Showing papers in "Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health in 2010"

The association of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Korean adult population

Abstract: Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Korean adult population. Methods. We analyzed a total of 2,808 subjects aged 18 years or older who participated in a Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007. Periodontal health was measured using Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Periodontitis was defined as CPI score was three or four. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was the diagnosis when participants were positive for three or more of five components of MS. The association between periodontitis and MS was analyzed using a χ -test and logistic regression analysis (using SPSS 17.0). Results. The prevalence of periodontitis was higher among people who were male, older, and current or ex-smokers. People having periodontitis were likely to have lower household incomes, and do more frequent toothbrushing and drinking. Persons having MS had significantly higher odds of having periodontitis than normal people; the odds ratio was 1.23 after adjusting for age, gender, education, intake of alcohol, smoking, toothbrushing, oral hygiene goods, eating between meals, exercise and household income (95% CI: 1.02∼1.47). Conclusions. Korean adults with MS had a higher risk of periodontitis. Further studies are required to investigate a casual relationship between MS and periodontitis.

Dentists’ Opinions for Dental Hygienists’ roles in Korea

Abstract: Objectives. Although, dental hygienist is an auxiliary workforce for expert and professional on dental education and preventive dental cares, they have been performed mainly in chair-side dental assisting in Korea. The aim of this study was to know the dentist’s opinions for dental hygienists roles. Methods. 2,500 sheets of questions were distributed to dentists selected in randomized by the post-mail and 555 sheets proper replied were collected and analysed. Results. Most of the private dentists hoped dental hygienists perform such items of dental service as basic dental care preparation, consulting and guides for patients, preventive dental cares, intra or extra-oral x-ray taking and routine chair-side dental assisting. Lots of the private dentists desired dental hygienists to receive the expert and professional educations or re-educations for preventive dental cares and dental educations in order th perform their roles special and professional tasks. Lots of the private dentists had opinions for dental hygienists not to manage such items of service which seemed difficult or be possible for recurrence of the dental disease or infection, otherwise, general services for dental assisting except the items written in above, were recommended to be managed by both in dental hygienists and dental assistant nurses. Conclusions. The expert and professional dental hygienists education should be needed in order to perform the dental service properly and professional, and let dental hygienists to change their roles form dental assisting to the dental education or the preventive dentistry works.

Development of a new color scale for a caries activity test

Abstract: Objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a new caries activity test based on colorimetric changes that could better reflect the amount of acid produced by oral bacteria as a broad spectrum of color than the previous test. The optimal candidates were combinations of pH indicators, and these were evaluated in pH buffering solutions and using dental plaque. Methods. Six pH indicators, Bromocresol-purple (BCP), Bromocresol-green (BCG), Methyl-red (MR), Methyl-orange (MO), Resazurin (R), and Naphthyl-red (NR), were selected to show different colors at various pH environments (range pH 3.0∼7.0). BCP and BCG are pH indicators that are already used in the Cariostat Ⓡ , and they can show color changes from blue to yellow. This study tried to broaden the color change spectrum from blue to red to give a more distinct differentiation at various pHs. Four pH indicators (MR, MO, R and NR) were blended with BCP and BCG. Each combination of the three indicators was assessed in different pH buffer systems: pH 7.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0. The selected combinations of pH indicators were applied to human dental plaque from 11 subjects (mean age: 27) to confirm the reproducibility of the in vitro results. Results. According to the in vitro buffer system, the mixture of BCP, BCG and MR did not show any differences between pH 4.0 and pH 3.0. On the other hand, the mixtures of BCP-BCG-MO (ratio 2：1：1.5), BCP-BCG-R (1.5：1：0.5) and BCP-BCG-NR (2：1：1.5) showed distinguishable color changes from pH 7.0 to pH 3.0. Among the three candidates, the BCP-BCG-NR mixture showed the best color differences in the buffer solution and the human dental plaque cultivated solutions at various pHs. Conclusions. This study evaluated a new colorimetric caries activity test that used a combination of several pH indicators. The new system can easily detect various pH environments from organic acid fermentation by using a wider range of colors (blue – dark green – green – orange – red).

The association between self-reported oral health problems and oral health-related quality of life

Abstract: Objectives. The arm of this study was to investigate the correlations between self-reported oral health problems and oral healthrelated quality of life using OHIP-14S. Methods. For the study, adult residents over 35 age living in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi area have been surveyed from 17th Aug., 2009 to 4th Sep., 2009. Oral health-related quality of life was measured using the OHIP-14S. The relationship between self-reported oral health problems and the oral health-related quality of life was evaluated by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results. The study shows that the OHIP-14 scores are found the lowest at people in over 60 years (p<0.01). Self-reported symptoms of mandibular dysfunction are found to higher in middle school graduates comparing with highschool or above graduates (p<0.05). Also symptoms of dry mouth are more reported among people over 60 years and elementary school graduates (p<0.05). People get more self-reported symptoms of periodontitis, dental caries, mandibular dysfunction, and dry mouth they likely get higher score of functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap on the OHIP-14 7-demensions (p<0.05). People who were older and had more self-reported symptoms of periodontitis, mandibular dysfunction, dry mouth and need for oral health treatment are found to higher OHIP-14 scores (p<0.05). Especially, the strongest correlations were found between oral health-related quality of life and self-reported symptoms of periodontitis (p <0.001). Conclusions. The results demonstrated periodontitis, mandibular dysfunction, and dry mouth are clearly cause negative impact on public's life quality. Therefore, to improve people's life quality some measures to prevent factors lowering oral functions and abilities, uncomfortable, and pains should be taken in advance. Further, government is required to widely drive oral-disease preventive programs and dental professionals will make efforts to revitalizing regular oral health check programs and developments and applications of useful oral health education programs.

The characteristics of high caries risk group for 12-year old children in Korea

Abstract: 투고일자: 2010. 4. 28, 심사일자: 2010. 5. 6, 게재확정일자: 2010. 6. 11 책임저자: 김백일, 연세대학교 치과대학 예방치과학교실, (120-752) 서울시 서대문구 성산로 250 Tel: 02-2228-3070, Fax: 02-392-2926, E-mail: drkbi@yuhs.ac *본 연구는 2009년도 정부(교육과학기술부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업임(R13-2003-013-03001-0). The characteristics of high caries risk group for 12-year old children in Korea Ah-Hyeon Kim, Sun-Young Han, Hyung-Gyoo Kim, Ho-Keun Kwon, Baek-Il Kim Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Generation, Oral Health Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Business & Public Administration, Anyang University

Aspects of oral health behaviors, snack intake, and the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index scores among children in community children's centers

Abstract: Aspects of oral health behaviors, snack intake, and the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index scores among children in community children's centers Eun-Jung Kim, Bo-Ram Kang, Ran-Hee Kim, Jung-Ok Moon, Se-Ra Son, Gyeong-Soon Han Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korean Dental Hygienists Association, Seoul Dental Hospital for the Disobled, AppleTree Dental Clinic, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University of Medicine and Science

Effect of regular oral exercise on oral function in elderly patients with long-term care

Abstract: Objectives. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for development of oral exercise for the elderly under the long-term care insurance system in Korea from December 2007 to June 2008. Methods. Fifty three patients of a nursing facility in Ch'onan were selected to be the intervention group, and fifty two patients of a nursing facility in Geochang, Gyeongsangbuk-do were recruited to be the control group. Both groups were provided with the oral exams and oral function exams, only that the intervention group performed the oral exercise five times per week for three months. Results. After the experiment, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed. First, the repetitive swallowing test showed a different result between the two groups by 2.2 in the intervention group after the program while it declined by 0.1 in the control group (p<0.01). The number of phonation showed a contrast between the two groups: an increase by 4.4 for the intervention group and a decrease by 0.2 for the control group, with adjusted baseline status (p<0.01). Salivation was also influenced: an increase by 6.4mm from the intervention group and an increase by 0.4mm from the control group were shown (p<0.01). The maximum opening showed an increase by 0.4cm and a decrease by 0.3cm for the intervention group and the control group, respectively, with adjusted baseline status (p<0.01). Lastly, the right cheek ballooning function test showed a decline in capacity by 7.7% in the control group and an improvement by 22.6% in the intervention group (p<0.05). Conclusions. These results supported that the three-month oral exercise improves oral function amongst the elderly.

Attitude and planning for retirement by Korean dentist

Abstract: Attitude and planning for retirement by Korean dentist Keun-Bae Song, Seong-Hwa Jeong, Sun-Young Chung, Yong-Duk Park, Ho-Keun Kwon, Youn-Hee Choi Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Faculty of Health Science, Daegu Haany University, Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Yeonsei University

Influence on enamel surface by the various tooth storage methods

Abstract: Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of storage methods on the enamel specimen. Methods. Each enamel specimen (3 mm in diameter) from bovine anterior teeth was stored in 5 mL of 6 kinds of media which were saline, distilled water, thymol solution (0.1%), Hank's balanced salts solution (HBSS), ethanol (70%) and frozen at −20oC for 25 and 125 days. In order to evaluate effects of each storage method, surface micro hardness (VHN) of enamel surface was measured before and after storage of specimens. Also, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and polarized light microscope (PLM) were used to observe the sagittal section of the enamel specimen. Results. After storage for 25 days in the saline, distilled water, 0.1% thymol solution and HBSS media, the micro hardness of the enamel surface have decreased significantly (p<0.01). In contrast, storing teeth in 70% ethanol and freezing at −20oC did not have significant difference in the micro hardness before and after storage. After storage for 125 days, only freezing at −20oC showed no storage effect to the enamel surface. Conclusions. It was concluded that 70% ethanol and freezing at −20oC with no surface contact of water could be proper methods for storage of teeth in micro hardness study. So, we recommend that extracted teeth and tooth specimens should be shortly stored in the 70% ethanol for disinfection process, and then be stored with freezing temperature of −20oC with no surface contact of water.

The Effect of Different Denture Cleansing Agents on the Abrasion Test of Denture Base Material and Survival Rate of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

Abstract: Objectives. Proper cleansing of dentures is important for oral mucosal health in the elderly. We evaluated denture cleansers using in vitro antimicrobial tests with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, as well as a denture base abrasion test. Methods. 1) We administered a questionnaire about denture cleansers to 632 elderly people in Daejeon. 2) The dentifrices, kitchen detergents were selected as artificial denture cleansers, and baking soda and vinegar as natural denture cleansers. Antimicrobial tests were performed by spectrophotometry using a McFarland nephelometer and total plate counts after incubation with each material. 3) Denture base resin discs (13×1 mm) were prepared for abrasion tests using a V8 Crossbrushing machine. Results. 1) Most elderly people used the dentifrices as denture cleansers was 65.8%. 2) After Vinegar treatment was less than 10% effective in bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal tests of S. mutans and antifungal effects of C. albicans. The antimicrobial effect of baking soda and dentifrices depended on the dilution ratio. Kitchen detergents showed an inverse relationship between dilution ratio and antimicrobial effect. 3) The dentifrices caused the most abrasion, but the effect was not significant. Conclusions. Vinegar and baking soda could be useful denture cleansers, but must be tested on other denture materials.

A comparative study on dental caries activity before and after placing brackets for orthodontic patients

Abstract: Objectives. This study aimed to use Dentocult test to measure and compare salivary buffer, Mutans streptococci, and Lactobacilli, respectively, before and after placing brackets for orthodontic patients in order to examine differences in caries activity, analyze changes in oral environment after placing orthodontic appliance for patients and caregivers, and make oral hygiene education effective. Methods. Dental caries activity test was conducted with 33 fixed orthodontic patients having no general disease or decayed tooth, or completing caries treatment at the orthodontics department for dentist's before placing brackets and three months after the placement from February 2009 through February 2010. For the dental caries activity test, salivary buffer, Mutans streptococci, and Lactobacilli were tested less than two hours after brushing, consequently obtaining the following results. Results. 1. Salivary buffer was slightly higher at about 0.06±0.54 after placing orthodontic brackets for patients, showing no statistically significant difference. In terms of general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences by age and types of brackets (p<0.05). 2. Mutans streptococci was slightly higher at 0.42±0.93 after placing orthodontic appliance for patients, showing statistically significant differences (p<0.05). It was also slightly higher after the placement by gender, age, and types of malocclusion, showing no statistically significant difference. 3. Lactobacilli was slightly higher at 0.36±1.17 after placing orthodontic appliance for patients, showing no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). It was also slightly higher after the placement by gender, malocclusion, and types of brackets, showing no statistically significant difference. Conclusions. Placing orthodontic appliance made no significant differences in salivary buffer but caused a statistically significant increase in Mutans streptococci. But it made no significant differences in Lactobacilli. Therefore, patients with orthodontic teeth need to get regular brushing training or preventive treatment by using oral health goods and applying fluoride because Mutans streptococci can increase orally, and regular oral health education is especially necessary for orthodontic patients and caregivers to be careful in oral hygiene for themselves because most of the patients are in adolescence.