Showing papers in "Journal of Naijing University in 2000"

Nd-Sr ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF GRANITIC ROCKS OF THE MESOZOIC METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX IN THE WUGONGSHAN AREA, JIANGXI PROVINCE

Abstract: This paper studies the seven groups of Nd-Sr isotopic compositions from granitic bodies of the Mesozoic metamorphic core complex in the Wugongshan area, Jiangxi Province. Results suggest that the 2 groups of I Sr value exist in the bodies, that is, Caledonian granitic diorite in Shanzhuang has the I Sr =0.706?61 and Mesozoic granitic rocks have the I Sr =0.709?81-0.716?96, average value 0.713?81. Seven samples display lower e Nd values, from -13.7 to -10.5, average value is -12.0. The Nd model age of these bodies is older, from 1?825?Ma to 2?128?Ma. On the e Nd -T diagram, all e Nd data drop in the Sm-Nd evolutionary field of the Middle Proterozoic meta sedimentary rocks in the central Jiangxi and are far away from the mentle evolutionary line of chrondrite. The granitoids in the Wugongshan are characterized by higher K 2O and Al 2O 3 contents and the marked mineral of sillimanite. We conclude that granitoids in the Wugongshan metamorphic core complex were formed by a partial melting of crustal rocks similar to the Proterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks in the Central Jiangxi.

A synthetical review on research advances on the terrane tectonics in china

Abstract: Terrane tectonics is the latest advance and important complementarity of global plate tectonical theory. Since the early 1980's, Chinese geologists introduced the theory of terrane to China and used it in the geological practice of China. Up to now, many results of researches have been obtained,including mainly (1) the terrane framework of China, (2) the research advances on theory of terrane: the new definition of accretionary terrane, the distinguishing among plate, microplate, terrane, flake and nappe, the re construction of ancient plate settings and the study of Precambrian terrane tectonics and ancient oceans, the styles and processes of amalgamation, accretion and dispersion of terrane, the sedimentary basins and energy and mineral resources related to terrane tectonism, (3) advances in the methods of research on terrane tectonics: paleomagnetism and comprehensive geophysics,micropaleontology and recognition of radiolaria bearing siliceous rock, structural kinematics of terrane boundary and geodynamics of deformational evolution, geochemistry and geochronology. This paper summarizes and reviews these latest research advances. China's terranes are distrubuted aroung the margin of plate tectonics and have complex origin, various size and different age. These fault bounded terranes with various tectonic settings and crustal affinities provide key evidences to solve the formation and evolution of complex colisional belt. They can be grouped into four terrane belts: East China belt, Northwest China belt, Southwest China belt and Central China belt. Each terrane belt is composed of several terrane groups that consist of a series of stratigraphic, metamorphic and volcanic arc terranes. Many terrane terranes contain faunal populations suggesting they have been displaced great distances from their sources, paleomagnetic results support this conclusion. Terranes in China are of allochthonous and exotic, having a drift history on some oceanic crust. They represent volcanic arc systems, pieces of continental crust rifted away from an ancient craton, sea mount and oceanic plateau. The accretion of terrane, which is an important and rapidly growth manner of continent, may be summarized as three styles: subduction collision type, docking type (oblique collision and strike slip type) and flake thrust type. Eigher terranes or continental margins may be dispersed and fragmented by rifting or strike slip faulting. The accretion and dispersion of terrane is a very complex geodynamic evolution. Dispersive processes may fragment individual terranes or a grown continent after their collision with a continent. Paleomagnetic studies have reconstructed terrane trajectories from their place of origin to their final accretion, such as Jiuling and Huaiyu terranes in the Jiangnan belt, Tarim, Hami Turpan, Yili and Junggar terranes in the northwest China terrane belt, and several terranes in the Qinghai Tibet terrane belt, indicating some terranes in China were located near equator, or a place of origin of ancient Gondwana super land. Terrane theory is of an important and new content of plate tectonics, not an independent subject opposing with plate theory. The theory of terrane has been developing and perfecting by further researches in field and laboratory and applications of new method and technology. It has been playing and will continue to play an important part in research on the intracontinental deformation and ancient orogenic belt in China.

Protective effects of lr-98 on hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and d-galactosamine in mice

Abstract: In the present paper, seurm glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), superoxide dismatase (SOD) and liver hydroxyproline were determined to investigate the inhibitory effects of LR-98(extract from Terminalia catappa L. ) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) or D GalN induced acute or chronic hepatic injury in mice. Ultrastructural Morphological changes were also observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). In acute hepatic injury trial, ①it was found that LR-98 could prevent CCl 4 induced nuclear membrane shrinkage, condensed heterochromatin increase, karyopyknosis and medullary sheath like structure occurrence. ②sGPT activity was significantly increased ( P 0.01), and liver SOD activity was significantly reduced ( P 0.01 ) after intraperitoneal injection of 1% CCl 4. With oral pretreatment of LR-98 for 1 week, changes in sGPT could be blocked ( P 0.01) in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, changes in SOD activity could be completly inhibited by all different doses of LR-98 ( P 0.01). ③LR-98 could also reverse the increase in sGPT activity induced by intraperitoneal treatment of D-GalN(800?mg/kg). In chronic liver damages (experimental hepatocirrhosis) induced by CCl 4, both sGPT activity and liver hydroxyproline content were significantly increased ( P 0.01), while SOD activity was significantly reduced compared to control values ( P 0.01) . With the oral pretreatment of LR-98, all the above changes induced by CCl 4 could be partly (lower dose) or completely (higher dose)blocked. But the treatment of LR-98(500?mg/kg) alone didn't affect any parameters detected. The above data indicate that LR-98 has hepatoprotective activity. The mechanisms underlying its protective effects may be related to antioxidant activity.

Environmental archaeology on the longqiuzhuang neolithic site, gaoyou, jiangsu province

Abstract: The Longqiuzhuang Neolithic cultural site of Jiangsu Province is listed as one of the ten most important Chinese archaeological discoveries in 1993. Through identification and analyses of 14 C dating, cultural relic comparison, sporapollen, granularity, oxide, and susceptibility, the authors discuss the prehistoric human living environment in the region. The study illustrates that the Longqiuzhuang region experienced Holocene warm environment after the Younger Dryas. The climate is a thermal maximum during the period from 10?000?aBP to 7?000?aBP, when no prehistoric human lived here, but the Castanopsis, Castanea, Cyclobalanopsis, Quercus, Pterocarya, Pinus, Typha, Gramineae, Artemisia and Polygonaceae have grown and formed a landscape in the area with evergreen broad leaved and deciduous broad leaved mixed forest as well as grass land. Typha and aquatic herb grew in marsh or beside water. Facts above demonstrate that a suitable human ecological environment had been formed there then. In the stratum of that time, the sample No. C9 has more sporapollen, i.e. Artemisia 112, Typha 60, Gramineae 55. On the other hand, both thermophilous Lygodium and susceptibility high value show a humid hot climate . But the sedimentary characteristics reveal the tene with yellow silt mainly consisted of aeolian sediments. It means that the humid level of that time was lower than that of the Neolithic Age between 7?000?aBP and 6?000?aBP. There should exist windblown sand to deposit in winter and spring at that time on a larger scale. It is the first discovery for windblown sand deposits, which demonstrates an early Holocene humid hot environment in the north Jiangsu Province and the Yangtze Delta. During the period from 7?000?aBP to 6?000?aBP, the study region was still of the landscape of evergreen broad leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest as well as grassland. Nevertheless, the humid level is added. The layer No.5 and No.8 in the site, for example, a large number of aquatic Ceratopteris, Typha, Trapa, Nymphoides and polypodiaceae can verify above conclusion. In the layer No.4 and No.8 of the site, a large number of carbonized rice, skeleton of Lamellibranchiata, Lamprotula sp., Corbicula sp., Gastropoda, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Cyprinuscurpio, Mylopharyngodon picens, Chinemys reevrsii, Amyda sinensis, Sus domestica L., Canis familiaris L., Elaphurus davidianus M-ED, Cervus nippon Jemminck, Hydrotes inermis and Muntiacus reevsii also prove the multi limnetic paleo environment. The prehistoric human beings lived on land near rivers or lakes and relied on hunting, fishing, breeding domestic animals and growing rice for making a living. The high susceptibility value in the sample of layer No.6 shows that the climate perhaps experienced a high temperature period at 6?300?aBP. Merely the climate transformed gradually into arid and cool at 5?500?aBP or so. The evidence is that the layer No.4 in the site has only 12 sporapollen totally with 2 Pinus and 6 kinds of herb. After 5?500?aBP, the site mainly experienced the cold period of Shang and Zhou Dynasty (3?900?aBP 77 BC)the warm humid high sea level period of Tang and Song Dynasty (AD618 1279) and cold Little Ice Age environment of Ming and Qing Dynasty (AD1368 1911). Though the stratum of the site after 5?500?aBP is disturbed obviously by human activities, perennial study results from archaeology and geo science have confirmed the truth. It should be poined out that the discovery of abundant sporapollen which indicates a subtropic humid hot environment but in sedimentology indicates a genesis of windblown sand for studying environmental evolution and human civilization origin in east China. The discovery illustrates that at (8?200±126)?aBP of Late boreal phase, when north bank of the Yangtze River of Nanjing area experienced a paleo flood environment of humid hot climate, Longqiuzhuang region whose latitude was 54?km away from Nanjing by north also possessed a

Coastal ocean sciences facing the 21 century

Abstract: With population expanding, resources exhausted, environment degenerated, social troubles and so on, a series of huge and urgent global social environmental problems are rushing to us in all kinds of appearances The conflict between human beings and the natural world is becoming sharper and sharper The sustainable development of human society is facing the tremendous challenges nowadays In the middle of the 1980's, according to the Earth System Science(ESS), concentrating on Global Changes, a lot of large scale international cooperative programs have been organized and carried out step by step Among them, World Climate Research Programme(WCRP), International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP) and International Human Dimension of Global Environmental Change Programme(IHDP) are the model representatives In the middle of the 1990's, following the establishment of the new core project of IGBP named “Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone(LOICZ)”, coastal ocean area has been put in a multidimensional stereoscopic temporal and spatial crossed net Focusing on this area of the Earth surface, a relative complete and systemic scientific research body has been set up; thus,coastal ocean area is becoming the key area to the studies on Global Changes in the present day Furthermore, after the 1982 United Nations Law of Sea Convention went into effects in 1994, broad high sea with an area of 130 million square kilometers will be divided, and given to the countries along coast area in the froms of territorial sea, national exclusive economic zones and so on Because of the imperious needs of marine territory, marine rights and interests and so on, the establishment of new international marine sequence is urgent As the result, Coastal Ocean Sciences(COS), which pays special attention to the studies of the area of coastal ocean, as the new upsurge in marine sciences is rising in the world at the end of 20 th century With the close relationship to the studies on Global Changes, COS is becoming one of the hot scientific research fields in the 21 st century In the view of the point of Global Changes, coastal ocean shows the new concept of coast in present day, endowing the new definition of coast Being the transitional area between land and ocean, coastal ocean is characterized distinctly by land and ocean interactions It extends from coastal plains to the outer edge of the continental slopes and continental rises It mainly locates in the domain from 200m above and 200m below today's sea level, approximately matching the region that has been alternately flooded and exposed during the sea level fluctuations of the late Quaternary period, and has covered relatively complete zones with land and ocean interactions Thus, the whole surface of the Earth has been divided into three geomorphologic parts: continental interior, deep ocean(or open ocean) and coastal ocean between them Coastal ocean area also has some peculiarities Representatively it has relatively independent natural environments, rapid changes with relative steady periods, rich and colorful ecosystems, and it is an important buffer zone Moreover, there are abundant resources and dense population, the conflict between human beings and the natural world being much sharper in this area Thus, it is important to both human society and global biogeochemical cycling Focusing on coastal ocean area, combined closely with the studies on Global Changes, COS presents the notable compound character LOICZ as the model representative, the international research on COS shows the wonderful cooperative studies between natural scientists and social scientists Thus, COS is one of the model brink sciences China is a large country with a huge population, broad land area, what is more important, it also has extensive marine territory Its coastal ocean shows several distinct characteristics The 21 st century is marine century We should seize the chance, develop what we have done successfully, and stimulate the development of COS in our country dramatically

Research of field theory based adaptive resonance neural network

Abstract: Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) is an important class of competitive neural learning models. The memory mode of these models is similar to those of life forms, and their memory capacity can increase as the learning instances increase. Moreover, ART models can perform real time online learning and work under dynamical environments. So, these models have promising application foreground. On the other hand, Field Theory is a class of relaxation models, which are the only neural models that need only one round training currently. And they are good heteroassociative classifiers, which have large memory capacities and can perform real time supervised learning with fast speed. In this paper, a new neural learning algorithm named FTART (Field Theory based Adaptive Resonance Theory), which organically combines the advantages of Adaptive Resonance Theory and Field Theory, is proposed. FTART employs a unique approach to solve the conflicts between instances and extend classification regions dynamically. It overcomes the disadvantage of traditional feed forward neural networks, which need users to set up hidden units, and achieves fast learning speed and strong generality. Benchmark tests show that FTART is far better than BP on both training time cost and predictive accuracy. Because artificial neural network has stupendous ability of generalizing and dealing with nonlinear problems, it gets standout achievements that traditional symbolic mechanism cannot attain in many domains. However, there exists an inherent disadvantage in ANNs. That is, concepts learned by ANNs are hard to understand, and it is difficult to give an explicit explanation for the reasoning process, because knowledge is represented using large assemblages of connection weights in the network. This has cumbered the understanding of the function of neural models, and set limit to their application in knowledge discovery and knowledge refinement. We can overcome this disadvantage if we can extract comprehensible symbolic rules from neural networks. Nowadays, more and more attentions have been paid to this field, and many fruits have been achieved. In this paper, we propose a method named SPT (Statistics based Producing and Testing), which comes from the view of functionality, to extract symbolic rules from trained FTART network. Experimental results show that the rules extracted through this method are comprehensible and accurate, and can commendably describe the function of original neural network.

Neolithic Cultural Interruptions and Holocene Buried Palaeo-Trees in the Yangtze Delta

Abstract: Natural sludge, peat or bog iron layers without any cultural relics between two cultural layers, found in archaeological excavations in the Yangtze Delta area, show that there are many unidentified cultural interruption phenomena in many Neolithic cultural sites They mainly appeared in 3 periods: (1) late Songze Culture—early Liangzhu Culture (5?300～4?700?yr BP), (2) late Liangzhu Culture early Maqiao Culture (4?200～4?000?yr BP), and (3) late Maqiao Culture—early Shang Zhou Dynasties (3?300～3?000?yr BP) Moreover, there are many Holocene buried paleo trees and peat deposition discovered during Quaternary geological investigation and civil engineering construction in this region They were mainly concentrated in 4 periods: (1) early stage of Atlantic Phase ( 7?000 ～6?000?yr BP), (2) late stage of Atlantic Phase (5?500～5?000?yr BP), (3) middle stage of Sub Boreal Phase (4?400～4?100?yr BP), and (4) late stage of Sub Boreal Phase (3?600～3?100?yr BP) All these phenomena could possibly be the reflection of middle low frequency fluctuations of climate and sea level They could have derived mainly from large scale land floods caused by powerful activity of summer monsoon under high temperature and high sea level, having nothing to do with marine transgression

Emergy analysis of spartina alterniflora ecological engineering

Abstract: The estuary of the Shuangyang River, Jiangsu Province, was selected for this study. In history, the seawall in this area was often eroded by typhoons and storms, and a large amount of money was spent repairing the seawall annually. Since 1985, Spartina alterniflora was planted on seashore to find a better way in protecting the seawall. Three ways involving Plan A-repairing without plantation, Plan B-Plantation of S.alterniflora without uses, Plan C? 玈.alterniflora Ecological Engineering (SAEE) have been practiced. This paper describes the Emergy Analysis for the three ways. A science based evaluation of a system is now available to represent both the environmental values and the economic values by using a common measure of Emergy. Emergy, a measure for real wealth, is the work previously required to generate a product or service. In an environmental economic system, there are 4 different flows: material flow, energy flow, currency flow and information flow. These flows can for the first time be measured on Emergy as a common evaluating standard, so Emergy analysis method provides a quantitative way to find what policies and patterns for humanity and nature are sustainable with fewer trials and errors, because they tend to anticipate self organization for maximum benefit and prosperity. The Emergy Analysis for 3 approaches results as following: Emergy inflows, A:2.84E+12 sej -1 m -2 ;B:3.67E+11 sej -1 m -2 ;C:8.94E+11 sej -1 m -2 . Emergy export, A:5.78E+09 sej -1 m -2 ;B:3.44E+11 sej -1 m -2 ;C:3.46E+12 sej -1 m -2 . These data indicate that Plan C-SAEE is the most beneficial option, with a net benefit of 2.57E+12 sej -1 m -2 . It is calculated to be $0.295 a -1 m -2 based on the macroeconomics values in 1988. Then, in the practical area of 150 m 2 the total macroeconomics values are $443 000(1988). Plan A is not a maintainable system. It needs most of economic input every year. The results showed that alternative C is a better management strategy than the other two for the salt marsh wetland with eroded seawall in Southeast China. SAEE embodies the principles of ecological engineering.

Isolation, purification and chemical structure analysis of polysaccharide from spirulina maxima

Abstract: Polysaccharide of Spirulina maxima (PSM) was isolated and purified from Spirulina maxima by hot water extraction, alcohol precipitation, Sevag method and gel filtration(Sephadex G 100). Its homogeneity was examined by paper chromatography, Sephadex G 200 gel column chromatography and HPLC. The average molecular weight of PSM is 29 500. Infrared analysis and the 1H spectrum of nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that PSM has α glycoside linkage. Its mono saccharide composition was identified by thin layer chromatography and GC. PSM consists of L rhamnose, D arabinose, D xylose, D mannose, D glucose, D galactose and glucuronic acid in the ratio of 1.947:0.338:0.905:1:0.347:1.182:1.330. The results of periodate oxidation and Smith degradation showed that the major linkage of PSM is (1→3) L rhamnose.

Recent advances in sea-level research

Abstract: This paper presents a critical review of global sea level rise, its consequences and response strategies. The paper consists of 6 parts: Sea level changes, some new technological advancements, environmental consequences of sea level rise, response of coastal wetland to sea level rise, LOICZ project and response strategies. Briefly speaking,sea level change is an important item in global change. Recent research indicates sea level rise may be a cause of global warming. Coastal erosion is triggered by sea level rise as shown by Bruun rule. Although Bruun rule is essentially true for sandy coast, it is not valid for muddy coast where the predominant cause of coastal erosion is sediment starvation. The best response strategy to coastal erosion is beach nourishment which is known in USA as “tool of Choice”.However, in many developing countries, sea dike is still a means of coastal protection. In order to use coastal resources wisely, integrated coastal management is widely adopted which currently emphasizes “Human dimension” by putting more weight on socioeconomic factors as visualized in PSIR model of LOICZ.

Experimental investigation on acoustic nonlinearity of fatigued metals

Abstract: Nonlinear acoustics plays an important role in characterization of materials, in particular, detection of changes in the microstructure, material hardness, heat treatment of metal, component of alloy and the degree of metal fatigued. When a sinusoidal ultrasonic wave is launched to a nonlinear medium, the fundamental wave will be distorted as it propagates, so second and high harmonic wave will be generated. The second harmonic amplitude is dependent on a so-called ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter which is a characteristic of the material. Previous experiments observed that inhomogeneity in materials, for example dislocation, crack and voids etc. can greatly affect the nonlinear characteristic of material, and increase the second harmonic generation. The purpose of this project is to study the change of ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter while the materials are fatigued, and to explore the possibility on the NDE of metal fatigue by nonlinear methods. To calculate the nonlinearity parameter, at a minimum, we must absolutely measure the amplitude of fundamental wave and second harmonic wave. In order to do so, in the study of acoustic second harmonic generation in solids a capacitive transducer is often used as a detector because it is able to measure absolute displacement amplitude with good sensitivity, wide dynamic range. But it requires sample preparation including parallel surfaces, optical flatness, and clear surrounding. Due to the experimental difficulties encountered in using capacitive detector, this technique has not gained popularity outside the laboratory setting. Presently in this paper, we adopt a pulse-through method based on contact transducers. The detailed mode of this method to measure the nonlinearity parameter of the samples is described. Ultrasonic nonlinearity parameters of LY-12 aluminum samples with different fatigue degrees are measured experimentally. And the marked difference in nonlinearity parameter between fatigued and unfatigued aluminium alloy samples is observed. The acoustic attenuation of the samples under testing is also measured. Its influence on the measurements of the nonlinearity parameter is considered theoretically. The experimental results show that the nonlinear acoustic parameter of the material i.e. ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter is more sensitive to fatigue degree of samples than the linear parameter, i.e. attenuation.

A laboratory simulation of cbl in a water convection tank

Abstract: A water convection tank was used to study the structures of convective boundary layer (CBL),including vertical profiles of mean temperature and heat flux and temperature fluctuationsExperimental details are compared with the measurements of wixed layer, and a visual observation of the temperature in it is given It is helpful to understand the details of entrainmentThe temperature spectrum for a height near the middle of mixed layer shows the existence of an interial subrange as well as a viscous convective subrangeThe results of our laboratory simulation indicate that the water convection tand can successfully simulate the development of CBL,and show the details of CBL structrureThis makes it possible to establish the mechanism of CBL,especially that of the entrainment

Image token correspondence based on genetic algorithm

Abstract: This paper proposes a new image token correspondence approach based on genetic algorithm (GA). GA is one of the problem solving systems based on the principles of evolution and heredity. Such system starts with an initial set of random solutions and uses a process similar to biological evolution to encourage the survival of the fittest solutions. The best overall solutions become the candidate solution to the problem. In this paper some new ideas and methods are addressed to deal with the token correspondence problem more effectively using the genetic algorithm. Given the two sets P={p 1,p 2,…p m } and Q={q 1,q 2,…q n }, the chromosome is represented by a sequence of m integers A=a 1,a 2…a m . Each gene a i in the chromosome A describes the correspondent token number with the token P i in the set P . If a i is not equal to zero, the point p i can find its correspondence q aj in the set Q. Otherwise, the point P i has no correspondence. In each generation the GA manipulates a set of solutions that is called the population. Since chromosomes with better performance survive generation to generation, the construction of the initial population is important. The initial population impacts both the qualities of the chromosomes to be generated and the convergence of the GA. In this token correspondence problem the initial chromosomes are constructed as follows. If the largest disparity of each point in P is l , the correspondence with the token P i in P must be in the window with size l×l centered in the position P i of in the second image. The ith gene a i of the chromosome A is selected randomly among the numbers of the points in that window. If there are no points in that window, the ith gene a i of the chromosome A is zero. Three new reproduction operators are developed to work on the chromosomes. The first is called “Partial Complementary Crossover”. This operator carries out solution modifications by operating on two existing parent chromosomes. The genes common in both of the parent chromosomes are preserved. Other genes are replaced by a randomly chosen integer between 1 and which is not included in the chromosome. This operation results in an offspring chromosome pair which carries the information of both parents. The second and third operators refer to the random changing of some parts of the chromosome with the scope of introducing new features in the offspring, not inherited from parents. The second new operator is called “Random Substitution of Mutation”. It alters certain gene of the chromosome by a randomly chosen number not included in that chromosome. “Random Reset of Mutation” is the third operator, which replaces a certain gene of the chromosome by zero. The effect of the three reproduction operators is that implicitly good properties are identified and combined into a new population. Therefore the best solution and the average value of the solutions in this new population are better than those in previous populations. During each generation, chromosomes are evaluated using some measure of fitness. In the token correspondence problem, the fitness function is computed according to the rigid bodies' motion features. A fitter chromosome has a larger chance to be reproduced into the next generation. There are several parameters which characterize a genetic algorithm. The most important are the probabilities of applying the three reproduction operators. These probabilities are chosen adaptively according to the fitness function. For fitter chromosomes, the reproduction probabilities are smaller. Otherwise, these probabilities are chosen larger. Experiments are done to test the validity of the GA based token correspondence algorithm. The results are compared with those of the relaxation method. It can be seen that the GA based token correspondence algorithm is more effective and satisfactory.

A type analyzing framework for object oriented program based on hierarchy model

Abstract: On analyzing and understanding statically typed object oriented program, it is important to determine the run time types of a pointer during the execution of a program Many people have done some research in this field, so there are many type analysis methods presented and used, such as point to analysis, flow sensitive or flow insensitive interprocedural pointer alias analysis and intraprocedural pointer alias analysis, etc But each method has its own drawbacks, so we intend to construct a framework integrating the best features of each method so as to resolve the problem of virtual function call In this paper, a type analyzing framework for statically typed object oriented program is built, and 4 current approaches, including UN, CHA, RTA and PAA are integrated into the framework First, a four level model based on the above approaches is presented: the lowest level is UN type analysis, which only scans method declaration in linear way when analyzing the type problem of object oriented program The second level is Class Hierarchy Analysis which binds static object declaration with the structure information of the class hierarchy so as to determine the possible target set of virtual function call The third level is Rapid Type Analysis, which uses the call graph produced during Class Hierarchy Analysis to further determine and reduce the possible class set of virtual function call The fourth level is Pointer Alias Analysis which uses PCG, TT and CHG to help analyze the virtual function call Then, the framework based on the four level model is built by coupling preprocessor and information processor The preprocessor is used to analyze the correctness of programs in lexical and grammar Only when it is correct in lexical and syntax can program be transferred to information extractor so as to extract some useful type information for information processor, which processes the type information and produces type table, class hierarchy graph and program call graph so that type analyzer can use them In type analyzing, type analyzer processes from the lowest level up to the highest level The framework presented in this paper is suitable for statically typed object oriented programs, such as C++/Java

Investigation of ultrasonic fields of a transducer using the angular spectrum method

Abstract: The traditional method to calculate the ultrasonic fields of the transducers is using the Rayleigh Sommerfeld diffraction (RSD) formula which provides an exact analytical expression of linear fields for the transducer in homogeneous media through 2 D integral. However, in many cases, the analytical solution of RSD is unavailable and the direct numerical evaluation is time consuming. The angular spectrum method (ASM), based on 2 D FFT, provides a faster numerical approach for the analysis of the sound fields of arbitrary sources. In this paper, the basic concept of the angular spectrum and the principle of the angular spectrum method (ASM) are reviewed, then the steps of ASM algorithms are described. To solve the problem of spatial aliasing, how to choose such parameters as the angular range and the spatial sampling interval is discussed. As a check of our ASM algorithms, the forward propagated ultrasonic fields of transducers in homogeneous media are calculated by ASM and RSD integral, respectively. Experimentally the ultrasonic fields are measured by a 3 D scanning system with a needle type hydrophone. Two types of transmitting transducers, of which one is a planar radiator and the other is a concave type with the same frequencies, are used. It is shown that the ASM results agree reasonably with the RSD results and the measured data.

Xml document support system based on dom

Abstract: As a subset of SGML, meta markup language Extensible Markup Language (XML) and related technologies are used more broadly. Document Object Model(DOM) is the basis of the implementation of document interoperation,it is a set of platform independence and language independence interfaces. First, the paper discusses the applied trend and current situation of XML , then an XML Document Support System Based on DOM is addressed. The system is composed of 2 parts: Kernel component and User component. Kernel component is divided into 3 entities: Parser, Document Access and XSL Format. Parser analyzs input XML or DTD file and generates internal document object tree like data organization which is maintenanced by Document Access. Standard interfaces defined by DOM version 1.0 are implemented in Document Access. For the lack of definition on DTD operation, we also provided the interfaces for DTD. XSL Format is used to give XML document different presentations such as display and print. User component provides users a set of components to accomplish the creation of XML document, the presentation of XML document, and the conversion between different document format. Because the architecture is component faced, users can choose required function flexiblely.

The preparation of waterborne polyurethane and the properties of the crosslinked films

Abstract: In this paper, the waterborne polyurethane was prepared by blocking method. The title poly(cabamoyl sulfonates) (PCS) with different content of -SO - 3were prepared by blocking reaction of aqueous NaHSO 3 with two series of polyisocyanates and using ethyl acetate, ethanol and water as cosolvents. The two series of polyisocyanates (PU2 and PU3E) were prepared by the reaction of HDI with poly(propylene diol) or poly(propylene-ethylene oxide triol ) respectively. The influnce of the amount of these cosolvents on blocking efficiency was investigated. The results suggested that the optimum weight ratio of ethyl acetate or water to prepolymer was 0.25, 0.2 respectively,and that of ethanol to ethyl acetate was 2.0. The transparent casting films were obtained by crosslinking reaction of aqueous PCS with polyethylene polyamine. The resistance of films to water and ethanol increases with the decrease of the NCO% of prepolymer. The films produced from two types of prepolymer (PU2 and PU3E) should be different responding behavior of swelling and dissolving in water or in ethanol to the NCO% changing because of the different hydrophilicity of the polyethers in PU2 and PU3E. The investigation of casting films indicated that the tensile strength and Young's modulus increased and the elongation at break decreased, with the ratio of NCO/OH increased. It was the result that the crosslinking density of films increased with the increase of NCO% of prepolymer.But, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of films descended when the ratio of NCO/OH was greater than 2.0 because the molecular weight of prepolymer descended and the content of residual HDI increased in that case. The fragility or low mechanical property was brought by the excessive urethane produced by the reaction of these prepolymer of low molecularweight and residual HDI with polyethylene polyamine. The optimum mechanical property of two series of films were obtained when the ratio of NCO/OH was 2.0.

Remarks on the dynamical flattening of the earth

Abstract: The observed data of the Earth's gravitational field indicate that the figure of external equipotial surface of the Earth differs from the value given by the solution of hydrostatic equilibrium equation. Besides, the dynamical flattening of the Earth, as observed by geodetic techniques, is different by about 1 per cent from the value associated with the PREM density profile with hydrostatic equilibrium. Based on the theory of figure of the planets, the internal equipotential surface of a self gravitating, rotating mass in hydrostatic equilibrium is coincident with the equal density surface everywhere within the celestial body. Once the density distribution ρ(r) is known, one can obtain the profile of the flattening e(r) in the planetary interior. In this paper using the density distribution in the PREM, the author discusses two factors affecting the dynamical flattening of the Earth. From the calculated results the author comes to the following conclusions: (1)The density redistribution of the lower mantle, located under Earth's surface from 671 km to 2891 km, makes the value of dynamical flattening easily coincide with its observed one. (2)If the dynamical shape of the actual Earth represents the hydrostatic figure from a past geological age, it is the angular velocity from 9. 8×10 6 years ago that matches the Earth's dynamical flattening. This inference is difficult to confirm observationally, therefore nobody can confirm or deny it. However, it appears that the nonhydrostatic components of the Earth's shape not only relates to the present physical state within the Earth, but also reflects the effects of some factors during the whole history of its evolution. This result calls our attention to making careful investigation on the tide evolution of the Earth moon system, and checking whether or not some long term variation exists in Earth's physical parameters. (3) The results of the investigation with respect to the Earth's dynamical flattening can be used for reference in the domain of figure theory for other terrestrial planets. In particular, the influences of density redistribution within various interior zones on the Earth's flattening are different from each other. This conclusion might be used to study in the future the interior structure of Mars.

27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Mechanical Alloy ing Process in Cu－Al Mixed Powders

Abstract: Pure elemental powders of copper and aluminum with particle size 200 mesh (75 μ m) were weighted and mixed to give the desired average composition of Cu15 Al 85 (at%) The variations of the 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra have been measured for the powder mixtures after different times of ball milling By analyzing the 27 Al NMR spectra, through the comparison with the earlier reports, the detailed physical discussion has proceeded based on the elemental principles of NMR and the process of mechanical alloying (MA) on an atomic scale has been investigated With increasing the ball milling time, 27 Al Knight shifts in the series of Cu 15 Al 85 samples decrease from 0164% to 0158% This means that the states of valence electrons have been altered and the s like component of the conduction electrons reduced The chemical short ranged order (CSRO) near the 27 Al nuclei is changed significantly The formation and development of the alloyed clusters having various CSRO are caused by a strong interaction, on an atomic scale, between copper and aluminum in the mixtures during the milling processing The strong interactions among the valence electrons of Cu and Al cause the changes in wavefunctions The experimental results indicate that the true alloying reaction takes place during the ball milling process, and it completes after about 90 hours of ball milling on our mechanical alloying conditions Moreover, the CSRO in the samples prepared by MA are the same as those with the ingredients prepared by melting

Expression of anti-neuroexcitation peptide (anep) of scorpion buthus martensii karsch in escherichia coli

Abstract: According to the cDNA sequence of anti neuroexcitation peptide of scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch, the putative mature anti neuroexcitation peptide (ANEP) encoding DNA fragment was obtained by PCR method, and then was cloned into expression plasmid pET28a, fused with His tag at its 3' end. When expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), the expression of recombinant ANEP was 15% of total cellular proteins meanwhile most recombinant ANEP products existed in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies. Co expression of molecular chaperones or protein disulfide isomerase could not improve its solubility. The recombinant ANEP in the cell lysate was purified to homogeneity by metal chelating affinity chromatography and superdex 30 chromatography. In bioassay with convulsive mice model induced by thiosemicarbazide, recombinant ANEP could apparently delay the convulsion seizure of model animals by 18% and showed anti neuroexcitatory activity.

Studies of the cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath southeast china

Abstract: Mantle derived xenoliths can provide direct information on mantle processes. This study uses a large number of xenoliths from Cenozoic basaltic rocks in Southeast China, to understand the composition of the subcontinental mantle over a wide area, and to evaluate the processes of the lithospheric mantle. In situ analysis of trace elements in minerals by laser ablation ICPMS microprobe (LAM ICPMS), and major element analysis by electron microprobe have been used to explore the trace element geochemistry of minerals in the xenoliths and to fingerprint the processes of the lithospheric mantle. It is recognised that the genesis of Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath SE China is closely related to the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle, the thinning and extension of the lithospheric mantle.

Geology and geochemistry of gold deposits in the north china platform

Abstract: Based on the many years' research work of gold deposits in the North China Platform (NCP), we have discovered a lot of interesting features and came to many important conclusions, such as:1.North China Platform is composed of many terrenes, such as Huaxiong, Songgi, Luxi, Jiaobei, Jiaonan and Huanghai Terrene etc.Chronostratigaphy of basement is the important basis for division to the type of terranes. 0 type terrane possess Archean and Early Prototerozoic green stone belt; C type terrane only possess Archean green stone belt. The former favoured formation of gold deposits.2.The tectonic setting of the NCP in the Mesozoic is desisive factor for magmatism and metallogeny. This is genetically related to the subduction caused by the intense collision between the paleo Pacific Plate and initial Eurasia Plate in the Mesozoic Period.3.The evolution of tectonic setting in the eastern continent of China also determined the evolution of magmatism and metallogeneses of the NCP.4.The system of main faults is the main factor for distribution of gold deposits, orefield and metallogenic belt.5.The different types of gold deposits related to the Mesozoic granitoids and subvolcanics is inter related and inter depentdent.6.Metasomatic alteration and its zonation is the important base for the metallogenic model.7.Granitic magematism and migmatization are the important factors for mobilization of gold and metallogenic fluids.8.Isotopic features of Pb, S, O, H, C, Nd and Sr show that the gold and metallogenic fluids are from multiple sources.9.Calc alkaline lamprophyres, formed in the active continental margin and orogenic belt, related to gold deposits are come from enriched mantle caused by subduction of Plate, terrane or slab.10.The hydrothermal mineralizing processes related to gold deposits can be divided into 3 episodes. 350?℃～250?℃ is the main range for gold cocentration.

Effects of several chloroaromatic hydrocarbons on plasma sex steroids in carassius auratus

Abstract: During the recent decade there has been increasing concern at the levels of industrial and agricultural contaminants in the aquatic environment and the possible effect of such pollution on both human health and the well being of animal populations.Since some of these contaminants which are called endocrine disrupters have oestrogenic activities and can mimic the role of oestrogen and disturb the reproductive function of animals and human beings,more and more efforts have been made to elucidate the potential effects of these contaminants of animals especially aquatic animals.In this study,several chloroaromatic hydrocarbons chlorobenzene,1,3 dichlorobenzene,1,4 dichlorobenzene and p chloro methylbenzene,which are generally presented in industrial effluents,were selected to be studied under laboratory conditions for their effects of plasma sex steroids (testosterone and 17β estradiol)in carp (Carassius auratus) to determine whether these chemicals may act as endocrine disrupters and cause threats to reproduction of aquatic species.The 4 chloroaromatic hydrocarbons were injected into carp at different doses separately,and after 2 weeks,carp plasma was collected,centrifuged and extracted by dichloromethane,and sex steroids levels were detected using radioimmunology assay (RIA).The results showed that in comparison with the mean concentration of testosterone which was (4?072.582±227.44) pg/mL in control groups,the concentrations of testosterone in chemical treated groups significantly increased ( P 0.05 ),and in contrast with the effect on testosterone levels,nearly no significant differences exist between concentrations of 17β estradiol in chemical treated fish and the relative 17β estradiol level of (190.66±20.16)pg/mL in control groups ( P 0.05).These results suggested that although these 4 chloroaromatic hydrocarbons may have no obvious effects on the 17β estradiol level in aquatic animals such as fish,they contribute to the disturbance of testosterone levels in fish and may cause great threats to the reproduction of fish,and thus may have some adverse effect on the balance of aquatic ecosystems.

Singular points of julia type of meromorphic functions in unit disk

Abstract: Yang Lo once posed a question: Is there a singular direction corresponding to every normal family? In this paper we discuss this question for meromorphic functions in the unit disk. To do this, we define a new kind of singular points which correspond to the famous Marty's criterion. Definition. Let f be a meromorphic function in unit disk and θ (∈[0,2π]) a real number. If sup z∈Ω(θ-e,θ+e;1)1-｜z｜ k+1 ｜f′(z)｜1+(1-｜z｜) 2k ｜f(z)｜ 2=+∞ , then e iθ is called a Marty's point of f. We not only give a good condition concerning the existence of Marty's points, but also prove that if e iθ is a Marty's point of f, then f f' can infinitely take an arbitrary finitely nonzero number in the angular domain Ω(θ-e,θ+e; 1) for any positive number and integer n. In the process, it is notable that we only use the first fundemental theorem with the former and the normal criterion of Marty with the latter.

Mechanism of metropolitan shadow area evolution and its countermeasures

Abstract: Locational factors of distance-limited space play an important and complicated role in the evolution process of contemporary urban areas and extended metropolitan regions. The construction of compact integrated symbiotic regions with spatial and economic coordinative development around central cities greatly influences the urban and regional strategic development. Owing to different combinations of agglomeration and diffusion, it makes the areas around central cities become“shadow areas”, which are also reflected in large areas. Spillover effect is a combination of agglomeration and diffusion effects. Its change with (following) spatial distance depends on the decrease of above effects with distance. The effects of small towns around central cities are shown as follows:Fm=Ft-Fc+FpIn which: Ft -condensation from small towns Fc -attraction from central cities Fp -impetus from the state and local governments The above formula has three cases, which will be explained in details through figures in this article. It also points out the froming mechanism of the“shadow area”: (1)Supposing Fp =0, Fm=Ft-Fc ,and the shadow area of small towns is fromed in AB region. (2)Supposing Fp actively promotes the development of small towns, the shadow area will move to central cities from AB region, and vice versa. (3)Supposing small towns are very close to central cities, Fm will be a negative, which is totally under the influence of central cities. On such conditions, small towns will rapidly become part of constructed regions of central cities. In this article, Dongshan town in Jiangning county, Nanjing metropolis, is taken as the case to explore the main measures to decrease the side effect of “metropolitan shadow area” on towns in “shadow area.”