Journal of Plant Protection Research 

About: Journal of Plant Protection Research is an academic journal published by De Gruyter Open. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biology & Plant disease. It has an ISSN identifier of 1427-4345. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 1283 publications have been published receiving 12959 citations.

The Effects of Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Lycopersici Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

Abstract: Tomato fusarium wilt is considered as one of the most important diseases of tomato both in field and greenhouse - grown tomatoes worldwide. In presented research, six fungicides; benomyl, carbendazim, prochloraz, fludioxonil, bromuconazole and azoxys- trobin, were evaluated for their efficacy against the disease casual agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro and in vivo. Seven different concentration (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µg/ml) were used for assessment of their inhibitory activities against the patho- gen through mycelial growth inhibition on potato media. Four concentrations of above mentioned fungicides (0.1, 1. 10 and 100 µg/ml) were tested for controlling Fusarium wilt on tomato plants in glasshouse. Fungal radial growth was measured and median effective con- centration (EC 50 ) values (µg/ml) determined. The result of glasshouse tests revealed a different degree of efficacy of all tested fungicides in reducing disease infestation. Prochloraz and bromuconazole were the most effective fungicides against the pathogen both in vitro and in vivo, followed by benomyl and carbendazim. All other fungicides were less effective. Conserning the application date of fungicides it was shown that they were less effective when applied 7 days after tomato plant infection, compared with 1 day prior infection. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed after the application of prochloraz, bromuconazol and benomyl when used at recommended doses, especially on seedlings. However both fungicides fludioxonil and bromuconazole were shown to be phototoxic to tomato seedlings.

Trichoderma spp. – application and prospects for use in organic farming and industry

Abstract: Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are a very large group of microorganisms that play a significant role in the environment. They use a variety of mechanisms to colonise various ecological niches. Several Trichoderma spp. positively affect plants by stimulating plant growth, and protecting plants from fungal and bacterial pathogens. They are used in biological plant protection as biofungi- cides as well as in bioremediation. Members of the genus Trichoderma are also utilised in various industry branches - mainly in the production of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites, but also of biofuel. Moreover, the genus Trichoderma comprises edible and medicinal mushrooms, but also the pathogens of humans. Currently, Trichoderma has entered the genomic era and parts of genome se- quences are publicly available. This is why, Trichoderma fungi have the potential to be used for human needs to an even greater extent than before. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to increase the efficiency and safety of the application of these fungi.

Bronze Bug Thaumastocoris Peregrinus Carpintero and Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) on Eucalyptus in Brazil and its Distribution

Abstract: The bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) was detected infesting Eucalyptus trees in Brazil in 2008, in the states of Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais and in 2009 was found in the state of Espirito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and Parana. Details about geographical spread, means of introduction, impact in Eucalyptus plantations and natural enemies observed in the field are discussed.

Screening of antimicrobial and antioxidant secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from wheat (triticum durum)

Abstract: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms calls for inventive research and development strategies. Inhibition of these pathogenic micro-organisms may be a promising therapeutic approach. The screening of antimicrobial compounds from endophytes is a promising way to meet the increasing threat of drug-resistant strains of human and plant pathogens. In the present study, a total of 20 endophytic fungi and 23 endophytic actinomycetes have been isolated from wheat (Triticum durum). Mohamed Ben Bachir variety collected from Bordj Bou Arreridj region (Algeria) during winter 2010. The isolates were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated for crude ethyl acetate extracts using an agar dif- fusion assay against twelve pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and two phytopathogenic fungi. All extracts showed inhibitory activity on at least one or more pathogenic microorganisms, with an average zone of inhibition varied between 7 mm to 25 mm, and the largest zone was of 25 and 25.3 mm against candida albicans and Escherichia coli respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evalu- ated by β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. Results showed that 60% of these extracts have antioxidant activity, exhibiting 50, 57% to 78, 96% inhibitions. While the inhibitory activity for oxidation of linoleic acid of 40% of them was less than 50%. From the present work it is possible to conclude that these microorganisms could be promising source of bioactive compounds, and warrant further study.

Bakanae disease of rice in Malaysia and Indonesia: etiology of the causal agent based on morphological, physiological and pathogenicity characteristics

Abstract: Bakanae disease on rice has been recorded almost in all countries where paddy is grown commercially, especially in Asian countries, including Malaysia and Indonesia. Bakanae disease was widespread in Peninsular Malaysia and three provinces of Indonesia with the range of disease sever- ity from scale 1 to 5 and disease incidence from 0.5 to 12.5% during 2004-2005 main growing seasons. A total of five Fusarium species belonging to section Liseola and their allied i.e. Fusarium fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides were isolated and identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Literature data showed that the bakanae disease of rice all over the world is caused by F. fujikuroi and probably some other Fusarium species from section Liseola or allied. However, from pathogenicity tests that have been carried out by using variety MR 211 of rice it was evident that F. fujikuroi was highly virulent and the only species involved in causing bakanae dis- ease. Therefore, this species was the only one detected to be able to produce gibberellic acid - (GA3) with Rf value 0.40 and 0.62, developed in solvent systems isopropanol:ammonia:water (10 : 1 : 1), v/v/ v and chloroform:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5 : 4 : 1), v/v/v, respectively. This knowledge would be in- valuable in developing our understanding on the interaction between F. fujikuroi and the host plants.