Showing papers in "PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural in 2003"
TL;DR: The relationship between tourism and processes of development and social transformation are more nuanced and varied than previous 'theo-theoretical' models in tourism have recognised as mentioned in this paper, and they are more complex and varied in the sense that there are relations of community, consumption, production and place.
Abstract: This paper outlines the case for the analysis of tourism, power and place in the development process from a critical sociological perspective. It draws on recent trends in the sociology of develop- ment to develop existing theoretical models in a manner which transcends the more rigid dualisms be- tween structure and agency on the one hand, and, the concerns of power and identity on the other. As in recent works from noted scholars such as Picard and Wood (1997), the relationship between tourism and processes of development and social transformation are more nuanced and varied than previous 'theo- retical' models in tourism have recognised. Hence, this paper examines the issue by considering four major thematic areas of relevance to the study of tourism and its diverse relationships to processes of social change: the relations of community, consumption, production and place.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to debate the former-on ideas, and if it is considered that they have some interest, to incorporate them and to contrast them, global or partially, to the elaboration processes and administration of tourist-patrimonial projects.
Abstract: As they say some pages web, this text is in construction, not so much because it is unfinished as for its own nature like reflection instrument and work that it should allow to differ, to debate the former-on ideas, and if it is considered that they have some interest, to incorporate them and to contrast them, global or partially, to the elaboration processes and administration of tourist-patrimonial projects. To these effects, the ideas, be already critical or mandatory, they are exposed in their maximum nakedness, without any allusion to the casuistry and lacking the support of a learned apparatus, so that they can be this way more easily integrated and evaluated in the context of the experience of each one. He/she has always been interested to debate and to propose arguments for the debate, thing that now facilitate the media that the computer science has put in our hands vastly.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the tourist flow is attributed to the culture, the patrimony and cultural legacy of the towns, what activates tourist flow towards a destination, and the destinations and those that want to become destinations are dressing out and toiling in order to attract more and more visitors.
Abstract: Tourist growth is attributed, each time more habitually, to the cultural offer of the destina- tions. That idea is in some way true, but is it really the culture, the patrimony and cultural legacy of the towns, what activates the tourist flow towards a destination? The destinations and those that want to become destinations are dressing out and toiling in order to attract more and more visitors. Their success will depend on the success of their attractiveness. In this task, the resource use becomes intensive. Envi- ronment, leisure, sports, spaces, events of any nature and, of course, the local culture are useful for such an end. However, except those designed explicitly for the tourist, not all the resources are able to be presented, contemplated and understood in their complexity. They should be adapted for a repetitive, quick, interesting and simple use, ready for a glance, not for reading. This makes possible that for the same place, event or patrimonial device may exists different versions, several arguments according to the target groups and uses. From this point of view, would exist a cultural patrimony that could be activated, promoted and consumed or not, exclusively due to economic interests linked to tourism development.
42 citations
TL;DR: The tourism is dynamic as mentioned in this paper, tourists want nature and culture, not only sun and beach, and new tourists and new products (Cultural tourism) appear (see Fig. 2 ).
Abstract: The tourism is dynamic. At the present time, the tourists want nature and culture, not only sun and beach. New tourists and new products (Cultural tourism) appear. To analyze some of these conse- quences is objetive of this article.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a historical analysis of the background and evolution of the concept of development and the limits to development, supported by links with economic science, thus pervading all social sciences The assumptions of developmentalist theories, the so-called modernization theories, are shown and identified as traditional, conservative and consensual, thus differing from critical theories which adopt the assumptions of historical materialism.
Abstract: portuguesEsse texto apresenta uma analise historica da origem e evolucao do conceito de desenvolvimento Os limites do desenvolvimento se justificam pelo vinculo a ciencia economica, quando deveriam perpassar todas as ciencias sociais Mostra os pressupostos das teorias desenvolvimentistas, chamadas teorias da modernizacao, identificadas como tradicionais, conservadoras e consensuais, diferenciando-se das teorias criticas que adotam os pressupostos do materialismo historico Verifica os aspectos das teorias da globalizacao que remete a novas abordagens do desenvolvimento, quando o turismo passa a ser um elo do local com o global Explica como e por que desenvolvimento e um processo desigual e combinado O subdesenvolvimento e uma decorrencia do ajuste estrutural que determina concentracao de riqueza e renda, gerando a pobreza como expressao extrema da desigualdade social Mostra que desenvolvimento so se da quando todas as pessoas sao beneficiadas, quando atinge a escala humana e que o turismo tanto pode se vincular ao crescimento economico concentrado, como promover o desenvolvimento social, o chamado desenvolvimento local EnglishThis paper is a historical analysis of the background and evolution of the concept of development and the limits to development, supported by links with economic science, thus pervading all social sciences The assumptions of developmentalist theories, the so-called modernization theories, are shown and identified as traditional, conservative and consensual, thus differing from critical theories which adopt the assumptions of historical materialism The paper examines those aspects of globalization which pertain to new approaches to development, whereby tourism becomes a link between the local and the global The study explains how and why development is an unequal and joint process Underdevelopment is a result of the structural adjustments which determine concentration of wealth and income, generating poverty as the ultimate expression of social inequality It is shown that development only takes place when people benefit, when a human scale is reached, that tourism can both connect with concentrated economic growth and promote social development, otherwise known as local development
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a short analysis of the use of the expression sustainable tourism at internet sites of different international and Brazilian organizations to find out that none of them is of much help to evaluate the sustainability of community based tourism projects.
Abstract: The present study first makes a short analysis of the use of the expression Sustainable Tourism at internet sites of different international and Brazilian organizations to find out that none of them is of much help to evaluate the sustainability of community based tourism projects. This is why we adopt the criteria which the German NGO “Studienkreis fur Tourismus und Entwicklung” (Study Group of Tourism and Development) uses to judge candidates for the TODO prize. The prize is awarded each year to two or three communities considered worthy of the title Socially Responsi-ble Tourism. The case study shows how a com-munity occupying a small stretch of beach since 1870, develops its principal activity which is fish-ing and at the same time writes some pages of history thanks to the spirit of adventure of its population, while suffering the aggression of real estate speculators who sense a million dollar busi-ness on the land where the humble fisher-families live. The study looks at the community, which, with the support of NGO´s and a human rights defense group not only resists the speculators, but looks for the way of sustainability. For them tour-ism means not only complementary income to fishing, but also a way to show that communities with strong village organizations and support from well meaning volunteers can develop tourism, challenging government view that tourism is for business. Income from tourism stays and circu-lates in the community generating economic ac-tivities. We also see how tourism developed by the community within its eco-system helps to raise awareness for nature of the population, at the same time recovering and strengthening cultural expression and diversity, lifting self-esteem of this traditional population, called Jangadeiros.
16 citations
TL;DR: In the last decades, the development patterns in the Canary Islands have changed the uses of maritime and littoral areas as mentioned in this paper, instead of traditional activities linked to fishing, now tourism and recreation are the core of the new uses.
Abstract: In the last decades, the development patterns in the Canary Islands have changed the uses of maritime and littoral areas. Instead of traditional activities linked to fishing, now tourism and recreation are the core of the new uses. Nature, constructed or re-created, is now a key feature of many tourist des- tinies. In this context, marine protected areas attempt to preserve areas with special biological values from fisheries overexploitation, offering tourist and recreational uses compatible with conservation and following a general tendency all around the world. In the Canary Islands they constitute one of the most important measures of fisheries management and nature preservation. Nowadays there are three marine reserves in the Archipelago. The normative of marine protected areas limit professional fishing activities, and also drive forward tourism, especially scuba diving, involving relevant social impacts in the communities nearby. Also, those communities have had to confront many different impacts induced by tour- ism or aquaculture, changing economic strategies or the use of social spaces in land or at sea.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an exploratory study identifies and interprets several questions based on a survey of 82 hotel and travel agency managers in the Canary Islands, who express their views about current and future developments in the sector.
Abstract: The international tourism transport sector is facing profound changes in its structure, particu- larly where tour operators and travel agencies are concerned. New reservation distribution systems (GDS and CRS) and interactive television systems are setting new guidelines for the sector. The worldwide platform of the Internet has created a new context, which is rapidly emerging and becoming ever more dynamic. For this reason, travel organisations should explore the proliferation of management tools that facilitate the establishment of new competitive strategies and positioning in an increasingly volatile area, with new products and forms in both demand and supply. This exploratory study identifies and interprets several questions based on a survey of 82 hotel and travel agency managers in the Canary Islands, who express their views about current and future developments in the sector.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a research held at Blumenau City (Santa Catarina, Brazil) where ethnic tourism is proposed, on the grounds of part of the population's German background.
Abstract: Tourism planners believe that cultural tourism can provide good profits with minor environ- ment and social impacts. Nevertheless, cultural tourism planning is not so easy to handle. Using” mate- rial and symbolic culture as an attractive needs participation, respect and study of the history of host society. This article presents a research held at Blumenau City (Santa Catarina, Brazil) where ethnic tourism is proposed, on the grounds of part of the population’s German background. The aims is to es- tablish a link between demolition or abandonment of many historic or “typical” houses with the so called “revival of German culture” a project issued from the city council without community participation or agreement.
10 citations
TL;DR: In fact, el turismo historicamente siempre ha sido un fenomeno social relacionado con la cultura, pues a menudo ha contribuido a su reestructuracion.
Abstract: Resumen es: El turismo historicamente siempre ha sido un fenomeno social relacionado con la cultura, pues a menudo ha contribuido a su reestructuracion. Sus impacto...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of a segmentation study carried out on a representa- tive sample of the tourist market for the island of La Palma (Canary Islands) in early 2002.
Abstract: The Canary Islands have traditionally been a destination for mass tourism, a fact that is not, how- ever, necessarily incompatible with a growing trend towards segmentation in tourist markets. In fact, the experience of other traditional destinations, like the Balearic Islands, shows that the two trends can take place at the same time. This article presents the results of a segmentation study carried out on a representa- tive sample of the tourist market for the island of La Palma (Canary Islands) in early 2002. More specifi- cally, we cross demand segments and services to study a possible imbalance between tourist expectations for the services offered and the services that are actually contracted in the destination. The segments studied were: nationality (German and Spanish), income and type of establishment; and the services studied: excur- sions, recreational activities in general and sports activities in particular. The results show that the best posi- tive response to the destination is found for excursions for both nationalities. For the other services offered, however, (recreational activities and more specifically sports activities), the response differs substantially from one nationality to another, suggesting that the destination in general is in a better position to cover the contracting expectations of Spanish domestic tourism. In summary, the results of the study lead us to con- clude that the cultural factors associated with nationality have the strongest influence on defining tourist service consumer behaviour..
TL;DR: Canary Islands are an example of developed region and clerk of the tourism, from the sixty (tourism of sun and beach). From then on until the present time they have happened enough changes.
Abstract: Canary Islands are an example of developed region and clerk of the tourism, from the sixty (tourism of sun and beach). From then on until the present time they have happened enough changes. At the moment it is tried to supplement their offer with the rural tourism and the cultural tourism. To outline some reflections about the cultural tourism, especially the difficulties of their management, it is the ob- jective of this article.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the relationship between tourists and their environment from the perspective of the antropologia ecologica and apply it to the context of cultural tourism.
Abstract: espanolLas relaciones que se establecen entre los diversos tipos de turistas y los habitantes de los lugares visitados han originado una serie de caracteristicas culturales que son, hoy en dia, objeto de estudio de los antropologos. Ahora bien, no podemos obviar otro tipo de relaciones que son de gran interes para la comprension de los cambios que se estan produciendo a causa del turismo: el contacto de los individuos con su medio. La modificacion de ecosistemas, a fin de promover y facilitar la expansion turistica, ha influido directamente en los modos de vida de las distintas comunidades receptoras de turismo, cambiando, ademas de su entorno, la forma de relacionarse con el. Por tanto, la investigacion sobre el turismo se beneficiara del conocimiento que se obtenga de la interaccion entre seres humanos y su ambiente. Se plantea el estudio desde el ambito de la Antropologia Ecologica y su aplicacion al Turismo Cultural. EnglishThe relations that bind to diverse types of tourists and to the inhabitants of the visited places have originated a series of cultural characteristics that are, nowadays, subject of study by the anthropologists. However, we cannot to obviate another type of relations that are of great interest for understanding the changes that are taking place because of the tourism: the people’s relations with their environment. The modification of the ecosystems, whose objective is to promote and to facilitate the tourist expansion, it has influenced directly the ways of life of the different receiving communities from the tourism, changing, in addition to its surroundings, the form in that they are related to it. In this paper the study of those questions is approached from the frame of the Ecological Anthropology and its application to the Cultural Tourism.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the importance of the anthropologic study of tourism and its influence, as a social institution, on the collective memory of the inhabitants of a community, from a "popular narratives" study viewpoint.
Abstract: When we think about tourism as a social phenomenon that influences many levels of a com- munity's life, and it being an institution legitimized by society, we can define it as a social institution, one that brings new and important options for building the modern world, for besides being a source of income for many sectors and an acceptable lifestyle for others, it provides elements such as distraction, leisure and fun, that have started to be directly related to the social, economical and psychological devel- opment of people, communities and even nations. Whit this paper, I want to highlight the importance of the anthropologic study of tourism and its influence, as a social institution, on the collective memory of the inhabitants of a community, from a "popular narratives" study viewpoint. Likewise, it views tourism as a social phenomenon where the movements, travels and discretional income (i.e. unconstrained in- come that is not used to cover basic necessities), are considered as another element of the social, eco- nomical and psychological life of the characters involved in order to found its study on an interdiscipli- nary perspective. Finally, the study of a community's collective memory permits a more deep knowledge of its thoughts and feelings about the different aspects influencing the population's lives. In this manner, we can see what and how is affecting the people, trough their own narrations..
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a part-nership between samba schools and the sector of educational tourism in order to foster the promotion and economic and social emancipation of the communities that, for several decades, have been creating the most beautiful popular spectacle of the world.
Abstract: Educational and cultural tourism has become a growing activity lately. It allows us to join pleasure with the experience of knowing different cultures and exercising our citizenship rights. Samba schools, which are much more than just a beautiful plastic-musical spectacle, represent the history of resistance of the Brazilian people against exclusion and stereotypes. In addition, due to their aesthetic beauty and cultural power, samba schools are a valuable cultural asset. Therefore, there should be a part- nership between samba schools and the sector of educational tourism in order to foster the promotion and economic and social emancipation of the communities that, for several decades, have been creating ‘the most beautiful popular spectacle of the world’. However, the majority of these communities are not allowed to have access to the wealth that is created by them.
TL;DR: The Sertanejo Tourism is a leisure form based in the natural landscape, in the cultural heritage and in the social development of the interior areas of the Brasil as discussed by the authors, and it has as main objective to promote the inte- grated understanding of the environment in their multiple and complex relationships, involving the aspects physical, biological, social, economical, technological, cultural, scientific and ethical.
Abstract: The Sertanejo Tourism is a leisure form based in the natural landscape, in the cultural heritage and in the social development of the interior areas of the Brasil. In virtue of its character natural, social, cultural ecological and landscape, the Sertanejo Tourism interferes in the perspective environmental development/preservation of the interiors of the Country. It has as main objective to promote the inte- grated understanding of the environment in their multiple and complex relationships, involving the aspects physical, biological, social, economical, technological, cultural, scientific and ethical. In a quite synthetic way, it can be said that the Sertanejo Tourism interferes in the category of exotic tourism, a mixed of agro-ecotourism, with emphasis in the valorization of the regional cultural identity and in the improvement of the conditions of the local community's life..
TL;DR: In this paper, the objects and artifacts role at the educational process of the populations, as well as their responsibility in the reconstruction of the cultural identity of the communities are discussed, and the authors explain how museums, especially the local museums, can make and mantain the link between the institution itself and the Community, mainly the young people.
Abstract: The present article, talks mainly about the objects and artifacts role at the educational process of the populations, as well as, their responsibility in the reconstruction of the cultural identity of the communities. Because the Museum is the best place for conservation, study and perpetuation of the material culture, the article explains how museums, especially the local museums, can make and mantain the link between the institution itself and the Community, mainly the young people. Analized and proved are also some small but, at same time big events, occured in Portugal, where through the artifacts and the Portuguese Trades, I’ve been showing that adult and young people are sensitive and attracted to this subject.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of tourism as a content that reveals the new forms of organization and appropriation of the amazon territory is highlighted, and three community experiences of tourism, two of the researches were carried out starting from questionnaires and the third with fielwork.
Abstract: portuguesO trabalho em questao procura evidenciar o papel do turismo como um conteudo que revela as novas formas de organizacao e apropriacao do territorio amazonico. As diferentes formas de valorizacao da natureza vem determinando uma articulacao de interesses entre atores sociais que representam poderes representantes de escalas espaciais diversas como as populacoes locais, poder municipal e cooperacao internacional. O turismo tem sido um meio que representa esses valores sobre a natureza. Valor de conservacao, valor de sobrevivencia, valor de reserva, valor de mercado. O turismo nas cidades amazonicas, ou o turismo representado pelos hoteis de selva, ou o turismo praticado nas unidades de conservacao e finalmente o turismo desenvolvido a partir das organizacoes comunitarias apoiadas pelas Organizacoes nao Governamentais, todas essas modalidades configuram-se como uma forma de valorizacao e valoracao da natureza amazonica, cada qual com seus interesses e motivacoes. Destacamos ainda tres experiencias comunitarias de desenvolvimento do turismo, duas delas as informacoes foram geradas a partir de questionarios e a terceira de forma presencial. EnglishThis study tries to evidence the role of tourism as a content that reveals the new forms of organization and appropriation of the amazon territory. The different forms of nature appraisement are determining an articulation of interests among social actors that represent powers of diverse space scales, such as local populations, municipal councils and international cooperation. The tourism has been a media that represents those values on the nature. Conservation value, value of survival, reservation value, market value. The tourism in the amazon cities, the tourism represented by the forest hotels, the tourism practiced in the conservation units and finally the tourism developed from community organizations supported by the non Government Organizations, all are modalities configured as a valuation form of the amazon nature, each one with their interests and motivations. We highlight three community experiences of tourism, two of the researches were carried out starting from questionnaires and the third with fielwork.
TL;DR: The European Commission will continue its efforts to promote local social and economic development as mentioned in this paper, which is in many cases directing these infrastructures is as follows: to create, activate, or to put in value those patrimonial infrastructure in order to attract tourism and therefore unpunished.
Abstract: For a number of years we have been witnessing a proliferation of activities and the implementation of patriotic and museum projects throughout the Basque Autonomous Community. It could be said that in every municipality, be it large, medium or small, there is a desire to dis- place a museum or some patrimonial infrastructure, at least. One logic, if not the only one, which is in many cases directing these infrastructures is as follows: to create, activate or to put in value those patrimonial infrastructures in order to attract the tourism and therefore unpunished The European Commission will continue its efforts to promote local social and economic development.
TL;DR: In this article, the attitude of 15 tourism executives interviewed to complete a press report published by the newspaper La Provincia of Palmas de Gran Canarias city was examined.
Abstract: espanolEn este articulo se examina el comportamiento, a traves de las opiniones, de 15 entrevistados por el Diario La Provincia de la ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Mediante la tecnica del Analisis de Contenido se analiza el verdadero significado de la crisis turistica que se habia presentado en esa isla del archipielago canario. El resultado muestra, que los entrevistados, con responsabilidades en la toma de decisiones, minimizan la cuota de culpa que les pertenece sobre la crisis turistica y la sobreoferta de alojamientos y tratan de convencer a los lectores, que esa responsabilidad pertenece a otros sectores, y no a las decisiones internas y a factores externos relacionados con la comercializacion del “producto turistico” de Las Palmas por parte de los Tour-Operadores extranjeros. Se confirma, en parte, la hipotesis, que muchas veces: “lo que se trasmite produce la sensacion que se oculta algo o que no se dice toda la verdad ”. EnglishThis article examines the attitude of 15 tourism executives interviewed to complete a press report published by the newspaper La Provincia of Palmas de Gran Canarias city. Using the techniques of content analysis, it aims to investigate the real emaning of tourism’s crisis that was unfolding on the island Gran Canaria. The findings show that the interviewed executive, all of ehom work on a decision making level, minimize their share of responsability for the tourism’s crisis and for the oversupply of tourism accommodations. They also try to persuade the readers that the responsibility for this crisis should attributed to other sectors and not to the internal decisions and the external factors related to the commercialization of the Canarian “touristic product”. The postulated hypothesis that “what is transmitted is the feeling that something is being held back and not everything is said” can be thus generally confirmed.
TL;DR: Palavras chaves as mentioned in this paper states that tourism historicamente sempre foi um fenomeno social relacionado a cultura, pelo fato de que muitas vezes contribui a reconstrucao.
Abstract: Resumo: O Turismo historicamente sempre foi um fenomeno social relacionado a cultura, pelo fato de que muitas vezes contribui a sua reconstrucao. Seus impactos foram positivos e ou negativos e por esta razao seu desenvolvimento em diferentes paises foi controvertido onde sua presenca foi maior. A funcao protetora e de socializar a cultura foram importantes no desenvolvimento turistico por seculos e nivelam no presente com maior razao. A unica maneira de gerar politicas no turismo cultural esta gerando as primeiras investigacoes de base para descobrir os impactos positivos e para tomar decisoes consequentes. Palavras chaves: Tourism cultural; Impactos do tourism; Politicas no tourism cultural; Reconstruction da cultura
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address questions about the public use activities carried out in the Anavilhanas Ecological Station and surrounding area and suggest that are needed to make people aware and to qualify to achieve the environmental, social, cultural and economical sustainability.
Abstract: This thesis addresses questions about the public use activities carried out in the Anavilhanas Ecological Station and surrounding area. The theory grounding this researching is based on the analysis of this activities in four communities - Costa do Araras, Jaraqui, Terra Preta e Cuieras -, located near this protected area. In spite of the legal limitations regulating its use, this frequently occurs due to demand. The research results suggest that are needed to make people aware and to qualify to achieve the environmental, social, cultural and economical sustainability..