Showing papers in "Journal of Instructional Development in 1977"
TL;DR: Concept elaboration theory has been suggested as a more adequate design tool for structuring, sequencing and determining presentation strategies for such complex subject matter.
Abstract: This presentation has been necessarily brief. Adequate instruction in the use of elaboration theory as in preparing a learning hierarchy requires considerable practice and can hardly be adequately taught in a short paper. Nevertheless, we have suggested that as used in instructional development for sequencing subject matter content learning hierarchies are a useful step in analysis of component skills but may not provide sufficient synthesis for sequencing instruction in complex interrelated procedures and principles. Concept elaboration theory has been suggested as a more adequate design tool for structuring, sequencing and determining presentation strategies for such complex subject matter. The premise of elaboration theory is that the underlying principle should be taught first accompanied by the simplest complete procedure. This initial presentation of theepitome should then be elaborated with an alternating sequence of segregated and integrated presentations which enable the student to learn the component concepts and to put them together in integrated practice. Each cycle of elaboration introduces more complexity until the student has acquired the terminal procedure.
17 citations
TL;DR: There are two possible overarching referents for needs assessment: one which looks at needs from the point of view outside of the organization doing the study, and another that looks at need from within that organization as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: There are two possible overarching referents for needs assessment: one which looks at needs from the point of view outside of the organization doing the study, and one which looks at needs from within that organization. The external view is here called, unsurprisingly, “external needs assessment” and the other is termed “internal needs assessment”. Most current activities in needs assessment are of the internal variety. The external needs assessment is suggested as a rational and logical starting place for organizational effort (including learning design) in that it studies and identifies the skills, knowledges and attitudes which are important outside of the school (or organization) and uses that information as the basis for educational design and effort. The internal needs assessment goes from that point forward to identify internally useful and worthy goals, objectives, methods and means to meet those required and desired outcomes. Most current effort in needs assessment is of the internal variety, and it is strongly urged that this referent be augmented with the external needs assessment data and information.
14 citations
14 citations
TL;DR: The Summary, typically used only after the last of a series of segments in a lesson, recaps the important points covered in the lesson.
Abstract: The Summary, typically used only after the last of a series of segments in a lesson, recaps the important points covered in the lesson. Summaries may just be short prose descriptions of the content or they may be longer and include a restatement of the generalities and other information.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a presentation given at the Convention of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology, Miami, April 25-29, 1977, was used as a basis for a research report that was supported by Office of Naval Research Contract No. N00014-75-C-0882.
Abstract: This paper is based on a presentation given at the Convention of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology, Miami, April 25-29, 1977. The research reported herein was supported by Office of Naval Research Contract No. N00014-75-C-0882. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Office of Naval Research, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, or the United States Government.
9 citations
TL;DR: The following case study has been severely edited due to space constraints to maintain the flavor of the case study, to ensure the results are presented and to mention the statistical procedures used.
Abstract: The following case study has been severely edited due to space constraints. An effort was made to maintain the flavor of the case study, to ensure the results are presented and to mention the statistical procedures used. A complete report of the project is available from the authors. JBJ
5 citations
TL;DR: The external needs assessment is suggested as a rational and logical starting place for organizational effort (including learning design) in that it studies and identifies the skills, knowledges and attitudes which are important outside of the school and uses that information as the basis for educational design and effort.
Abstract: The external needs assessment is suggested as a rational and logical starting place for organizational effort (including learning design) in that it studies and identifies the skills, knowledges and attitudes which are important outside of the school (or organization) and uses that information as the basis for educational design and effort. The internal needs assessment goes from that point forward to identify internally useful and worthy goals, objectives, methods and means to meet those required and desired outcomes. Most current effort in needs as-
4 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: It was originally intended to put out a plea for case studies concerning instructional development activities at all levels of education at this point of the first Journal issue as discussed by the authors, and Gustafson has presented this plea in more stirring terms than we could possibly achieve.
Abstract: It was originally intended to put out a plea for case studies concerning instructional development activities at all levels of education at this point of the first Journal issue. By coincidence Kent Gustafson has presented this plea in much more stirring terms than we could possibly achieve. Notice that Kent is calling for Developers to publicize successful I.D. efforts — what better means than through your own Journal? Kent, say it for us…
2 citations
2 citations
TL;DR: The field of educational technology with its multi-disciplinary expertise and its emphasis on systematic problem solving could play a major, beneficial role in the improvement of Bolivian rural education as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The educational needs of Bolivia are great, as are the untapped human resources. The field of educational technology with its multi-disciplinary expertise and its emphasis on systematic problem solving could play a major, beneficial role in the improvement of Bolivian rural education.