Showing papers in "Mycopathologia Et Mycologia Applicata in 1953"
TL;DR: Experimental observations described here show that the immunization did not seem to preserve the life of the animal nor did it extend the survival time over that of the controles, the general impression being that it was not only ineffective but possibly deleterious.
Abstract: 1. The literature on the pathology and immunology ofCandida albicans is briefly reviewed. 2. Experimental methods and techniques used in this study are presented. 3. Experimental observations described here show that:
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mild to moderate moniliasis in mice was rendered more severe by periodic treatment with cortisone acetate, and the effect of the aqueous vehicle on such a severe monilial involvement was similar to that found with mildly infected mice.
Abstract: A mild to moderate moniliasis in mice was rendered more severe by periodic treatment with cortisone acetate. This enhanced severity of infection occurring in male and female animals was no greater, however, than could be atributed to the deleterious effect of the cortisoneper se, as evidenced by the results on uninfected animals treated similary with cortisone. Infected male animals treated periodically with the aqueous vehicle of cortisone revealed an enhanced severity of monilial involvement; female mice similarly infected and treated showed no modification of the severity of infection. A severe moniliasis induced by suspending theCandida cells in mucin was reduced in severity for male, but not for female mice by the same schedule of cortisone treatment as used above. The effect of the aqueous vehicle on such a severe monilial involvement was similar to that found with mildly infected mice. The possible significance of these observations are discussed.
10 citations
TL;DR: The complement fixation test was used to test the sera of rabbits with various homologous and heterologous antigens of the two fungi: yeast-phase, broth filtrates of the mycelial phase, and “purified” protein, and a definite cross-reactivity was observed.
Abstract: This study presents an immunologic comparison of the fungi,B. brasiliensis andB. dermatitidis, by serologic reactions in animals and in humans.
10 citations
TL;DR: Guinea pigs, hypersensitive to the homologous infecting fungus, reacted when skin tested with standardized broth filtrates and yeast-phase vaccines of the heterologous organism, and results were obtained in the limited number of human cases of North American blastomycosis.
Abstract: This study presents an antigenic comparison of the fungi,B. brasiliensis andB. dermatitidis, by intradermal reactions in animals and humans. Guinea pigs, hypersensitive to the homologous infecting fungus, reacted when skin tested with standardized broth filtrates and yeast-phase vaccines of the heterologous organism. Similar results were obtained in the limited number of human cases of North American blastomycosis when the yeast-phase vaccines were employed. A statistical method, the 50 per cent end-point, was utilized for standardizing broth filtrates of fungi to be employed as skin test antigens.
8 citations
TL;DR: The first step toward applying the auxin concept for Y ~ F formation, as previously propounded, in an at tempt to effect a yeast to mycMial (Y -+, M) transition of the yeastlike fungi in vivo, was to test the effects of some of the plant growth substances on mice systemically infected with Candida albicans.
Abstract: In a previous study (ScHERR, 1952) a number of compounds, including some au.xins, were examined for their ability to enhance yeast phase to filament formation (Y -+ F) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was speculated that auxins might be responsible for enhancing Y -+ F in yeasts and might serve to arrest multiplication of yeastlike pathogens in vivo for reasons which were discussed in the above paper. The first step toward applying the auxin concept for Y ~ F formation, as previously propounded, in an at tempt to effect a yeast to mycMial (Y -+, M) transition of the yeastlike fungi in vivo, was to test the effects of some of the plant growth substances on mice systemically infected with Candida albicans. The strong M ~ Y activity which occurs when an M phase yeastlike fungus invades the body is well known. C. albicans examined directly from infected tissues appears as oval, budding, yeastlike cells. Occasionally mycelial fragments are found, especially with material taken from infected kidneys (BENHAM, 1931; HoPKins, 193°). When mycelial growth occurs in vivo it usually does so late in the course of tile disease and prior to fatal termination. Fig. 1 (a, b, c) shows representative fields demonstrating the morphology of C. albicans cells from lesions in the kidney, omentum, and \"spleen, respectively, of infected mice. Mycelial formation has not yet occurred, but some Y + F activity is represented by the \"sprouting\" yeast cells. Fig. 2, on the other hand, representing conditions similar to those above except that the infection has progressed 6 times as long as in the first case, shows a marked mycelial dissemination. In the latter case, the possibility that the M ~ Y mechanism of the Candida cells has been affected seems remote, since M cells taken from an infected animal will revert to the Y phase at 37 ° C just as readily as M cells taken from a culture tube. It appears that some one or more of the bodily mechanisms responsible for M --> Y transformation have broken down. Except in the later stages of the disease, one or more mechanisms must be in operation
5 citations
TL;DR: It was not possible to protect mice from the lethal effects of a cold environment by using cortisone if the mice had previously been infected with moniliasis, and this was true whether the induced infection was a mild or severe one.
Abstract: 1. It was not possible to protect mice from the lethal effects of a cold environment by using cortisone if the mice had previously been infected with moniliasis. This was true whether the induced infection was a mild or severe one. 2. Only in female mice infected with moniliasis and treated with cortisone and STH was it possible to demonstrate a reversal of the deleterious effect of cortisone onCandida-infected mice. In female mice severely infected and treated with cortisone and STH, the mortality rate was less severe than that found for female mice infected with moniliasis and treated with cortisone or female mice infected but untreated. 3. Male mice severely infected profited from treatment with cortisone by showing a reduced mortality rate but this effect was completely reversed by treating infected male mice with cortisone and STH. 4. The significance and possible role of the interrelated factors of severity of infection, sex of animal, amount of cortisone and its dosage schedule, amount of STH and its dosage schedule, type of aqueous vehicle, and environmental temperature are discussed.
3 citations
TL;DR: Granule formation by Candida albicans in the internal organs of experimental animals is described, and it appears to be the first time such an observation has been made.
Abstract: 1. Granule formation byCandida albicans in the internal organs of experimental animals is described. This appears to be the first time such an observation has been made.
3 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: The present report is an account of the acti¢Jty in vitro of a more highly purified form of Nocardin, whose activity in vitro against four human strains of tubercle bacilli and their streptomycin resistant biotypes is reported herewith.
Abstract: In 1947 a new tuberculostatic antibiotic, Nocardin, was reported from the Aetinomycete, Nocardia coeliaca (Gray and Thornton) EMMONS. This was found to be active against human tubercle bacilli in vitro; to inhibit tubercle development on the chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick and to partially inhibit the loss of weight in tuberculous guinea pigs (1,2). A crude product extracted from the mycetium was later found to inhibit the development of tubercles in the lungs of tuberculous mice (3). These early findings on the tuberculostatic activity of Nocardin were later verified and the bacteriostatic action in vitro extended by LEVADITI (4) and LEVADITI and HENRY-EVENO (5). The present report is an account of the acti¢Jty in vitro of a more highly purified form of Nocardin. While as yet not in crystalline form, nevertheless, this fraction is water soluble and stable in solution over a two year period. Its activity in vitro against four human strains of tubercle bacilli and their streptomycin resistant biotypes is reported herewith.