due to developmental variations, remodeling, various diseases, trauma, endocrine disturbances, and radiation therapy. Among various imaging modalities used for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) imaging panoramic radiographs still remain the main screening modality for TMJ abnormalities. Aims and Objectives: This study, aims at observing and recording the variation in the shapes of condyle on an OPG and thereby evaluates whether dentate or non-dentate oral cavity shows any peculiarities in Indian population and whether it could have a deterministic value in forensic science. Materials and Methods: This study comprised radiographic evaluation of 400 condylar heads after visualizing 200 digitalised OPGs taken for routine investigation. The radiographs were evaluated by two oral radiologists for the formulation of operational definitions. Condylar morphology of four types was identified according to a particular classification. Trends occurring in the shapes were evaluated, and combinations of the condylar shapes present in population were identified. Results: The present study is an attempt to scout the prevalent radiographic shapes of the condylar head on the OPG. Of the 200 pairs of condylar heads evaluated, 60% were oval in shape, followed by bird beak (29%), diamond (9%) and least being crooked finger (2%). This raised a curiosity whether the TMJ followed any typical feature of symmetry. Oval-oval was commonly occurring combination (67%), whereas crooked/ crooked finger was a rarity. Conclusion: Low exposure dose and ease of prescription makes OPG a common choice of imaging prescription. Evaluation of condyle on OPG seems to attract clinicians to make fine observations. Oval-oval being most common in both genders. More sample size and evaluation of other parameters may aid in giving more information about the population and thereby generating interest in forensics.