Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences 

About: Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Lymnaea acuminata & Granulite. It has an ISSN identifier of 2084-3577. Over the lifetime, 104 publications have been published receiving 850 citations.

Physiological and biochemical responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat and bean cultivars to salinity

Abstract: Salinity stress caused a marked reduction in dry matter gain in roots and shoots, and transpiration rate of all the test wheat and bean cultivars. Although the accumulation of malondialdehyde was stimulated in roots of sensitive cultivars at second phase of NaCl stress (160 mM), there were no appreciable differences in the production of it in roots of tolerant cultivars of wheat and bean plants. The electrical conductivity of the selected wheat and bean cultivars was stimulated by salt stress. All fractions of photosynthetic pigments in the test plants decreased gradually with the rise of salt level (80-160 mM NaCl). A notable sensitivity in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and proteins in different organs of the selected wheat and bean cultivars was displayed in the presence of salinity. The presence of NaCl did not affect the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in leaves of the selected wheat and bean cultivars, except in salt-tolerant bean cultivar (cv. Sakha1) salinity stress exhibited an inhibitory effect. NaCl stress failed to induce appreciable variations in the production of free phenolic compounds in leaves of the wheat and bean cultivars, except in case of cv. Sakha1. Salinity stress caused an inhibitory effect on the production of bound phenolic compounds in wheat and bean cultivars.

Microbiology of dental caries

Abstract: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of people worldwide. The disease process may involve enamel, dentin and cement, causing decalcification of these tissues and disintegration of the organic substances. It is believed that bacteria of the species Streptococcus mutans is the main factor that initiates caries, and the bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are important in further caries development, especially in the dentin. Caries can also be caused by other bacteria, including members of the mitis, anginosus and salivarius groups of streptococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, A. viscosus, Rothia dentocariosa, Propionibacterium, Prevotella, Veillonella, Bifidobacterium and Scardovia.

Seasonal variation of heavy metals accumulation in muscles of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus and in River Nile water and sediments at Assiut Governorate, Egypt

Abstract: Water pollution is one of the most principal environmental and public health problems in river Nile. Heavy metals concentrations; iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) were determined in water, sediment, and fish muscles of Clarias gariepinus collected from six areas at Assiut Governorate on river Nile using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results revealed that Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations were the highest in water and muscles, followed by Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni and Hg in areas under investigation. Also, summer was the highest accumulation season and winter was the lowest one. In sediments, the order of accumulation was Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Cr>Hg. In general, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for Cr was the lowest while, the highest was recorded for Ni and Hg followed by Cu in both relation fish/sediment and fish/water. In conclusion, the present study found that the accumulation and bioaccumulation factor of heavy metals especially Zn, Fe and Cu were higher in summer season due to increase of temperature, accordingly the authors advice to decrease fish consuming in summer to avoid the accumulation of heavy metals.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by Streptomyces atrovirens isolated from rhizospheric soil in Egypt

Abstract: A total of 210 locally actinomycetes isolates were screened for their potential to produce IAA and 138 (65.7%) isolates were able to utilize tryptophane and produce the IAA. The 12 isolates with high IAA production were secondary screened to select the most highest producer. It is worth mentioning that the most highest IAA producing isolate (22 µg/ml of IAA) was Streptomyces sp. ASU14 recovered from rhizospheric soil sample after wheat cultivation in New valley governorate in Egypt. TLC and HPLC analysis confirmed the IAA production in the cell filtrates of the strain. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of the Streptomyces sp. ASU14 isolate had 16S rRNA gene with 99% nucleotides identity to that of Streptomyces atrovirens NRRLB16357 available in Genbank database. The nucleotide sequences of the isolate Streptomyces atrovirens ASU14 was deposited in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database under accession number KC145267. IAA production by Streptomyces atrovirens ASU14 was optimized by studying some factors and the results revealed that the maximum IAA value was obtained when the isolate cultivated in tryptone yeast extract broth medium supplemented by tryptophane 5 mg/ml, adjusted at pH 6 and incubated at 30°C for 13 days. These results suggest that IAA-producing Streptomyces atrovirens ASU14 could be a promising candidate for utilization in growth improvement of plants of economic and agricultural value.

A review on the pharmacological aspects of Carum carvi

Abstract: Carum carvi, is one of the earliest cultivated herbs in Asia, Europe and Africa. The seeds of Carum carvi (caraway) are considered as antispasmodic, carminative, astringent and used in the treatment of stomatich stimulant, diarrhea, dyspepsia, hysteria, flatulent indigestion, colic, dyspeptic headache and improve liver function. In ancient Indian ayurvedic literature use of C. carvi seeds is well documented scientist working in different parts of the world has now experimentally proved the validity of ancient therapeutic uses of C. carvi seeds. Major phytochemicals reported in C. carvi seeds are limonene, carvacrol, carvone, carvenone, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, linalool, and p-cymene. The present review highlights the current status of researches on the pharmacology of C. carvi seeds. This will strengthen our traditional system of ayurvedic treatments by C. carvi seeds.