Showing papers in "Journal of Safety Research in 1988"

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of compulsory seat belt use on the number of occupants fatally injured in traffic crashes were examined in the first eight states adopting such laws and the results revealed a statistically significant decline of 8.7% in the rate of front-seat fatalities.

TL;DR: It appears that patient lifting frequency is indeed a significant causative factor in the production of low back injuries in nursing personnel.

TL;DR: In this paper, a multivariate approach was proposed to quantify the relations among the safety belts, the directions of crash impacts, and vehicle weights and their effects on fatalities, and the proposed approach allowed researchers to study many important variables simultaneously and eliminate the biases resulting from many possible confounders.

TL;DR: In this paper, a statistical association was found between the number of traffic citations for belt law violations versus observed belt use in primary enforcement states and observed belt usage in secondary enforcement states.

TL;DR: A pedestrian safety education film, And Keep on Looking, aimed at children ages 9 to 12 was evaluated in several cities as mentioned in this paper, and the results showed an increase in safe street crossing knowledge among 9-to 12-year-old Connecticut children who viewed the film, and some improvement in safe crossing behavior among 9 -to-12-year old Seattle, Washington, children.

TL;DR: Those who had taken the Motorcycle Safety Foundation's Motorcycle Rider Course did have a lower mean cost of damage to the motorcycle per accident, suggesting that they were involved in less severe accidents.

TL;DR: Analyzing 129,399 case reports of hand tool injury compensation claims from the 1983 Supplementary Data System of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the authors determined that nonpower hand tools injury rates were highest in agriculture, followed by construction, mining, and retail trades, and for power hand tool injuries the order was: construction, agriculture, manufacturing, and mining.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected information and experimental data toward the development of a universally acceptable methodology for evaluating discomfort glare from vehicle headlamps, which is easy to set up and implement, provides relatively reliable and valid measures of discomfort glare, and is time-efficient with respect to data collection.

TL;DR: In this article, a telephone survey of 416 drinking driving offenders was conducted to determine whether or not license suspension was associated with unemployment or job instability, finding that 69% of suspended offenders admitted driving under suspension, reported frequency of driving was less for suspended than nonsuspended offenders.

TL;DR: The youngest press operators were at greatest risk of amputation, and this result may be due, in part, to insufficient training for many young workers who are assigned to operate power presses.

TL;DR: In this article, the Swareflex wildlife reflectors were tested on SR 395 in eastern Washington State where high mortality rates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) had previously been recorded.

TL;DR: This paper examined the general and specific deterrent effects of Wisconsin's 1982 law mandating 3-to 6-month license suspensions for first-time convicted drinking drivers and found that those drivers convicted under the mandatory suspension law had fewer subsequent convictions and crashes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the findings of an investigation of hand tool-related accidents in the underground metal-nonmetal (MNM) mining industry over a 6-year period (1978-1983).

TL;DR: Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) are summary statements that remove differences in the compositions of the populations under study, permitting unbiased comparisons with respect to certain variables.

TL;DR: If hospital infection control practices are employed when HCWs care for AIDS patients or work with their biological specimens, the risk of occupationally acquiring a HIV, CMV, HBV or HSV-2 infection appears to be low.

TL;DR: Physicians should be knowledgeable about the major issues involving highway safety and about the medical qualifications their patients need to drive different types of vehicles within their home states and in interstate commerce.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the methodology for the design of an observational safety belt use survey and highlight the innovative features of the design: (a) the use of area probability sampling; (b) the measurement of the usage rate as the ratio of the estimated time front-seat passengers are belted in eligible vehicles to the total time in eligible cars; and (c) the implementation of procedures to reduce nonsampling or measurement error.

TL;DR: In this article, a standard method to evaluate the permeation resistance of protective clothing has been developed, which has generated numerous data on the resistance of various clothing materials to specific chemicals, such as formaldehyde, chlorine, and hydrogen cyanide.

TL;DR: Some of the fundamental assumptions of the epidemiological model are looked at, then their applicability to injury control is examined.

TL;DR: Calculations based upon public health data and cause deletion indicate increases in population life expectancy due to total reduction of accident deaths for age groups 0-35 of 1.01 years for males and 0.36 years for females.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effect of child restraint laws on motor vehicle fatality rates among young children in 11 states and found that fatality reductions of 20% to 25% following such laws would be statistically significant.

TL;DR: In the same year, Massachusetts passed a drunk driving law with mandatory penalties and a new civil charge to increase the conviction rate as discussed by the authors. But, few believed it was very likely that drunk drivers would be very likely to be stopped, and only two of three years studied after Maine's law did more people there report decisions not to drive because they had drunk too much.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found a statistically significant association between helmet use and reduced severity of head injury, and the association persisted after adjustment for age and sex of rider, and severity of crash forces.

TL;DR: Scalds were the most common type of burn overall and in women, but flame-related burns resulted in the highest average percent body surface area burned and were more common in men; tar-related, flame- related, chemical, and electrical burns affected men almost exclusively.