Showing papers in "Polymer Science Series C in 2016"
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art in the field of polymeric materials that can degrade under environmental conditions into environmentally harmless compounds is reviewed in this paper, where it is shown that the most efficient method for the production of such materials involves the creation of composites based on synthetic and natural polymers, in particular polysaccharides.
Abstract: The state-of-the-art in the field of polymeric materials that can degrade under environmental conditions into environmentally harmless compounds is reviewed. It is shown that the most efficient method for the production of such materials involves the creation of composites based on synthetic and natural polymers, in particular polysaccharides. Studies performed at the Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, have demonstrated that biodegradable composites consisting of various polysaccharides with LDPE and polylactide may be obtained by an ecologically pure solid-phase method under the action of high-temperature shear deformation.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of interaction between functional groups of macromolecules and ions/surfaces of metals in the control over the processes of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles is exemplified.
Abstract: This review is concerned with the synthesis of hybrid materials in solutions, suspensions, and gels of polyelectrolytes with emphasis being placed on the role of interaction between functional groups of macromolecules and ions/surfaces of metals in the control over the processes of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles. The use of several macromolecules carrying nonionogenic groups for the effective control over the sizes and shapes of nanoparticles is exemplified. As the main method for the synthesis of metal nanostructures in colloidal systems, a method based on the reduction of metal ions is discussed. Mechanisms and conditions determining the assembly of metal–polymer nanocomposites of various architectures in polyelectrolyte matrixes and organized polymer systems are considered.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review is presented on a multiscale approach to the simulation of nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polymers that includes calculations using quantum-chemical methods and molecular dynamics simulations with the use of full-atomic and mesoscopic models.
Abstract: A literature review is presented on a multiscale approach to the simulation of nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polymers that includes calculations using quantum-chemical methods and molecular dynamics simulations with the use of full-atomic and mesoscopic models. Common problems arising during the multiscale simulation of thermoplastic nanocomposites and the ways to solve them are discussed. The results of studies of the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic nanocomposites obtained via the simulation with consideration for the detailed chemical structures of components are given.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the synthesis of nanocomposite materials based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and graphite nanoplates via polymerization filling is developed.
Abstract: A method for the synthesis of nanocomposite materials based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and graphite nanoplates via polymerization filling is developed. Polyethylene formed during the synthesis evenly coats individual nanoplates; as a result, there is a uniform distribution of graphite nanoplates in the polymeric matrix. It is shown that the introduction of graphite nanoplates results in significant increases of the elastic modulus and deformation heat resistance and causes a sharp decrease in the gas permeability of the material.
13 citations
TL;DR: The composite-in-composite structure gives rise to the enhancement of dissipation properties of the polymer matrix in particular and to an increase in the crack resistance of the carbon plastic in general as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Polyimides (PIs) crystallized from melts are promising thermally stable, heat-resistant plastics with high destruction viscosities. Nanocomposites that in turn serve as matrixes for carbon plastics can be obtained on the basis of PIs filled with carbon nanoparticles of various structures and morphologies. The presence of the composite-in-composite structure gives rise to the enhancement of dissipation properties of the polymer matrix in particular and to an increase in the crack resistance of the carbon plastic in general.
13 citations
TL;DR: The physicomechanical properties of polymer composites based on aramide fibers that are obtained by the wet-spinning technique with the use of epoxy binders are discussed in this article.
Abstract: The physicomechanical properties of polymer composites based on aramide fibers that are obtained by the wet-spinning technique with the use of epoxy binders are discussed. The chemical structures of reinforcing fibers and components of epoxy binders; the microstructures, surface structures, and some properties of aramide fibers; and the processes of manufacturing high-strength reinforced composites on their basis are described. Some product samples made of these composites are presented. The investigated reinforcing materials possess high tensile strengths and tensile moduli, which make it possible to obtain products with a high level of operational characteristics on their basis.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of current approaches to the description of concentration changes in the glass-transition temperatures of these systems is performed, and the morphology of the surface layer in materials with nanoparticles and its effect on the characteristics of materials are discussed.
Abstract: Data from recent studies of polymer composites with nanosized silica particles are considered. A comparative analysis of current approaches to the description of concentration changes in the glass-transition temperatures of these systems is performed. The morphology of the surface layer in materials with nanoparticles and its effect on the characteristics of materials are discussed. The surface layer of a composite is represented as a shell including both the polymer and the external part of the filler. A conditional division between the functions of the external layer and the nanoparticle core makes it possible to determine in a first approximation which characteristics of the matrix and the filler have an effect on the properties of nanocomposites.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, combined solutions of cellulose and an acrylonitrile-based copolymer in N-methylmorpholine-Noxide have been prepared for the first time, new composite fibers have been formed, and the properties of the solutions and fibers under standard conditions and during thermal treatment have been studied.
Abstract: Combined solutions of cellulose and an acrylonitrile-based copolymer in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide have been prepared for the first time, new composite fibers have been formed, and the properties of the solutions and fibers under standard conditions and during thermal treatment have been studied. On the basis of studying the phase state and morphological peculiarities of combined cellulose solutions with polyacrylonitrile additives, it has been shown that the completed solutions make emulsions in the entire range of investigated concentrations. The rheological behavior of combined solutions changes with temperature. With the use of IR spectroscopy methods, it has been found that the addition of polyacrylonitrile to cellulose results in the association of nitrile groups with hydroxyl groups of cellulose, which favors the cyclization of CN groups during heating and the appearance of polyconjugated bonds in polyacrylonitrile chains. Thermal transformations of cellulose and polyacrylonitrile in the course of mixed-fiber carbonization have been studied via DSC and TGA. It has been shown that polyacrylonitrile inhibits the dehydration processes in cellulose and reduces the intensity of the peak due to the first stage of the structural rearrangement, i.e., acts as a “catalyst” of pyrolysis.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of controlled radical polymerization via the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer mechanism is used to synthesize LC polymers with functional terminal thiol groups, which are used to create composites containing gold nanoparticles at a concentration of up to 40 wt % and capable of LC ordering.
Abstract: A method of controlled radical polymerization via the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer mechanism is used to synthesize LC polymers with functional terminal thiol groups. These polymers are used to create composites containing gold nanoparticles at a concentration of up to 40 wt % and capable of LC ordering. The structural, thermodynamic, and optical properties of the composites are studied. It is shown that the spatial separation of mesogenic groups and groups responsible for the binding of a macromolecule with nanoparticles makes it possible to considerably widen the concentration range of nanoparticles while preserving the LC state of the composites.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, structural features and physicochemical properties of promising diamond-containing modifier fillers for industrial polymers, namely, detonation nanodiamonds and diamond soot, are considered.
Abstract: Structural features and physicochemical properties of promising diamond-containing modifier fillers for industrial polymers, namely, detonation nanodiamonds and nanodiamond soot, are considered. Experimental results demonstrating the possibility to create prepregs with the use of the carbon fabric 1.5 К and a detonation-diamond soot-modified binder based on the epoxy-resin mixture Epikote828/Epikote154 with an anhydride-type curing agent are presented. The rheological characteristics of the diamond-sootmodified binder remain practically the same after storage for 2 or 3 days at room temperature. The dependence of the glass-transition temperatures of the binders on the content of diamond soot in the concentration range 0.025–0.1 wt % is studied, and the correlation between these results and the mechanical characteristics (breaking strength, flexural strength, and crack resistance) of the cured binders is ascertained. Within the entire range of diamond-soot concentrations, the parameters of gelation are determined and the activation energies of this process are calculated.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of metal-polymer nanocomposites in various fields of engineering is exemplified and methods of preparing nanomaterials and their structures and electric and magnetic properties are discussed.
Abstract: Publications concerning metal–polymer nanocomposites based on polyconjugated polymers and magnetic nanoparticles that have been published mostly over the last decade and a half are analyzed. Methods of preparing nanomaterials and their structures and electric and magnetic properties are discussed. The use of metal–polymer nanocomposites in various fields of engineering is exemplified.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of composite fibers and films based on polyacrylonitrile is analyzed, and it is shown that the introduction of carbon Nanotubes makes it possible to improve the mechanical characteristics of the composite material.
Abstract: The effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of composite fibers and films based on polyacrylonitrile is analyzed. It is shown that the introduction of carbon nanotubes makes it possible to improve the mechanical characteristics of the composite material. Data on the effect of carbon nanotubes on chemical reactions occurring during the thermal stabilization and carbonization of these materials are cited.