Showing papers in "Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington in 1996"

Larval Parasitic Nematodes Infecting Marine Crustaceans in Eastern Canada. 3. Hysterothylacium aduncum

Abstract: Third-stage larvae of Hysterothylacium aduncum were found infecting the hermit crab Pagurus acadianus, the gammaridean amphipod Proboloides holmesi, and the caprellid amphipod Caprella linearis. Five nematodes were found in 3 infected hermit crabs (100%) collected from the brackish Bras d'Or Lakes, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. One infected hermit crab (0.3%) and 2 specimens of P. holmesi (7.7%) on the Scotian Shelf (the continental shelf off Nova Scotia) near Sable Island were each infected with single worms. One specimen of C. linearis (0.06%) in the St. Croix River, close to where it enters Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, was infected with a single nematode. No larva of H. aduncum was found in 18,210 amphipods belonging to 32 species other than P. holmesi and C. linearis, 1,254 mud shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa), 1,147 cumaceans, 417 isopods, or 4,819 polychaetes collected near Sable Island nor in 780 other hermit crabs (P. arcuatus and P. pubescens) collected from various areas on the Scotian Shelf and Georges Bank. Two fourth-stage larvae and one adult female H. aduncum were found in 2 amphipods (Ceradocus torelli) found among the gut contents of an Atlantic cod collected in the Cabot Strait. The intermediate host list of Hysterothylacium spp. compiled by Norris and Overstreet (1976) is updated.

Helminths of cetaceans on the Southeastern Coast of Brazil.

Abstract: Sevent y cetacean s accidentall y captured in fishing nets in Rio de Janeir o State (Brazil) were dissected for parasites . Sotalia fluviatilis (Delphinidae) harbored Braunina cordiformis, Halocercus brasiliensis, and Anisakis typica. Tursiops truncatus (Delphinidae) was parasitized by Nasitrema sp. and B. cordiformis. Steno bredanensis (Delphinidae) had only B. cordiformis. Sotalia fluviatilis represent s a new host record for Braunina cordiformis that is reported for the first time from Brazil. In an attempt to correlat e these cetaceans ' parasit e infections with their food habits, a survey was made on fish of 20 species and Loligo sanpaulensis (Cephalopoda ) from the same area. Only Bagre bagre, Macrodon ancylodon, and Nebris microps contained Anisakis sp. larvae, a parasit e species infecting cetaceans . Lack of parasites in 42 Pontoporia blainvillei (Pontoporiidae ) within our study area was probabl y related to the age of the hosts and differences in food habits between young and adults.

Helminth Communities in the Northern Spring Peeper, Pseudacris c. crucifer Wied, and the Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica Le Conte, from Southeastern Wisconsin

Abstract: Fifteen spring peepers and 20 wood frogs were collected in April 1993 from 2 temporar y ponds in southeaster n Wisconsin. Five species of adult and larval nematodes , 4 species of adult and larval trematodes , and 1 larval cestode infected wood frogs. Spring peeper s harbored 1 adult and 1 larval nematode species as well as 1 adult and 5 larval trematode species . Sixteen of 20 (80%) wood frogs were infected with helminths. Mean species richnes and mean helminth abundanc e were 2.15 and 4.90, respectively. Eight of 15 (53%) spring peeper s were infected. Only 1 individual was infected by more than 1 helminth species and only 1 parasit e species infected more than 1 spring peeper . Low prevalence and intensities of helminths as well as low diversity within infracommunities sugges t depauperate , isolationist helminth communities in these 2 populations of anurans . This work represent s new records for 5 helminth species in Wisconsi n wood frogs and 3 helminth species in Wisconsi n spring peepers .

Helminth parasites of the osprey, Pandion haliaetus, in North America.

Abstract: A total of 28 species of helminths (17 trematodes , 3 cestodes , 7 nematodes , and 1 acanthocephalan) was recovered from 17 ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from the United States. Intensities of infection were low and no lesions were attributed to the parasites . Seven species appear to be specialist s in ospreys, 2 species generalist s in raptors, and the remainder generalists in other orders of fish-eating birds. Pandiontrerna rjikovi, Diasiella diasi, and Contracaecurn pandioni are reported for the first time from North America.

Oochoristica piankai sp. n. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) and other helminths of Moloch horridus (Sauria: Agamidae) from Australia

Abstract: Oochoristica piankai sp. n., a new linstowiid cestode, discovered in the smal intestine of the thorny devil, Moloch horridus, is described and illustrated. Sixteen specimens of Oochoristica piankai sp. n. were found in 8 of 104 (8%) Moloch horridus from Australia. Oochoristica piankai sp. n. differs from 3 other Australian species of Oochoristica from lizards in the number of testes and the shape of the ovary. The presenc e of the nematode Parapharyngodon kartana and an encysted larva of Abbreviata sp. are also reported. Moloch horridus represent s a new host record for P. kartana.

Helminths of the sonoran green toad, Bufo retiformis (Bufonidae), from Southern Arizona

Abstract: The gastrointestina l tracts, lungs, and urinary bladder s from 49 Bufo retiformis were examined. Five species of nematodes , Aplectana incerta, Aplectana itzocanensis, Oswaldocruziapipiens, Physaloptera sp. (larva), Rhabdias americanus, and one cestode, Distoichometra bufonis, were present . Aplectana incerta had the highest prevalence (61%) and greates t mean intensity (36.9). All represen t new host records for B. retiformis but are previousl y known from other southwester n deser t toads.

Gastrointestina l Helminths of the Anole Anolis oculatus (Polychridae) from Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Abstract: The gastrointestinal tracts of 20 Anolis oculatus from Dominica, West Indies were examined for helminths. Eight helminth species were present: Ascarops sp., Oswaldocruzia lenteixelrai, Parapha- ryngodon cubensis, Physaloptera sp., Spauligodon cub- ensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, Mesocoelium monas, and Centrorhynchus sp. Juvenile acanthocephalans (Cen- trorhynchus sp.) had the greatest prevalence (50%). Spinicauda spinicauda had the highest mean intensity (33.5). All are new host records for A. oculatus.

Acanthocephala from Arabian Gulf fishes off Kuwait, with descriptions of Neoechinorhynchus dimorphospinus sp. n. (Neoechinorhynchidae), Tegorhynchus holospinosus sp. n. (Illiosentidae), Micracanthorhynchina kuwaitensis sp. n. (Rhadinorhynchidae), and Slendrorhynchus breviclaviproboscis gen. n., sp. n. (Diplosentidae) ; and key to species of the genus Micracanthorhynchina

Abstract: Five species of acanthocephalans were collected from 14 species of Arabian Gulf fishes off the coast of Kuwait between 1993 and 1995. They are the following. (1) Neoechinorhynchus dimorphospinus sp. n. (Neoechinorhynchidae) from Allanetta forskali (Ruppell, 1828), Dorosoma nasus (Bloch, 1795), and Liza ma- crolepis (Smith, 1849). It is distinguished from the only other species of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles and Hassall, 1905, from fish with unequal proboscis hooks in the anterior circle, Neoechinorhynchus doryphorus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949, by having smaller terminal proboscis hooks and eggs. (2) Tegorhynchus holospinus sp. n. (Illiosentidae) from Leiognathusfasciatus (Lacepede, 1798), Leiognathus bindus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835), and Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1827). It is the only species of the genus with cuticular spines covering almost the whole trunk. (3) Micracanthorhynchina kuwaitensis sp. n. (Rhadinorhynchidae) from Hemi- ramphus marginatus Forskal, 1775. It has the largest number of proboscis hooks per row (13-15) compared to all other species of the genus. A key separating the latter species from the other 6 valid species of the genus is included. (4) Slendrorhynchus breviclaviproboscis gen. n., sp. n. (Diplosentidae, Allorhadinorhynchinae), from Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) and Leiognathus bindus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835). It has trunk spines that cover almost the entire body and 4 cement glands. The other 2 monotypic genera of the subfamily, Allorhadinorhunchus Yamaguti, 1959, with 2 cement glands and Golavanorhynchus Noronha, Fabio, and Pinto, 1978, with 6 cement glands, have spines in the anterior part of the trunk only. The diagnosis of the subfamily Allorhadinorhynchinae is emended. (5) Juveniles of Serrasentis sagittifer (Rhadinorhynchidae) were recovered from the body cavity of 6 fish species; all are new host records.

Parapharyngodon anomalus sp. n. (Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae) from the Australian echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus, with notes on the thelandroinae

Abstract: A new species of the genus Parapharyngodon, Parapharyngodon anomalus, is described from the Australian echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus This nematode is morphologically similar to 2 previously described species which occur in Australian reptiles This is the first report of a member of this genus occurring in amammal The significance of this finding is discussed

Parasitic helminths and arthropods from Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala) in Florida

Abstract: Forty-five Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala) from 5 locations in Florida were examined for parasites. Eleven species of helminths were identified and included 7 trematodes, 3 nematodes, and 1 cestode, all of which are new records for bats from Florida. The identification of the cestode Vampirolepis decipiens is the first record in the United States, and the identification of the trematode Ochoterenatrerna breckenridgei is a new record for Tadarida brasiliensis in the United States. The nematode Molinostrongylus delicatus was the most prevalent helminth collected (64%). Eight species of mites were identified, with Chirop- tonyssus robustipes being the most prevalent (100%). The mites Ewingana (Ewingana) longa, Dentocarpus macrotrichus, and Notoedres (Bakeracarus) sp. are reported for the first time infesting bats from Florida.

Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp. n. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the Mourning Gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae), from Hawaii

Abstract: Sixty-three Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp n were recovered from the large intestines of 26 of 283 adult Lepidodactylus lugubris collected from Hawaii Prevalence of infection was 9% (mean intensity 24, range 1-8) Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp n represents the thirtieth species of the genus and can be distinguished from all other species of Pharyngodon by the presence of a unique "bottle-shaped" egg This is the first report of the genus Pharyngodon from Hawaii

Immature Polyacanthorhynchus rhopalorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Polyacanthorhynchidae) in venton, Haplias malabricus (Pisces) from Moca Vie River, Bolivia, with notes on its apical organ and histopathology.

Abstract: Cystacanth s of Polyacanthorhynchus rhopalorhynchus (Diesing, 1851) Travassos , 1920 were discovered in the viscera of venton, Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) collected from the Moca Vie River at Las Palquitas, Bolivia. Apical probosci s organ and general morphological features were similar to but less developed than those of Polyacanthorhynchus kenyensis Schmidt and Canaris, 1967 cystacanth s from Africa. Cystacanth s of P. rhopalorhynchus were not deepl y embedded in liver tissue. A collagenous connective tissue capsul e surrounded and attached the cystacanth s to the liver surface. Necrosi s of hepatocyte s and subsequen t inflammatory respons e were observed near encapsu lated acanthocephalans . Cystacanth s attached to the intestine were encapsulate d in the fibroserosa.

Helminths of Mink, Mustela vison, and Muskrats, Ondatra zibethicus, in Southern Illinois

Abstract: Five species of helminths were detected in 50 mink, Mustela vison, and 3 in 50 muskrats, Ondatra zibethicus, taken between fall 1993 and fall 1995 from Randolph, Monroe, Washington, and Jackson counties in southern Illinois. Although both mammals share similar habitats and some common food items, their endoparasites were dissimilar. Species and prevalences of infection for mink included Capillaria putorii (34%), Dirofilaria immitis (2%), Filaroides mortis (62%), Molineus sp. (2%), and Paragonimus kellicotti (14%), whereas those for muskrats included Echinostoma trivolvis (42%), Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (18%), and Taenia taeniaeformis cysticerci (22%). All helminths from M. vison and T. taeniaeformis cysticerci from O. zibethicus in Illinois constitute new geographic locality records. Dirofilaria immitis in M. vison represents a new host record. Both the mink, Mustela vison Schreber, 1777, and the muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766, are widely distributed throughout most of North America. Mink occur in all parts of the contiguous United States with the exception of Arizona and inhabit most of Alaska and all of Canada south of the treeline except for the An- ticosti Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands (Banfield, 1974). The geographic distribution of muskrats extends from northern Mexico to northern Alaska and northern Canada. They are, however, absent in Florida and parts of extreme northern Alaska and Canada (Doyier, 1953; Lowery, 1974). Mink are well adapted for hunting both aquatic and terrestrial prey (Linscombe et al., 1982), whereas muskrats are chiefly herbivores (Bailey, 1937; Doyier, 1953). However, both feed on clams, crayfish, fish, frogs, and young birds, all of which may serve as intermediate hosts in par- asite transmission. Because mink and muskrats are carnivores and rodents, respectively, one would not expect them to have helminths in common, except when a muskrat serves as an intermediate host for adult helminths in mink. The purpose of the present study was 2-fold: (a) to ascertain the prevalence and intensity of helminths that infect both mink and muskrats in southern Illinois and (b) to determine whether these mammals share common helminths.

Parasitic helminths of the little blue heron, Egretta caerulea in southern Florida

Abstract: Twenty-four species of helminths, includ- ing 13 trematodes, 8 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans, and 1 cestode, were collected from 33 of 35 (94%) little blue herons (Egretta caerulea) from southern Florida. A mean of 2.6 (range 1-10) species of helminths per host was recorded. Seventeen species are new host re- cords, while 5 are reported from Florida for the first