Showing papers in "Journal of Surgical Oncology in 1972"
TL;DR: A protocol design to quickly and efficiently determine effective therapy forsteogenic sarcoma could include pretherapeutic stratification, controlled trials of drugs or immune adjuvants with reevaluation at specific intervals of clinical significance.
Abstract: Osteogenic sarcoma is a rare but virulent malignancy for which significant prognostic factors have been identified. Evaluating the site, histology, size, and immunologic factors can help identify those patients at higher risk of recurrent disease. Surgical amputation is the mainstay of therapy for appropriate candidates (20% 5 year survivals). Radiation therapy alone yields 13%, and combined with surgery, 20% 5 year survivals. The efficacy of chemotherapy has not been fully evaluated but adriamycin and methotrexate have demonstrated activity of a promising degree. A protocol design to quickly and efficiently determine effective therapy for this disease could include pretherapeutic stratification, controlled trials of drugs or immune adjuvants with reevaluation at specific intervals of clinical significance.
264 citations
TL;DR: All 66 cases which could be found in the english literature and an additional case from this institution were reviewed in an attempt to better understand the metastatic variant of breast tumor cystosarcoma phyllodes.
Abstract: The breast tumor cystosarcoma phyllodes probably does not Rpresent an entity, but rather a spectrum of disease including a benign form, a histologically malignant form, and a metastatic form. In an attempt to better understand the metastatic variant, all 66 cases which could be found in the english literature and an additional case from this institution were reviewed.
The tumor often arises from a fibroadenoma, but its etiology is uncertain. Factors that determine the benignity or malignancy of the tumor are unknown, but a lower fertility rate in patients with metastases warrants interest.
Incidence is low; cystosarcoma makes up about 0.5% of alI breast tumors and only 3-12% of these are metastatic.
The tumor presents as a breast mass, often of large size, but there is no clinical feature peculiar to the metastatic variant.
Gross and microscopic pathologic findings cannot accurately forecast the metastatic potential of the tumor, but are of more predictive value than the clinical presentation. The clinical course is the only sure means of determining metastatic potential at present.
Metastases consist of stromal tissue only and can occur in any area of the body. Most commonly the lungs and skeleton are involved. Local recumnce occurs in 51% of metastatic cases.
The primary surgical treatment of choice has not yet been defined, but a simple mastectomy with lymph node biopsy seems adequate. Therapy of metastases has been unrewarding thus far.
141 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of survival rates by stage of disease suggested that prognosis was worse in men less than 50 years old and a plea is made for performing a digital examination of the prostate as part of all routine physical examinations, regardless of the age of the patient.
Abstract: Twenty-six cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in men under 50 years of age were reviewed and compared with a larger group of 599 patients more than 50 years old who also had prostatic carcinoma. Although the disease was more frequently diagnosed in its later stages in the younger population, comparison of survival rates by stage of disease suggested that prognosis was worse in men less than 50 years old. Histologic grading was not useful as an aid in determining prognosis. A plea is made for performing a digital examination of the prostate as a part of all routine physical examinations, regardless of the age of the patient.
84 citations
TL;DR: Success in establishing human lymphoid cell lines from patients with various genetic, infectious, and malignant disorders and from normal persons has facilitated many new avenues of research.
Abstract: Success in establishing human lymphoid cell lines from patients with various genetic, infectious, and malignant disorders and from normal persons has facilitated many new avenues of research. Most lymphoid cell lines seem to remain stable for months and years and can be preserved in cell banks. The cells maintain many specific characteristics and produce at least 10 identifiable cell products. The continuing synthesis of immunoglobulins is of great interest to immunologists.
It is possible to culture kilogram quantities of lymphoid cells for biochemical experiments. Large amounts of cells are useful for studies of lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction and the possible treatment (lymphocytotherapy) of certain infections and malignancies.
42 citations
TL;DR: An ion sensitive antigenic site on carcinoembryonic antigen which has been previously demonstrated to be present in non‐entodermally derived tumors and called Tumor Associated Antigen (TAA), has been demonstrated in perchloric acid extracts of normal lung and colon.
Abstract: An ion sensitive antigenic site on carcinoembryonic antigen which has been previously demonstrated to be present in non-entodermally derived tumors and called Tumor Associated Antigen (TAA), has been demonstrated in perchloric acid extracts of normal lung and colon. This antigenic site in normal colon and lung has been shown to be identical to the antigenic site on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by radioimmunoassay and Ouchterlony analysis. This provides further evidence that a common antigenic site exists on CEA as CEA is found only in entodermally derived tumors and is truly tumor specific. This antigenic site in nonentodermally derived tumors and normal tissues is structurally and chemically similar to CEA and further defines the tumor associated antigenic site (TAA).
35 citations
TL;DR: Pregnancy, which induces a 10‐fold augmentation of estriol production from fetoplacental sources above that of estrone and estradiol, significantly reduces human breast cancer risk.
Abstract: The ratio of administered estrioVestrone or estradiol 178 modifies the uterotropic action of estrogen upon uterine growth i n spayed rodents in vivo and the binding of tritiated estrone or estradiol to uterine and mammary estrogen receptor proteins in vivo and in vitro. Caucasian women with untreated breast cancer excrete significantly lower urinary ratios of estrioVestrone + estradiol (estriol quotient, Eq) compared to age-matched noncancerous women. Pregnancy, which induces a 10-fold augmentation of estriol production from fetoplacental sources above that of estrone and estradiol, significantly reduces human breast cancer risk.
34 citations
TL;DR: Ten patients receiving systemic chemotherapy for metastatic tumors of the G. I. tract and lung are studied with serial determinations of TAA levels during their therapy, finding significant decreases and sustained elevations were invariably associated with inexorable deterioration clinically.
Abstract: Ten patients receiving systemic chemotherapy for metastatic tumors of the G. I. tract and lung are studied with serial determinations of TAA levels during their therapy. The pattern of changes of TAA levels in each patient is correlated with the clinical response of that patient. Significant decreases in TAA levels occurred concomitant with clinical improvement in three patients. Significant, sustained elevations in TAA levels were invariably associated with inexorable deterioration clinically. This occurred in 6 patients.
This preliminary study suggests positive correlations may be present which would make serial TAA levels a useful guide to the effectiveness of chemotherapy in solid tumors.
31 citations
TL;DR: Topical application of toludine blue was used for the detection of oral carcinoma in 1,190 cases with oral lesions and gave a positive result in 546 cases with 131 false positives and a negative result in 484 cases with 66 false negatives.
Abstract: Topical application of toludine blue was used for the detection of oral carcinoma in 1,190 cases with oral lesions. It gave a positive result in 546 cases with 131 false positives and a negative result in 484 cases with 66 false negatives. In 160 cases, the results of the test were doubtful. The sensitivity of the test after excluding the doubtful results is 86% and specificity 76%.
26 citations
TL;DR: Soft tissue involvement is a major component of Gardner's syndrome, and some patients exhibit fibrous dysplasias, which can vary from severe fibrosis, frequently intra‐abdominal and causing bowel obstruction, to desmoid tumors and fibrosarcomas.
Abstract: Soft tissue involvement is a major component of Gardner's syndrome. While these are frequently skin inclusion cysts, some patients exhibit fibrous dysplasias. These can vary from severe fibrosis, frequently intra-abdominal and causing bowel obstruction, to desmoid tumors and fibrosarcomas, both of which can be progressive and life threatening. This aspect of the syndrome is poorly understood, but must be carefully evaluated in selecting treatment for the associated polyposis coli.
18 citations
TL;DR: Perforation in gatric malignancy is a rare condition, occurring in only 20 patients at the New York Hospital‐Cornell Medical Center between 1932 and 1969, and plication soon followed by definitive gastrectomy is recommended.
Abstract: Perforation in gatric malignancy is a rare condition, occurring in only 20 patients at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center between 1932 and 1969. Two patients are reported in whom plication followed by gastrectomy produced a satisfactory result. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer can be achieved by gastrointestinal x-rays, allowing for appropriate therapy prior to perforation. If perforation does occur, the edge of the perforation should be biopsied and diagnostic analysis carried out. If feasible, primary gastrectomy is considered the treatment of choice. Otherwise, plication soon followed by definitive gastrectomy is recommended.
14 citations
TL;DR: The majority of villous tumors found in the rectum and rectosigmoid of patients who are mostly 50 years old or older are malignant and the accuracy of diagnosis by biopsy is rather low.
Abstract: One hundred and four cases of villous tumors during a 19-year period are reported, including 38 cases of villous adenoma and 40 cases of carcinoma arising in villous adenoma. These tumors are found in the rectum and rectosigmoid of patients who are mostly 50 years old or older. The majority of these tumors are malignant and the accuracy of diagnosis by biopsy is rather low. Villous tumors of the colon and rectum should be treated as cancerous growths, and radical resection is the preferred treatment.
TL;DR: A rare intrapulmonary tumor (chemodectoma) detected by routine chest x‐ray is found in a 61‐year‐old white female and is of interest because it further documents the presence of chemoreceptors in the lung.
Abstract: A rare intrapulmonary tumor (chemodectoma) detected by routine chest x-ray is found in a 61-year-old white female. This is the fifth case of this tumor in this location reported in the literature. The tumor is of interest because it further documents the presence of chemoreceptors in the lung.
TL;DR: The gross growth rates of 158 soft tissue metastatic lesions of breast cancer in 54 patients seen at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital were studied and both the linear diametric and exponential volumetric growth rates were lognormal and were analyzed statistically as such.
Abstract: The gross growth rates of 158 soft tissue metastatic lesions of breast cancer in 54 patients seen at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital were studied. The frequency distributions of both the linear diametric and exponential volumetric (doubling time) growth rates were lognormal and were analyzed statistically as such. Among the 66 untreated metastatic lesions, parasternal lymph node had the fastest growth rate, although this could be a reflection of the crudeness of the measurement method. Undifferentiated or poorly differentiated recurrent lesions in the chest wall appeared to consist of two heterogeneous groups: one group grew faster than the more differentiated cancers and the other group slower, suggesting tumor with more necrosis. This paper further documented the prevalence of lognormal distribution of events associated with human cancers.
TL;DR: Electrophoresis using agarose and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) film plus scanning fluorometry provide a simple, fast method for precise and accurate measurement of serum and tissue LDH isoenzymes.
Abstract: Electrophoresis using agarose and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) film plus scanning fluorometry provide a simple, fast method for precise and accurate measurement of serum and tissue LDH isoenzymes. Via this method prostate tissue LDH isoenzy mes were determined for over 200 patients with either hyperplasia or cancer. Increased LDH isoenzyme V activities generally selected out the cancer patterns, whereas peak isoenzyme I values did not distinguish between the two groups as well. The LDH index (I/V) only confirmed the LDH V values. That the metabolic changes of neoplasia precede histologic changes is suggested by two patients in whom repeat biopsies demonstrated cancer following elevated isoenzyme V levels in tissue originally considered benign.
TL;DR: Over 900 cases of resectable bronchogenic carcinoma who have been followed carefully for five years are reported, and at each time interval reported, the patients who did not experience infection had a better outlook.
Abstract: There is much speculation concerning the effect of post-operative sepsis (empyema) on the course of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Most reported series include only a few patients with short follow-up. This paper reports a series of over 900 cases of resectable bronchogenic carcinoma who have been followed carefully for five years. At each time interval reported, even excluding the 30-day mortality, the patients who did not experience infection had a better outlook. The differences are not statistically significant, and lend no support to the apparent increased survival associated with infection and bronchogenic carcinoma.
TL;DR: In animals bearing bilaterial immunologically identical tumors, injection of one tumor with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase induced the regression not only of the injected tumor, but also of the contralateral tumor.
Abstract: Methylcholanthrene fibrosarcomas were transplanted into syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice. When the tumors had become firmly established and were palpable, injections of Vibrio cholerae neuraminadase were made directly into the tumor mass. Growth generally stopped in the injected tumors and a number of tumors totally regressed. In animals bearing bilaterial immunologically identical tumors, injection of one tumor with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase induced the regression not only of the injected tumor, but also of the contralateral tumor. When the bilateral tumors were of different types, injections of one did not lead to regression of the other but the animals were still capable of rejecting the injected tumor while dying of the immunodistinct untreated tumor.
TL;DR: The antibody prevalence and the titers of positive sera in prostatic cancer patients were similar to those in sera of bladder cancer patients and of non‐cancerous individuals.
Abstract: SV48-neutralizing antibodies were found in four of 77 sera from patients with pgostatic carcinoma. T antibodies were not detected in any of the sera. The antibody prevalence and the titers of positive sera in prostatic cancer patients were similar to those in sera of bladder cancer patients and of non-cancerous individuals.
TL;DR: The data obtained point to a possibly effective tumor vaccine which deserves further study and should be considered for further study.
Abstract: Transplanted MOPC 315 solid myelomas in BALB/cCR mice were treated with single injections of 1.6 × 106 syngeneic MOPC 315 cells combined either with human gamma globulin or with Concanavalin A (Con A). The group of mice which received injections of MOPC 315 cells coupled with human gamma globulin failed to show any significant response. The second group which received injections of MOPC 315 cells coated with Con A responded in variable fashion. Response was measured in terms of delay of tumor growth, differences in growth pattern, and prolongation of survival time. Slight response was observed in 8 of the 20 mice; moderate response was seen in 6 mice; 6 mice did not respond. The data obtained point to a possibly effective tumor vaccine which deserves further study.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the dog prostate not only secretes small quantities of fructose and glucose but also increases the concentration of fructose in stimulated prostatic fluid on testosterone treatment, suggesting that the vasa deferentia contribute alkaline phosphatase to canine prostatics fluid.
Abstract: The volume and acid phosphatase concentration of and the zinc–65 output in stimulated prostatic fluid were significantly increased by testosterone treatment of intact dogs. The alkaline phosphatase, glucose, fructose, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride and citric acid concentration were not statistically significantly changed. The cholesterol concentration in the fluid was significantly decreased by androgen therapy. The finding that bilateral vasectomy caused a significant decrease of the alkaline phosphatase concentration of prostatic fluid of intact control dogs suggests that the vasa deferentia contribute alkaline phosphatase to canine prostatic fluid. The results furthermore indicate that the dog prostate not only secretes small quantities of fructose and glucose but also increases the concentration of fructose in stimulated prostatic fluid on testosterone treatment.
TL;DR: A review of the five cases of urogenital sarcoma in childhood seen from 1960 to 1970 at Roswell Park Memorial Institute is presented, with agreement indicated with the commonly held opinion that postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not necessary.
Abstract: A review of the five cases of urogenital sarcoma in childhood seen from 1960 to 1970 at Roswell Park Memorial Institute is presented. The courses of three patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is instructive in indicating the value of aggressive combination therapy. One patient is apparently free of disease three months after the completion of radiotherapy, dactinomycin and vincristine. The first reported case of leimyosarcoma of the testicle is presented, with the indications for retroperitoneal node dissection and radical local resection given. The 30 month survival supports the use of intensive chemotherapy for sarcoma of the scrotal contents. A cure is reported in a case of mesoblastic nephroma of the newborn. The entity is discussed and agreement indicated with the commonly held opinion that postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not necessary.
TL;DR: The human adenovirus type 12 and the chemical DMBA inoculated into the prostate of adult hamsters show tumorogenic affects only in the presence of exogenous administration of estradiol or testosterone.
Abstract: The human adenovirus type 12 and the chemical DMBA inoculated into the prostate of adult hamsters show tumorogenic affects only in the presence of exogenous administration of estradiol or testosterone. The type of tumor observed was prostatic sarcoma, half of which were differentiated to fibrosarcoma. Castration did not change the incidence of the lesions. The pattern of hormonal influence was related to exogenous estrogen rather than androgen dependency when virus or DMBA were administered. Androgen dependency was found only in the presence of DMBA. Both stimuli together showed no potentiating effect in increasing prostatic tumor incidence.
TL;DR: This study suggests that 48 hour infusions of 30 mg/kg/day, repeated every two weeks, would be feasible and subjective improvement occurred in seven patients, and seven patients showed tumor progression during the study.
Abstract: High dose, continuous intravenous (I.V.) infusion of 5-FU was evaluated in a Phase I Study. Doses of 30, 40, 50 or 60 mg/kg/day were administered for 48 hours, and subsequent courses were given at two week intervals. Sixty-six courses of therapy were evaluated in twenty-six patients, the majority of whom had carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract (16) or breast (5). Only four patients failed to receive a second course of therapy. The median was 3 and the mean was 2.54 courses per patient. Serious leukopenia (WBC<2000) occurred in five patients, all of whom recovered. Other toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, microscopic hematuria, phlebitis and thrombocytopenia. The toxicity of 5-FU was dose related and 22 of 26 patients showed one or more toxic manifestations. Subjective improvement occurred in seven patients, and seven patients showed tumor progression during the study. This study suggests that 48 hour infusions of 30 mg/kg/day, repeated every two weeks, would be feasible.
TL;DR: The short‐term effects of acute mithramycin therapy on calcium homeostasis and strontium‐85 kinetics were studied in four patients with metastatic cancer, and data suggest that acutemithramYcin therapy lowered serum calcium by promoting non‐excretory removal from blood (internal skeletal clearance) rather than by increasing calcium excretion.
Abstract: The short-term effects of acute mithramycin therapy on calcium homeostasis and strontium-85 kinetics were studied in four patients with metastatic cancer. Fecal calcium content increased after therapy while urinary calcium excretion decreased, but there was no net change in total calcium excretion. Mithramycin lowered the serum calcium level in three patients with either obvious osseous metastasis or hypercalcemia, but no change was observed in a fourth patient without osseous pathology and normal serum levels. The strontium-85 (Sr85) kinetic data revealed an increase in the skeletal clearance (“accretion”) in three patients and no change in the fourth. There was no change in the extrinsic (excretory) clearance rate in any patient. These data suggest that acute mithramycin therapy lowered serum calcium by promoting non-excretory removal from blood (internal skeletal clearance) rather than by increasing calcium excretion.
TL;DR: The proffered check list allows one to stage any breast cancer, in the eight systems simultaneously, in a simplified manner.
Abstract: Eight breast cancer staging systems are compared with one another by means of a check list Of the 48 items in the check list only one item is used by all systems There are 29 items, each of which is employed by only one system It can readily be noted that much of the difficulty in converting stages from one system to another is due to the differences in the precision of wording rather than in concepts The proffered check list allows one to stage any breast cancer, in the eight systems simultaneously, in a simplified manner
TL;DR: Thirteen male, adult, 400‐gm Lewis‐Wistar rats received implants of a transplantable mammary tumor, which had arisen spontaneously in rats being treated with N‐N Dimethyl B‐Aziridino propionamide.
Abstract: Thirteen male, adult, 400-gm Lewis-Wistar rats received implants of a transplantable mammary tumor, which had arisen spontaneously in rats being treated with N-N Dimethyl B-Aziridino propionamide. Three rats (controls) received no treatment, five were given dextrose (8.7 mg/kg/day) and five given L-fucose (7.6 mg/kg/day) for four days. The sugars were adminstered by continuous intravenous infusion through a catheter placed in the superior vena cava which was maintained in position with a swivel harness apparatus allowing complete freedom of motion during therapy. There was a 20% reduction in tumor size (mean diameter) during fucose infusion, while the controls increased by 5%. The fucose did produce a diuresis but no toxicity was encountered. At sacrifice, on the 23rd day of tumor growth, bone marrow, liver, kidney, and spleen were normal histologically. Tumor fucose was approximately doubled in those receiving fucose, as compared to the control and dextrose treated animals.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Localized in situ tumor destruction controlled the hypersccretion of this functional endocrine malignancy and blood sugar and plasma insulin levels were similarly affected after treatment in both cured animals and in those which later developed tumor recurrence or metastases.
Abstract: Cryosurgical destruction of a functioning islet-cell tumor was performed in hamsters. The mean blood sugar in tumor-bearing animals before freezing was 67 mg per 100 ml. Four hours after tumor destruction it was 137 mg per 100 ml, and by 24 hours after treatment it was 110 mg per 100 ml. Respective mean plasma insulin values were 95 μU/ml, 33μU/ml, and 55 μU/ml, the normal range being 22 to 56 μU/ml. Blood sugar and plasma insulin levels were similarly affected after treatment in both cured animals and in those which later developed tumor recurrence or metastases. However, after the appearance of recurrent tumor or metastases. blood sugar and plasma insulin followed the course seen in untreated animals. The number of animals remaining free of recurrent tumor varied with the size of the probe tip used for cryonecrosis. Localized in situ tumor destruction controlled the hypersccretion of this functional endocrine malignancy.
TL;DR: A patient with secondary chondrosarcoma of the scapula complicating diaphyseal aclasia treated by resection of the shoulder girdle by the method of Tikhov‐Linberg is reported to have good function in the dependent arm and hand.
Abstract: A patient with secondary chondrosarcoma of the scapula complicating diaphyseal aclasia treated by resection of the shoulder girdle by the method of Tikhov-Linberg is reported. Good function in the dependent arm and hand were preserved. This technique of radical local excision for tumors of low grade malignancy about the shoulder girdle is occasionally a desirable alternative to an interscapulothoracic amputation.
TL;DR: This study was undertaken to determine cellular structure and function in hypertrophied small intestine following extensive resection in beagle puppies undergoing 90% enterectomy at 10 weeks of age.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine cellular structure and function in hypertrophied small intestine following extensive resection. Six beagle puppies underwent 90% enterectomy at 10 weeks of age. The animals were housed with their control littermates and fed the same kennel diet. At one year of age standardized biopsies were taken from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Tissue was immediately fixed for light and electron micrographs and stained for quantitation of 10 mucosal enzymes. Epithelial cells were isolated and incubated at 37°C in Krebs Ringers phosphate saline containing either C14-labeled alphamethyl glucose (2mM), or a radioactive amino acid (lysine, valine, or cystine at 0.565 mM). After incubation the cells were collected and the ratio of counts per ml intracellular fluid to counts per ml extracellular fluid determined.
Active cellular transport of glucose and amino acids did not differ in epithelial cells from resected animals when compared with the controls. Cellular enzyme reactions in the mucosa from the enterectomized animals were histochemically normal and ultrastructure was comparable in both groups of animals.
Structure and function of the epithelial cell in the enterectomized beagle does not significantly differ from the normal animal.
TL;DR: A randomized controlled clinical trial of radiotherapy in prostatic cancer is needed before final decisions can be made on its primary role in the treatement of this disease.
Abstract: Twenty-two patients with advanced stages of prostatic carcinoma were treated with-Cobalt-60 teletherapy. Local control of the prostatic lesion was obtained in five out of eight patients with stage C. and in 2 out of 14 patients with stage D of the disease. However, survival of these irradiated patients was not better than other similar patients treated with orchiectomy and stilbestrol. Following radiotherapy, pain relief was obtained in almost all the patients without serious complications. Nevertheless in available post mortem material the histological appearance of the primary tumor was unchanged before and after radiotherapy. A randomized controlled clinical trial of radiotherapy in prostatic cancer is needed before final decisions can be made on its primary role in the treatement of this disease.