Showing papers in "MOJ Food Processing & Technology in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , a review article has focused on the enzymatic hydrolysis (HE) of plant matrices (MV), the mechanisms of action of cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninases; the optimal process conditions most used to obtain products of interest; as well as some factors that reduce catalytic activity.
Abstract: This review article has focused on the enzymatic hydrolysis (HE) of plant matrices (MV), the mechanisms of action of cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninases; the optimal process conditions most used to obtain products of interest; as well as some factors that reduce catalytic activity. Based on the enzymatic mechanism, a compendium of the applications on different substrates is elaborated, with the idea of reorienting the current application of the hydrolysis of MV (biofuels) and providing an alternative for its use and obtaining compounds of added value. For example, the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity, of xylooligosaccharides and aromatic phenolic compounds from the hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the protein profile and amino acid composition of perch essence processed by high-pressure extraction compared with mackerel, and milkfish were analyzed and the inhibitory activities of three essences were determined against digestive enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the protein profile and amino acid composition of perch essence processed by high-pressure extraction compared with mackerel, and milkfish. The inhibitory activities of three essences were determined against digestive enzymes relevant to the metabolic syndrome such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. The results showed that perch essence exhibits the highest recovery by using the same extraction method for all three fish species. The amounts of all hydrolyzed amino acids, except histidine, were approximately double in perch compared with the other two fish. The perch essence contained the most abundant soluble protein and amino acids composition related to metabolic syndrome. In vitro anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-obesity potency of perch essence exhibited the highest among the three fishes. Although the amounts of free amino acids were similar in the three fish species, the molecular weight distribution from gel filtration chromatographic analysis indicated that perch essence contained 32.4% of peptides with a molecular weight of less than 2.3 kDa. This study suggested that naturally occurring bioactive peptides in perch essence might potentially serve as a good source of functional food supplements for metabolic syndrome.
TL;DR: In this paper , three vegetables taken considered as high dietary fiber to extract dietary fiber from them were analyzed and a product (muffin) was prepared separately for entire dietary fiber analysis.
Abstract: Dietary fiber is that part of plant material in our diet which is highly resistant to enzymatic digestion .It includes cellulose, hemicellulose, gums and mucilages. The diets which contains high content of dietary fiber include nuts, cereals fruits and vegetables. High dietary fiber intake protects from many chronic diseases like gastrointestinal tract problems, cancer, heart diseases and obesity. Fruits and vegetables contain great amount of dietary fiber in them and can be used in development of various products such as bakery, beverages and supplements. In the current project three vegetables taken considered as high dietary fiber to extract dietary fiber from them. Solanum lycopersicum, L. (Tomato), Brassica oleracea, L. (cabbage) and Ipomea batatas, (L.) Lam. (sweet potato) were analyzed. The chemical analysis of these vegetables fat%, ash%, moisture%, fiber%, protein% in addition to carbohydrate%. A product (muffin) was prepared of all these samples separately for entire dietary fiber analysis. The total dietary fiber of Brassica oleracea, L. (cabbage) was 7.21g, for Solanum lycopersicum, L. (tomato) was 6.43g and for Ipomea batatas, (L.) Lam. (sweet potato) the fiber content was 14.9g which shows that sweet potato has highest content of dietary fiber. It provides essential nutrients and helps to overcome the deficiency of dietary fiber in body as a baked product. It is formed as little cost supplement and available local source of vegetables.
TL;DR: In this paper , Instant Zobo drink (IZD) was prepared by evaporating and spray drying into powder the triple strength Zobo Concentrate prepared from the Purple and Red sorrel calyx varieties.
Abstract: In this research, Instant Zobo drink (IZD) was prepared by evaporating and spray drying into powder the triple strength Zobo Concentrate prepared from the Purple and Red sorrel calyx varieties; and both the samples (sample 414 is Red IZD) and (sample 424 is Purple IZD) were subjected to sensory evaluation using ten (10) panels of judges and data were subjected to t–test; and found that both samples of the IZD have similar sensory properties that were acceptable by the sensory panelists because the T-tabulated is 2.262, while all the T-calculated values were less than the T- tabulated value; hence, there was no significant difference between the both samples of the reconstituted instant Zobo drink (IZD), because values of T-calculated are not greater than the T-tabulated (P≥ 0.05). IZD was further subjected to functional, physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Both samples of IZD have similar properties in terms of all the conducted assessments. Also, IZD was found to be safe microbiologically for human consumption owing to the fact that both samples of the IZD recorded less than ten microbial cells counts.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the possibility of using agricultural futures as a means of hedging to minimize exposure to price risk in low-development countries (LDCs), where agricultural products play a prominent role and in which the process of market liberalization, which took place following the removal of state intervention, is determining an increasing exposure to prices volatility.
Abstract: This work discusses the possibility, or rather the effectiveness, of the use of agricultural futures as a means of hedging to minimize exposure to price risk. In particular, the analysis refers to "low-development countries" (LDCs), countries in which agricultural products play a prominent role and in which the process of market liberalization, which took place following the removal of state intervention, is determining an increasing exposure to price volatility. Knight's uncertainty is said to make both producers and speculators more risk averse, hence more conservative. In particular, when the futures price is well above the expected spot price (adjusted for the Knightian uncertainty), the optimal position for the producer is a total hedge of his production, while the optimal position for the speculator consists in not operating at all in the market. We can limit ourselves to observing that if a single producer and a single speculator operate in the market, the equilibria that can be reached are three: of complete exchange, of non-exchange and of partial exchange. The possibility of obtaining one of the three equilibria depends on the degree of risk aversion and the degree of Knightian uncertainty possessed by each of the two different subjects. Access to the capital market is a crucial element for the development of agriculture, both in the start-up phase and in the improvement phase. The search for new capital and new tools to facilitate market access requires a high degree of trust on the part of financial market operators, a trust that is often compromised by the low profitability of loans and the high risk associated with them. The exposure to risk of agricultural activities limits, in fact, the interest of traditional finance, reducing the availability of capital to the few remaining resources within the sector itself after the flight to more attractive alternative uses. Hence the need to introduce new financial and insurance techniques and services, such as to guarantee the agricultural sector the capital necessary for growth and, at the same time, attractive return opportunities for investors. Specifically, it is stated that one of the most profitable paths to follow in this regard is implementation within all EU member states of particular agricultural reforms that introduce risk management techniques in agriculture already successfully implemented by the U.S.A.1
TL;DR: In this article , the contents of total ashes and ethanol soluble substances were determined for propolis samples from species of two Meliponini genera: Melipona and Scaptotrigona.
Abstract: The contents of total ashes and ethanol soluble substances were determined for propolis samples from species of two Meliponini genera: Melipona and Scaptotrigona. All Melipona samples corresponded to geopropolis (propolis containing aggregated soil material), with ash contents above 40%. Only one species of Scaptotrigona was shown to produce geopropolis, but with ash content (12%) much lower than Melipona samples. In Melipona a high negative correlation was observed between ash and ethanol solubles. Not only aggregated soil may contribute to lower the content of ethanol solubles. It is hypothesized that wax content may have a similar influence.