Showing papers in "Journal of Psychology in Africa in 2022"
TL;DR: The Dark Side of Social Media: Psychological, Managerial, and Societal Perspectives as discussed by the authors is a recent work that explores the relationship between psychology, managerial and societal perspectives in social media.
Abstract: "The Dark Side of Social Media: Psychological, Managerial, and Societal Perspectives." Journal of Psychology in Africa, 32(2), pp. 207–208
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the perception of relationships between talent management practices and work meaningfulness, happiness, and turnover intention among South African academic staff and found that employee perceptions of management practices of acquisition, development, performance management, staffing, retention practices, and workforce planning predicted lower turnover intention.
Abstract: This study explored the perception of relationships between talent management practices and work meaningfulness, happiness, and turnover intention among South African academic staff. The participants (n = 160) were from a large South African higher education institution (HEI). For a measure of talent management practices, the participants completed the Human Capital Index. Work-related outcome measures included the General Happiness Scale (GHS), the Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Employee Retention Scale (ERS). Regression analysis results showed employee perceptions of talent management practices of talent acquisition and development, talent retention, management commitment, performance management, workforce planning, and staffing to predict their happiness and sense of work meaningfulness. Moreover, employee perceptions of talent management practices of acquisition, development, performance management, staffing, retention practices, and workforce planning predicted lower turnover intentions. Higher education management should invest in employee-centric talent retention practices for sustained academic workforce development and retention.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the dimensionality of the UWES-17 and UWES9 using second-order and bifactor models and concluded that UWES total scores appear valid for assessing levels of work engagement in diverse sectors.
Abstract: Extant research on the factor structure of the Utrecht Work Engagement Survey (UWES) across multiple study settings has consistently produced conflicting results. The study examined the dimensionality of the UWES-17 and UWES-9 using second-order and bifactor models. Cross-sectional data were collected from 213 employees in the private (n = 70), non-governmental (n = 73), and government (n = 70) sectors. The sample comprised more men (61%) than women (39%). The mean age was 38.6 years (SD = 8.87 years). Results from data analyses in R and the Bifactor Indices calculator yielded inconclusive second-order models. The bifactor analysis demonstrated the presence of a strong general factor for both the UWES-17 and UWES-9. The criterion related validity of the UWES-17 and UWES-9 was supported. UWES total scores appear valid for assessing levels of work engagement in diverse sectors.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the association between inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviors, and the role of psychological empowerment and leader-member exchange in that relationship, and found that expanded psychological empowerment is important to inclusive leadership practices for innovative work behaviours.
Abstract: We investigated the association between inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviours, and the role of psychological empowerment and leader-member exchange in that relationship. Participants were 508 employees from tourism, textile, and banking sectors in Turkey (female = 51.38%; age range = 20 to 63). The path analysis results showed that inclusive leadership predicted an increase in employee innovative work behaviours. Further, psychological empowerment plays a mediating role in this relationship. The indirect effect of inclusive leadership on innovative work behaviours through psychological empowerment was not significant with low leader-member exchange relationship. This effect was significant with high leader member exchange relationship. Leader member exchange had a moderated mediation role on the inclusive leadership influences on employee innovative work behaviour through psychological empowerment, boosting the inclusive leadership effects on employee innovative work behaviour than with psychological empowerment alone. The research findings suggest that expanded psychological empowerment is important to inclusive leadership practices for innovative work behaviours.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an Amharic version of the Teacher Well-Being Scale (TWBS) was developed and administered to a sample of university instructors (n = 1 117).
Abstract: The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Teacher Well-Being Scale (TWBS), in an Ethiopian education setting. To test the reliability and validity of the scale, an Amharic version of the TWBS was developed and administered to a sample of university instructors (n = 1 117). The results showed excellent reliability, acceptable convergent and divergent validity, very good discriminant, and factorial validity with the bi-factor model of TWBS. Furthermore, measurement invariance analyses revealed that the factor structure of the TWBS stayed consistent across sex (men, women), university types (research, applied, and general university), age, and experience in teaching. The TWBS may be valid for use in the Ethiopian higher education setting.
3 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between teachers' psychological empowerment and professional well-being, and the mediating effect of professional pressure thereon, and found that teachers with a higher level of psychological empowerment had lower professional pressure, and a higher sense of professional wellbeing experiences.
Abstract: We examined the relationship between teachers’ psychological empowerment and professional well-being, and the mediating effect of professional pressure thereon. The participants were female Chinese kindergarten teachers (n = 225; mean age = 26.79 years; SD = 5.78 years). The minority (19.6%) worked in formal settings. The teachers completed self-report measures of psychological empowerment, professional well-being, and professional pressure. The path analysis results indicated that psychological empowerment predicted greater professional well-being. Teachers’ sense of professional pressure mediated the relationship between psychological empowerment and professional well-being. Kindergarten teachers with a higher level of psychological empowerment had lower professional pressure, and a higher sense of professional well-being experiences. These findings suggest a need to reduce professional pressure on kindergarten teachers for their professional empowerment and work well-being.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors aimed to determine the factor structure and reliability for the Community of Inquiry Survey in a South African Open and Distance e-Learning Environment, where participants were 572 honours students.
Abstract: We aimed to determine the factor structure and reliability for the Community of Inquiry Survey in a South African Open and Distance e-Learning Environment. Participants were 572 honours students. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine the factorial structures. Structural equation modelling yielded a three-factor structure including perceptions of teaching, social, and cognitive presence. The reliability of scores for the total scale was 0.96. The three-factor structures of the Community of Inquiry Survey had a high internal consistency ranking from 0.90 to 0.95. The Community of Inquiry Survey appears valid for student advisement and support in the South African distance learning environment.
2 citations
TL;DR: This study presents the basic features of facial recognition systems applied to driver fatigue monitoring, as well as their comparative strengths and limitations.
Abstract: In modern times, with mass transportation systems, driver fatigue has become one of the main causes of traffic accidents. The development of intelligent transportation systems holds great promise for safety. Increasingly, policies, laws, and regulations will consider artificial intelligence applications for minimising driver fatigue. This study presents the basic features of facial recognition systems applied to driver fatigue monitoring, as well as their comparative strengths and limitations. Traffic psychology has much to offer road safety from driver fatigue applying deep learning algorithms to reduce traffic accidents and ensure traffic safety.
2 citations
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated how and when paradoxical leader behaviour positively influenced employee taking charge, a typical exemplar of proactive behaviours. And they concluded that contextual factor of PLB and individual differences of promotion focus were essential to enhance employees' perception of role breadth self-efficacy and possibilities of taking charge.
Abstract: We investigated how and when paradoxical leader behaviour (PLB) positively influenced employee taking charge, a typical exemplar of proactive behaviours. Participants were 644 employees of a large Chinese high-tech manufacturing company (male = 50.8%; mean age = 29.63 years, SD = 5.72 years). Based on hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrap analysis, the results indicated that PLB was associated with a higher probability of employee taking charge, with role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) acting as a mediator for this relationship. Furthermore, promotion focus moderated this mediation relationship, such that the relationship was stronger for subordinates high in promotion focus. We concluded that contextual factor of PLB and individual differences of promotion focus were essential to enhance employees’ perception of RBSE and possibilities of taking charge.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the roles of parenting styles and social interaction anxiety in problematic internet use (PIU) in a sample of Nigerian undergraduate students (n = 300; female = 63.3%; mean age = 19.66 years, SD = 2.64 years).
Abstract: Our study examined the roles of parenting styles and social interaction anxiety in problematic internet use (PIU) in a sample of Nigerian undergraduate students (n = 300; female = 63.3%; mean age = 19.66 years, SD = 2.64 years). The students completed the Parenting Style Inventory II (PS-II), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Generalised Problematic Internet Use Scale 2. Following regression analysis, results showed authoritative parenting to predict lower PIU among the students, while permissive parenting predicted higher PIU among the students. Social interaction anxiety predicted higher PIU and mediated the relationship between the parenting styles and PIU, decreasing PIU among female students but not for the male students. Gendered parenting style influences PIU through social anxiety. These findings suggest a need for gender sensitive PIU interventions in Nigerian patriarchal culture.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the factor structure of the Psychological Contract Inputs-Outcomes Inventory (PCIOI) as a potential reliable measure for assessing the psychological contract content elements of employees with a digital mindset.
Abstract: We aimed to explore the factor structure of the Psychological Contract Inputs-Outcomes Inventory (PCIOI) as a potential reliable measure for assessing the psychological contract content elements of employees with a digital mindset. Employees (n = 293, mean age = 38.58 years, SD = 9.34 years) in the digital-oriented services industry in South Africa (70%), Zimbabwe (15%), and other European countries (15%) completed the PCIOI. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to assess the factor structure of the inventory. The statistical procedures yielded a 41-item, multilevel scale measuring three higher-order dimensions (employee inputs, organisational outcomes, psychological contract fulfilment). This study extends psychological contract theory by providing evidence of the PCIOI as a valid and reliable measure of the digital mindset psychological contract. Additional studies are needed to further refine the PCIOI and validate its usefulness in the digital era.
TL;DR: Ass associations with current polysubstance use were stronger than with current single substance use among older adolescents (15-18 years or older), male sex, with passive smoking, high psychological distress, frequent soft drink consumption, and frequent fast-food consumption.
Abstract: This study aimed to provide estimates on current polysubstance use among adolescents in three Caribbean countries. Cross-sectional and national school health survey data (2016-2017) were analysed from 6 269 adolescents (median age = 15 years) in Dominican Republic (n = 1 306), Jamaica (n = 1 455), and Trinidad and Tobago (n = 3 508). More than one in ten of the participating students engaged in current polysubstance use. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, the associations with current polysubstance use were stronger than with current single substance use among older adolescents (15-18 years or older), male sex, with passive smoking, high psychological distress, frequent soft drink consumption (≥3 times/day), and frequent fast-food consumption (≥ 3 days/week). Additionally, school truancy and parental tobacco use were associated with current polysubstance use, while adolescents reporting parental support were less likely have current single and polysubstance use. Intervention strategies to prevent and treat substance abuse by teenagers should prioritise psychosocial factors.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the relationship between humble leadership and work fatigue, the mediating role of self-efficacy, and the role of perceived team autonomy-support in reducing employee work fatigue.
Abstract: Work fatigue plays an important role in employee health and workplace safety. However, little is known about leadership qualities for reducing employee work fatigue. This study explored the relationship between humble leadership and work fatigue, the mediating role of self-efficacy, and the moderating role of perceived team autonomy-support. Participants were 226 hospital nurses (female = 99.56%; 25–35 years old = 53.54%; bachelor’s degree or above = 59.73%). Structural equation modelling results indicated humble leadership to be associated with lower employee physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and emotional fatigue. Furthermore, self-efficacy mediated the effects of humble leadership on employee physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and emotional fatigue. Perceived team autonomy-support moderated the direct relationship between humble leadership and self-efficacy. Further, perceived team autonomy-support moderated the indirect relationship between humble leadership and physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and emotional fatigue via self-efficacy. In conclusion, humble leadership may reduce employee work fatigue through self-efficacy within a team autonomy-support climate.
TL;DR: High alcohol use and misuse have been identified that call for interventions among adolescents in Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and parental support decreased the odds of current alcohol use, ever drunk, and trouble from alcohol use.
Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use and misuse, and its associated factors, among adolescents in Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Data from 3 847 adolescents (mean age = 14.6 years, SD = 1.7 years) that took part in national cross-sectional school surveys in 2018 in Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were analysed. The results indicate that 42.7% of the students reported current alcohol use, 27.9% were ever drunk, and 11.4% had trouble with alcohol use. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, compared to students from Saint Lucia, students from Saint Vincent and the Granadines had higher odds of trouble from drinking. Current tobacco use and current cannabis use were highly associated with current alcohol use, ever drunk, and trouble with alcohol use; while ever use of amphetamines was associated with ever drunk. Older age was associated with current alcohol use and ever drunk, but not with trouble from drinking. Severe food insecurity and suicidal ideation were associated with trouble from alcohol use. School truancy, participation in physical fights, injury, and multiple sexual partners increased the odds, while parental support decreased the odds of current alcohol use, ever drunk, and trouble from alcohol use. In conclusion, high alcohol use and misuse have been identified that call for interventions.
TL;DR: In this paper , adverse childhood events (ACEs) experiences of school-going Ugandan adolescents (female = 50.6%, with diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder: PTSD = 38.2%; mean age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.2 years).
Abstract: This study aimed to characterise adverse childhood events (ACEs) experiences of school-going Ugandan adolescents (female = 50.6%, with diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder: PTSD = 38.2%; mean age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.2 years). The children completed the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Latent class analysis yielded three groups of “low risk” (individuals with low probabilities of experiencing most of the adverse life events), “intermediate risk” (individuals with higher probability of being exposed to adverse life events compared to the low-risk group), and “high risk” (individuals with extremely high probabilities of having experienced all the adverse life events). Compared with the low-risk class, the high-risk class was found to be significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD. Being a female may be an antecedent risk factor for high exposure to ACE in the Ugandan setting. These findings indicate the feasibility of grouping Uganda children with ACEs for targeted treatment interventions.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the association between the fear of COVID-19 and job insecurity of Turkish hospitality employees, as well as the role of work happiness in that relationship.
Abstract: Worldwide, COVID-19 had an unprecedented impact on the lives of people. This study explored the association between the fear of COVID-19 and job insecurity of Turkish hospitality employees, as well as the role of work happiness in that relationship. Survey data were collected from 417 employees (female = 53.24%; managers = 23%; age range = 19 to 63 years). SPSS-23 and AMOS-18 were used to test the research hypotheses using structural equation modelling and regression analysis. The findings indicated that fear of COVID-19 was associated with high job insecurity among employees from all levels. Work happiness played a mediating role in this relationship, lowering levels of fear and insecurity. These findings suggest that happiness is protective of fear of COVID-19 and job insecurity of employees. Management may consider boosting employee happiness to create a resilient workforce in the face of COVID-19.
TL;DR: In this paper , a cross-sectional national data from 2 240 adolescents (median age = 17 years) that participated in the 2012 South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) was used to estimate population-based rates of psychological distress among adolescents in South Africa.
Abstract: Psychological distress (PD) may be common among adolescents. The study aimed to estimate population-based rates of PD among adolescents in South Africa. We analysed cross-sectional national data from 2 240 adolescents (median age = 17 years) that participated in the 2012 South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1). The SANHANES-1 is a community-based population survey. Results indicated that 16.0% (one in six adolescents in South Africa) of the adolescents had PD: 13.1% among boys and 18.5% among girls. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, predictors of PD were increasing age, girls, belonging to the black African population group, having experienced two or more traumatic life events, poor self-rated health status, having activity limitations, perceived body overweight, and fast food and snack consumption. Results show that socio-demographic and health risk factors are associated with PD among adolescents in South Africa. Interventions aimed at reducing PD and other health risk factors are needed.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the extent and the nature of the behavioural and psychological control experienced by adolescents within four contexts (parental, peer, school, and community) of their everyday lives.
Abstract: This study investigated the extent and the nature of the behavioural and psychological control experienced by adolescents within four contexts (parental, peer, school, and community) of their everyday lives. The adolescents (n = 463; female = 52.5%, black African = 69.3%; mean age = 15.69 years, SD = 2.86 years) were from six public high schools in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The participants completed adapted versions of the Parents’ Psychological Control Scale and the Peer Control Scale. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that in the school and community contexts, early adolescents and female participants experienced significantly higher levels of control than older adolescents and male participants. Female early adolescents experienced significantly higher levels of control (school behavioural control, community behavioural control, and community psychological control) specific to the school contexts which was in the form of psychological control. Findings of this study can inform community mentors and school counsellors of the important psychological and behavioural impact that community norms and school values have on how adolescents experience their social worlds and negotiate the boundaries of various social systems.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the influence of bed and breakfast social servicescape on customer satisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of customer positive emotion and the moderating role of sex.
Abstract: We investigated the influence of bed and breakfast (B&B) social servicescape on customer satisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of customer positive emotion and the moderating role of sex. Participants were a convenience sample of 305 B&B customers from the Yangshuo, Guangxi Province, and Phoenix Ancient Town, Hunan province, China (female = 45.5%; mean age = 30.9 years, SD = 8.7 years). Following a simple mediation analysis, the findings revealed that customers’ positive emotion significantly mediated the relationship between B&B social servicescape and customer satisfaction. Additionally, the impact of social servicescape on customers’ positive emotion was moderated by sex, with female customers expressing higher regard for affect laden servicescape qualities. These findings suggest a need for B&B providers to build sex-sensitive provisions into their servicescape for positive experiences.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) influences on employee turnover intention in a mining organization and found altruism and courtesy behaviors to predict higher turnover intention, whereas virtue and conscientiousness predicted lower intention to leave.
Abstract: We investigated organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) influences on employee turnover intention in a mining organisation. The participants were 371 mining employees (men = 74%; women = 26%; mean age = 37.2 years, SD = 8.21 years). The employees completed standardised OCB and the turnover intention scales. Logistic regression analysis findings indicated altruism and courtesy behaviours to predict higher turnover intention. Civic virtue and conscientiousness predicted lower intention to leave. These findings suggest altruism and courtesy predispositions differ from those for civic duty and conscientiousness in the mining industry context and in ways important to human resource management in that sector.
TL;DR: In this article , a qualitative interpretive description research study aimed to explore, interpret, and describe educators' and support staffs' experiences regarding the management of crises in their schools in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Abstract: This qualitative interpretive description research study aimed to explore, interpret, and describe educators’ and support staffs’ experiences regarding the management of crises in their schools in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Informant educators (n = 7) and support staff (n = 1) from four schools (public, rural, and private) completed semi-structured interviews on their experiences. Following thematic analysis, findings revealed crisis-oriented themes regarding current policies within schools, certain crises experiences, languishing, management of these crises, and COVID-19 mitigation. Current policies needed improvement to ensure the physical, psychological, and emotional safety of school members which will in turn influence their well-being. These findings suggest a need for educators, support staff, and school learners to be trained within in-school crisis management practices to prevent avoidable trauma.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined how culture, gendered roles, and societal expectations shape South African black African women's entrepreneurial experiences in male dominated entrepreneurial environments and interviewed 12 Black African women entrepreneurs regarding their experiences in diverse South African male dominated sectors.
Abstract: In the current study, we examined how culture, gendered roles, and societal expectations shape South African black African women’s entrepreneurial experiences in male dominated entrepreneurial environments. Utilising a life story technique approach, we interviewed 12 Black African women entrepreneurs regarding their experiences in diverse South African male-dominated sectors. Overall, these women perceived three themes to characterise their experiences in a male-dominated entrepreneurial environment: (i) societal identities and challenges; (ii) entrepreneurship-life balance; and (iii) the support mechanisms. The women said to experience slow entry into the male dominated sectors due to patriarchy, culture blockages, and having to continuously upskill. However, the negotiation strategies and support mechanisms were suggested by the participants to benefit their businesses.
TL;DR: In this article , a meta-analysis of 44 correlations was conducted to evaluate the overall association, and a metaregression was used to check potential moderators, which indicated a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and voice behavior.
Abstract: Employee voice behaviour is a crucial form of social capital for business organisations. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between transformational leadership and voice behaviour. A meta-analysis of 44 correlations (n = 14 473) was conducted to evaluate the overall association, and a meta-regression was used to check potential moderators. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and voice behaviour (ES = 0.480, 95% CI = [0.391, 0.569]). The relationship between transformational leadership and voice behaviour is higher when using self-reported data. In this meta-analysis, findings on the relation between transformational leadership and voice behaviour seemed consistent across studies even though they vary by research design and context. Moderator variables of year, age, sex, tenure, same source, country, scales of leadership (SOL) and scales of voice behaviour (SOV) may explain the heterogeneity in effect sizes for this relation across studies.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated whether a multi-method assessment approach increases variance for predicting future job performance compared to a single-method approach measuring similar constructs, and found that a constrained and baseline model proved to explain greater variance between measures and job performance than the constrained model.
Abstract: This study investigated whether a multi-method assessment approach increases variance for predicting future job performance compared to a single-method approach measuring similar constructs. Participants were managers (n = 539, female = 29%, average age 38 years, SD = 7 years) across a variety of organisations, including the utilities (n = 145), mining (n= 83), telecommunications (n = 98), Information Technology and professional service sectors (n = 213), drawn from samples across Namibia (n = 54), Nigeria (n = 53), Saudi Arabia (n = 105), South Africa (n = 177), the United Arab Emirates (n = 88), and the United Kingdom (n = 62). The managers used a digital platform to complete multi-trait multi-method (MTMM) measures which included competency-based video interviewing, work-related self-report measures, work simulations and aptitude assessments, each measuring work-related competencies. Structural equation modelling was used to determine paths between measures and work performance. Acceptable model fit for the measurement model was established through confirmatory factor analysis. A constrained and baseline model was used to investigate predictive paths to job performance. The baseline model proved to explain greater variance between measures and job performance than the constrained model. This provides support for deploying a multi-method assessment approach, including both self-rated and expert rated content, in a modern organisational context; and using an integrated digital platform.
TL;DR: In this article , the mediating role of virtual community identification on the relationship between online incentives and customer voice was investigated, and the results showed that reward incentives (material, social, activity) were associated with higher virtual communities identification.
Abstract: We investigated the mediating role of virtual community identification on the relationship between online incentives and customer voice. We surveyed 369 customers from Apple (n = 198) and Huawei (n = 171) virtual communities. Structural equation modelling results showed that reward incentives (material, social, activity) were associated with higher virtual community identification. Virtual community identification was associated with customer promotive voice, and fully mediated the relationship between the online incentives and customer voice. This study enriched the related researches on brand community voice behaviour and provided practical enlightenment for the strategic methods of brand community construction.
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence of corporate sustainability on customer loyalty was investigated by performing structural equation modeling using SmartPLS, which indicated that green image of business organisations does not influence the relationship between economic and environmental sustainability and customer loyalty.
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the influence of corporate sustainability on customer loyalty. Participants were 790 customers from mobile telecommunication, retail banking, and the manufacturing sector of the Ghanian economy (female = 42%, age range = 18 to 65 years). The customers completed existing measures of corporate sustainability, green image, and customer loyalty. Data were analysed by performing structural equation modeling using SmartPLS. The path coefficient of the direct model indicated higher levels of environmental sustainability and economic sustainability were associated with higher levels of customer loyalty. The outcome of the indirect effect test indicated that green image of business organisations does not influence the relationship between economic and environmental sustainability and customer loyalty. Organisations should endeavor to implement robust and deliberate sustainability strategies to enrich the green orientation and reputation of firms to attract the attention and inputs of relevant stakeholders.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors identified the factor structure on the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices Plus (SPM+) in two samples of school children from Benin (n = 3 560) and Djibouti (n= 2 768).
Abstract: A recent meta-analysis identified factor structures in IQ-test results from non-western nations similar to those found in samples from western countries, with mostly strong loadings on a general factor. In this study, we identified the factor structure on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Plus (SPM+) in two samples of school children from Benin (n = 3 560) and Djibouti (n = 2 768). The SPM+ gained good overall reliabilities in both countries (Cronbach’s α = 0.87 for the total samples). However, although Raven’s Matrices are assumed by many authors as a good instrument of “g”, neither exploratory nor confirmatory factor analyses were able to identify a general factor explaining more than 30% of the total variance. In contrast, our results suggest a three or more factors solution. Doubt regarding the suitability of this test for determining intelligence in sub-Saharan African countries is caused by three factors: (i) decreasing reliability; (ii) increasing number of identified factors when including items with a higher level of difficulty; and (iii) a lack of factor congruence between the two samples.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed and validated a scale to measure problematic smartphone use, which included psychological, functional, relationship, and withdrawal effects, which explained 47.84% of the common variance between the indicators with 14% non-redundant residuals with absolute values greater than 0.05.
Abstract: This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure problematic smartphone use. Respondents were 708 adults (female = 54.1%, mean age = 25.1 years, SD = 8.5 years) who were randomly recruited for a cross-sectional survey. We purposively selected 24 adults (equal male and female representation; age groups = 18–30, 31–50, and 51–65 years; income groups = low, middle, and high income), who participated in the initial item development fiend testing. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 30-item, four-factor effects measure of Problematic Smartphone use. The factors included psychological, functional, relationship, and withdrawal effects. This four-factor model explained 47.84% of the common variance between the indicators, with 14% non-redundant residuals with absolute values greater than 0.05. Cronbach’s alpha for the four subscales (0.90, 0.73, 0.82, and 0.70, respectively) indicated satisfactory to excellent internal consistency reliabilities. Further studies should focus on determining clinically significant effect size, test-retest reliability, and criterion validity of this scale.
TL;DR: This article investigated the influence of work passion and career exploration on the relationship between family influence and career calling and found that family influence is an important resource for career calling in the presence of work passions and career explorations, increasing the prediction of career calling.
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of work passion and career exploration on the relationship between family influence and career calling. The survey sample consisted of 410 primary and middle school teachers from 12 public schools in China (female = 353; mean age = 32.91 years, SD = 6.75 years). Results indicated that a positive family influence predicted a higher career calling. Furthermore, work passion and career exploration mediated the relationship between family influence and career calling. Additionally, career exploration mediated the relationship between work passion and career calling, increasing the prediction of career calling. Our findings suggest that family influence is an important resource for career calling in the presence of work passion and career exploration.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors assess the structural validity of the Psychological Career Resources Inventory Short Form (PCRI-SF) and for measurement equivalence across ethnic (white and black) and gender groups in the South African work setting.
Abstract: The present study had two objectives. The first objective was to assess the structural validity of the Psychological Career Resources Inventory – Short Form (PCRI-SF) and for measurement equivalence across ethnic (white and black) and gender groups in the South African work setting. The second objective was to assess whether the PCRI-SF predicts individuals’ career satisfaction. The article presents the findings of two studies that corroborate the PCRI-SF as a valid and reliable measure of individuals’ psychological career resources as attributes of their career self-management behaviour and as predictors of their career satisfaction. The PCRI-SF further exhibited measurement equivalence for white and black people and men and women in the South African organisational setting. The findings indicate that the PCRI-SF is a valid and reliable measure of individuals’ psychological career resources as attributes of self-regulated career management behaviour and as meaningful predictors of career satisfaction.