Showing papers in "Journal of International Business Studies in 1973"
TL;DR: The authors found that European subsidiaries surveyed in this study exhibit a strong tendency to adapt products and promotion strategies to U.S. markets, while most products are adapted in some manner, changes and their costs are relatively minor.
Abstract: European subsidiaries surveyed in this study exhibit a strong tendency to adapt products and promotion strategies to U.S. markets. While most products are adapted in some manner, changes and their costs are relatively minor.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, advertising, consulting, and law firms are rapidly becoming as entrenched in the global market arena as their predecessors, the manufacturing and extractive industries, according to a study.
Abstract: Indications are that advertising, consulting, and law firms are rapidly becoming as entrenched in the global market arena as their predecessors, the manufacturing and extractive industries.
31 citations
TL;DR: The foreign MBAs comprise an almost untapped recruitment source of international personnel as discussed by the authors and only a few of the foreign MBA receive employment offers although many of them are willing to be employed in the U.S. international firms.
Abstract: The foreign MBAs comprise an almost untapped recruitment source of international personnel. Only a few of the foreign MBAs receive employment offers although many of them are willing to be employed in the U.S. international firms.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of the firm that must choose from a set of feasible borrowing sources that includes foreign as well as domestic sources was considered, and a simple decision rule was shown to be sufficient for choosing an international borrowing source, and this rule was compared with a rule from the literature.
Abstract: The problem considered is that of the firm that must choose from a set of feasible borrowing sources that includes foreign as well as domestic sources. Expressions are developed for the effective cost of borrowing under conditions of inflation and devaluation and under the condition of either local or foreign ownership of the firm. One simple decision rule is shown to be sufficient for choosing an international borrowing source, and this rule is compared with a rule from the literature.
18 citations
TL;DR: A survey of academic experts on international business reveals a variety of approaches to internationalizing the core curriculum of all business students as mentioned in this paper, and micro and macro international topics are considered worthy of inclusion in the common body of knowledge of all students.
Abstract: A survey of academic experts on international business reveals a variety of approaches to internationalizing the core curriculum of all business students. Micro as well as macro international topics are considered worthy of inclusion in the common body of knowledge of all business students. Although few schools now require some minimum education in international business of all graduates, such requirements may be more widespread in the future.
10 citations
TL;DR: Personalismo is a behavioral norm which is generally accepted as an important Latin American Cultural trait as discussed by the authors and has been discussed as having a primary influence on the political and business systems of this area.
Abstract: Personalismo is a behavioral norm which is generally accepted as an important Latin American Cultural trait.1 It has been discussed as having a primary influence on the political and business systems of this area. Its influence on a business system and trade credit is the concern of this article.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors place emphasis upon the interaction of the internal and external environment of the firm with the use, choice, personalities and contributions of executives operating in different environments and settings.
Abstract: This study places emphasis upon the interaction of the internal and external environment of the firm with the use, choice, personalities and contributions of executives operating in different environments and settings. The author concludes that the change in managerial style results in a shift in emphasis from employee orientation to task orientation, and from a participative approach to a more authoritarian approach.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze how three variables unique to the international planning process, greater uncertainty, socio-political and cultural conditions, and market conditions, act as constraints in shaping the long-range models of multinational enterprises.
Abstract: Planning is the intermediate step between forecasting and tactical day-to-day decision making. The planning process develops long range strategies by which an enterprise mobilizes its human and physical resources to maximize its operational efficiencies and performance within the frame work of the forecasts. The authors analyze how three variables unique to the international planning process, greater uncertainty, socio-political and cultural conditions, and market conditions, act as constraints in shaping the long-range models of multinational enterprises.
5 citations
TL;DR: The AIB Presidential Address given at the annual meeting in Toronto, December, 1972 as discussed by the authors highlights some developments affecting education for international business and considers some possible responses to them, and presents some possible solutions to them.
Abstract: This article represents the AIB Presidential Address given at the annual meeting in Toronto, December, 1972. It notes certain developments affecting education for international business and considers some possible responses to them.
4 citations
TL;DR: Although there is some literature on the general phenomenon of corruption, one is hard pressed to find any references, much less elaborations of it, in articles, books and programs in the area of international business administration as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Although there is some literature on the general phenomenon of corruption, one is hard pressed to find any references—much less elaborations of it—in articles, books and programs in the area of international business administration. This paucity of treatment is difficult to comprehend. On the one hand, we are in an age when the public is increasingly emphasizing the need for corporations to exercise social responsibility. On the other, we have assertions by individuals that multinational enterprises are among the foremost practitioners of corruption, particularly in the less-developed nations where they operate. In view of these parallel developments, it would appear that there would be much more research and, thereafter, discussion of multinational corruption in the programs and literature of international business than presently exists. Some possible reasons for the lack of treatment given to this area may be (1) the difficulties in defining the phenomenon; (2) the delicacy of the research which characterizes the area; (3) the problems of obtaining data; and (4) the lack of agreement on the political, social, and economic effects of corruption.© 1973 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1973) 4, 93–96
4 citations
TL;DR: The authors presented a cyclical model to conceptualize the impact that a single manufactured commodity has on the lending country's balance of payments as the product traverses the course of its life cycle.
Abstract: The author presents a cyclical model to conceptualize the impact that a single manufactured commodity has on the lending country's balance of payments as the product traverses the course of its life-cycle. The model depicts the relationship that exist among the different international accounts at different stages of the product cycle. Some macro-economic implications of this micro-economic model are then explored.
TL;DR: The fourth dimension of international business education takes place through graduate seminars composed of class-teams assigned the responsibility of studying an aspect of real management in depth with their results being considered and/or used by the firm that provided the problem for study.
Abstract: Education for international business management must be as dynamic as the management decision making process. The traditional three approaches all suffer from serious weaknesses. Most important, learning is separated from real decision making under constantly, and rapidly, changing environmental influences. The “Fourth Dimension” of international business education takes place through graduate seminars composed of class-teams assigned the responsibility of studying an aspect of real management in depth with their results being considered and/or used by the firm that provided the problem for study.
TL;DR: The second part of the title does not indicate that there will ever be a precise, acceptable set of terms that will be mandated by an association or group as mentioned in this paper, but a progression of terms is set forth, however, that may lead to a somewhat more orderly approach to the problems of the business that moves from strictly domestic activities to a broadened range of business abroad.
Abstract: Even the title of this paper poses a question to those studying business conducted in more than one country because definitions of "international" vary from textbook to textbook, from article to article, from book of readings to book of readings. Besides only a rather vague agreement on the adjective, there is also a vagueness as to the noun. Should it be "business," "commerce," "trade," or "marketing"? The second part of the title does not indicate that there will ever be a precise, acceptable set of terms that will be mandated by an association or group. A progression of terms is set forth, however, that may lead to a somewhat more orderly approach to the problems of the business that moves from strictly domestic activities to the broadened range of business abroad.
TL;DR: In terms of employment with an international company and entering into the area of international operations of the employer, a survey based on questionnaires suggests that the international business program is more suitable for graduates than undergraduates and for a combined major than a major as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In terms of employment with an international company and entering into the area of international operations of the employer, a survey based on questionnaires suggests that the international business program is more suitable for graduates than undergraduates and for a combined major than a major.