Neurologia 

About: Neurologia is an academic journal published by Elsevier BV. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Stroke. It has an ISSN identifier of 0213-4853. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 4692 publications have been published receiving 32019 citations.

Mild cognitive impairment: transition between aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The concept of the boundary between normal aging and early Alzheimer's disease is a focus of a great deal of research in the field of aging and dementia. Presumably there is a continuum of function between normality and the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease. This transitional condition has been labeled mild cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment refers to individuals who have a memory impairment greater than what one would expect for age, yet general cognitive function is preserved. Similarly activities of daily living are normal. However, the memory function of these individuals is abnormal for age and education. These subjects do not meet criteria for Alzheimer's disease. When mild cognitive impairment subjects are followed longitudinally, they tend to convert to clinically probable Alzheimer's disease as a rate of 10-15% per year. This is in contrast to normal elderly subjects who will develop Alzheimer's disease at a rate of 1-2% per year. Certain predictor variables are available to determine which subjects are more likely to progress at a rapid rate. Mild cognitive impairment is an important topic for research in aging and dementia and has also become the subject of several multicenter treatment trials.

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Abstract: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most frequent cause of primary degenerative dementias, following Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nosologic situation of this disease has fragile limits. There is controversy as to whether Parkinson's disease (PD) and DLB are two different entities or whether they make up part of the same spectrum. The terms diffuse Lewy bodies disease and the variant of Lewy bodies in senile dementia or AD have been used to describe pathologic changes with clinical manifestations of dementia and parkinsonism. At present, DLB should be understood as an entity with the essential feature being the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain stem and cerebral cortex. From the point of view of clinical examination, DLB is characterized by the presence of subcortical or progressive cortical dementia, at times without severe memory disorders, with great fluctuations and well detailed recurrent visual hallucinations. These cognitive alterations are associated with parkinsonism. Other frequent disorders are falls, syncopes, transitory alterations in consciousness, great sensitivity to neuroleptic drugs and visual illusions with pseudoperception. The correct diagnosis of this entity is important to administer adequate treatment, to avoid classical neuroleptic drugs and to establish precise prognosis. From a therapeutic point of view, cholinesterase inhibitors show some efficacy in the treatment of cognitive alterations.

Prevalencia e incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa: metaanálisis

Abstract: Resumen Introduccion La enfermedad de Alzheimer es el principal tipo de demencia y una enfermedad de etiologia desconocida. Con el aumento de la poblacion anciana mundial, el numero de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer muestra una tendencia de crecimiento rapido. El objetivo de este metaanalisis es evaluar la prevalencia e incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa. Metodologia La busqueda de articulos se realizo en las bases de datos Medline, Scopus y CINAHL Complete utilizando las palabras claves «Alzheimer», «Alzheimer's disease» y «AD», combinadas con «prevalence», «incidence» y «epidemiology». Se utilizo el modelo bayesiano de efectos aleatorios, mostrando intervalos de credibilidad del 95%. Para estimar la heterogeneidad se uso el estadistico I2. Resultados La prevalencia de enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa fue 5,05% (IC del 95%, 4,73-5,39). La prevalencia por sexo en los hombres y las mujeres fue 3,31% (IC del 95%, 2,85-3,80) y 7,13% (IC del 95%, 6,56-7,72), respectivamente, y se encontro una tendencia creciente por grupos de edad. La incidencia de enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa fue 11,08 por 1.000 personas-ano (IC del 95%, 10,30-11,89), siendo en los hombres y las mujeres de 7,02 por 1.000 personas-ano (IC del 95%, 6,06-8,05) y 13,25 por 1.000 personas-ano (IC del 95%, 12,05-14,51), respectivamente, con igual tendencia creciente con el aumento de la edad. Conclusiones Los resultados del metaanalisis permiten una mejor comprension de la enfermedad y su impacto en Europa.

[Apathy in Parkinson's disease].

Abstract: Introduction Apathy is a behavioural syndrome due to dysfunction of the process that gives rise to actions induced by external or personal stimuli. Apathy is very common in Parkinson's disease, with a prevalence that ranges between 16–48%. Three subtypes of apathy are currently accepted, which are anatomically and functionally different: cognitive, emotional and due to a deficit in auto-activation. Each of these subtypes is involved to a variable degree in the apathy of Parkinson's disease. The diagnosis is supported by clinical, diagnostic and neuropsychological tests. The evaluation of the apathy must be done simultaneously along with with depression cognitive deficit. Conclusions Apathy has become a very important symptom to bear in mind in Parkinson's disease patients as it has significant repercussions on the quality of life of the patient. It is very important to do a differential diagnosis with the depression and the cognitive deficit since the therapeutic approach is different. Specific scales to measure this symptom should be included in the evaluation protocols of cognitive function in Parkinson's disease.

Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis.

Abstract: Background A disease of unknown aetiology, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. As the elderly population grows worldwide, the number of patients with AD also increases rapidly. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of AD in Europe. Methodology We conducted a literature search on Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete using the keywords “Alzheimer”, “Alzheimer's disease”, and “AD” combined with “prevalence”, “incidence”, and “epidemiology”. A Bayesian random effects model with 95% credible intervals was used. The I 2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity. Results The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe was estimated at 5.05% (95% CI, 4.73-5.39). The prevalence in men was 3.31% (95% CI, 2.85-3.80) and in women, 7.13% (95% CI, 6.56-7.72), and increased with age. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe was 11.08 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 10.30-11.89). Broken down by sex, it was 7.02 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 6.06-8.05) in men and 13.25 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 12.05-14.51) in women; again these rates increased with age. Conclusions The results of our meta-analysis allow a better grasp of the impact of this disease in Europe.