Showing papers in "Psyccritiques in 2005"
30 citations
TL;DR: In the introduction to Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century, the author declares that the experiments described in her book "deserve to be not only reported on as research, but also celebrated as story" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the introduction to Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century, the author declares that the experiments described in her book “deserve to be not only reported on as research, but also celebrated as story” (p. 3). It is unfortunate that in telling these stories, too much of the science that is also part of the story is sacrificed. The book focuses on personalities and personal anecdote with little substantive discussion of the great experiments that are the stated subject of the book. Though interesting, provocative, even controversial, these stories of the great experiments are incomplete and distorted. The saving grace of the book may be that it forces us to ask: What is a great experiment?
11 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) as discussed by the authors is a 360-degree assessment tool designed to help individuals measure their leadership competencies, while guiding them through the process of applying The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership model to real-life organizational challenges.
Abstract: The Leadership Practices Inventory ® (LPI) is a 360-degree leadership assessment tool designed to help individuals measure their leadership competencies, while guiding them through the process of applying The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership model to real-life organizational challenges. After completing the LPI assessment, participants receive a Feedback Report that focuses on behaviors related to The Five Practices and compares their view of themselves to that of raters (observers) who have been given the opportunity to evaluate and comment on their observable behaviors.
10 citations
TL;DR: The behavior therapy tradition has recently been described as consisting of three generations, or “waves” (Hayes, 2004) as mentioned in this paper, which were motivated by dissatisfaction with the psychoanalytic approaches to psychotherapy that prevailed in the 1950s.
Abstract: The behavior therapy tradition has recently been described as consisting of three generations, or “waves” (Hayes, 2004). The first of these began with treatments based on the scientific study of behavior and learning in laboratory settings and was motivated by dissatisfaction with the psychoanalytic approaches to psychotherapy that prevailed in the 1950s. Early landmarks in the first wave of behavior therapy include Wolpe's (1958) Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition, which described treatment techniques based on the principles of classical conditioning, and Skinner's (1953) Science and Human Behavior, which argued for a reconceptualization of psychotherapy in behavioral terms. The first recorded use of the term behavior therapy occurred in a paper by Lindsley, Skinner, and Solomon (1953), who described the use of reinforcement with psychotic patients (cited in O'Leary & Wilson, 1987). First-generation behavior therapy methods, including operant conditioning, skills training, and exposure-based procedures, have excellent empirical support and remain in widespread use.
TL;DR: Energy psychology is holistic and is based on the premise that the human brain is throughout the entire body as mentioned in this paper, and the main principle of energy psychology is that psychological problems have a counterpart in the client's energy system and can be treated at that level.
Abstract: Energy psychology is holistic and is based on the premise that the human brain is throughout the entire body. The main principle of energy psychology is “Psychological problems have a counterpart in the client's energy system and can be treated at that level” (p. 17). The goal of energy psychology is not to remove all symptoms, but to restore the balance of an individual intrapsychically, interpsychically, and within his or her family and social system. Signaling a paradigm shift, energy psychology is not interested in insight but in the neurology of change.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define different kinds of volunteerism, by highlighting its current contribution to the enlargement and strengthening of civic society participation, and present the different clusters apparently characterizing of the Italian organized volunteerism are presented: a) altruistic, as responsive to the needs of a community or of disadvantaged categories, and other groups of people; b) expressive and participatory, as oriented to the strengthening of civil society participation.
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to define different kinds of volunteerism, by highlighting its current contribution to the enlargement and strengthening of civic society participation. To address this issue the findings of the 2011 Italian census on nonprofit institutions will be discussed. According to the frame established in the State of the World’s Volunteerism Report (United Nations, 2011), the definition adopted in the Italian Census includes all activities, unpaid and not-compulsory, finalized at common good or helping people and activities engaged by volunteers to reach the goals of the organizations they are involved in. Within the nonprofit institutions enumerated in Italy in 2011 (about 301 thousand) operate 4,759 million volunteers (+43.5% in comparison with 2001) which are acting both in the traditional sectors of the welfare state (health, social services, international co-operation) and in the sectors where participatory actions are generated (culture, sports and recreation, environment, civic and advocacy organizations, promotion of economic, social and community development, cultural and environmental patrimony protection, common goods advocacy). Using statistical indicators based on Census results, the different clusters apparently characterizing of the Italian organized volunteerism are presented: a) altruistic, as responsive to the needs of a community or of disadvantaged categories, and other groups of people; b) expressive, as responsive to socialization and individual expression needs; c) participatory, as oriented to the strengthening of civic society participation that encourages various forms of active citizenship, finalized to advocate the rights and the common goods, to support some social issue and public policy campaigns , etc. 1. Nonprofit institutions and volunteers’ socio-demographic characteristics Italian nonprofit institutions which operate with volunteers are 243,482, equal to 80.8% of total nonprofit institutions, up to 10.6% from to 2001 (year of the last census survey in the sector). The nonprofit relies on the working contribution of 16 volunteers on average, which may vary by the activity sector. Nonprofit institutions with volunteers range in size from extremely large to extremely small. The modal class is represented by nonprofit institutions with 3-9 volunteers. 8% of total institutions counts on a large number of volunteers (more than 50) (Fig. 1).
TL;DR: The Essentials of WPPSI-III Assessment as discussed by the authors is an excellent resource for those practicing psychological assessment with children and goes beyond the basic theory and scoring to help the clinician better understand the application of clinical data.
Abstract: The book Essentials of WPPSI-III Assessment, by Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger and Alan S. Kaufman (see record 2004-12444-000), provides valuable information to the pediatric psychologist. This book delivers practical information in an efficient and accessible format. The ease of reading is a noted strength, and it capitalizes on a straightforward and concise presentation. In a time when test revisions seem prolific and the resulting consumer reaction can border on cynicism, the revision of the WPPSI-R (Wechsler, 1989) is indeed justifiable and a vast improvement over its predecessor. Essentials of WPPSI-III Assessment is an excellent resource for those practicing psychological assessment with children. It accompanies the manual provided in the WPPSI-III and goes beyond the basic theory and scoring to help the clinician better understand the application of clinical data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
TL;DR: This paper reviewed counseling Latina/Latino Clients, a video narrated by Patricia Arredondo that is from the American Psychological Association Psychotherapy Videotape Series V.1.
Abstract: Reviews Counseling Latina/Latino Clients, a video narrated by Patricia Arredondo that is from the American Psychological Association Psychotherapy Videotape Series V. Explaining and teaching the subtleties of effective counseling and psychotherapy techniques can be a challenge. An even greater chall
TL;DR: The Origins of the Social Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and Child Development, edited by Bruce J. Ellis and David F. Bjorklund as mentioned in this paper, is a volume that covers the evolutionary perspective on child development, not your typical Freudian, Jungian or Piagetian view of how a child grows and develops.
Abstract: Having taught child development for over 10 years, I have found that very few books cover a systemic approach to child development. Origins of the Social Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and Child Development, edited by Bruce J. Ellis and David F. Bjorklund, is a volume that covers the evolutionary perspective on child development, not your typical Freudian, Jungian, or Piagetian view of how a child grows and develops. This text takes the stance that child development is predicated on biological or genetic explanations. Essentially, evolutionary psychology combines the fields of biology and cognitive psychology. As Bjorkund and Ellis point out, very little attention has been paid to the application of evolutionary psychology to the field of child development.
TL;DR: People have known and experienced the power of talking and relating to other human beings since the earliest recorded times, and healing or reparative talk in the context of a relationship was most frequently placed within religious practices.
Abstract: People have known and experienced the power of talking and relating to other human beings since the earliest recorded times. In ancient times, healing or reparative talk in the context of a relationship was most frequently placed within religious practices. Also, Hippocrates, in his injunctions to physicians, emphasized the healing nature of maintaining a patient’s privacy and implementing honest and straightforward communication with patients.
TL;DR: In this article, Sales and Shuman focus on the standards that judges use to decide whether to admit expert testimony in court and deconstruct the goals of the Federal Rules of Evidence (1974).
Abstract: What do the courts want from expert testimony, and how do judges assess professed expertise? These questions form the core of this meticulously written and thought-provoking book on the role of expert evidence in courts of law. Rather than presenting a criticism of the abuses of expert testimony (Hagen, 1997), a practical guide to the task of being an expert witness (Brodsky, 2004), or an overview of issues in a specific subfield of psychological expert testimony (Ceci & Hembrooke, 1998), Sales and Shuman are concerned primarily with the standards that judges use to decide whether to admit expert testimony in court. To begin their analysis, they deconstruct the goals of the Federal Rules of Evidence (1974). Their attention focuses particularly on Rule 102, which governs the admissibility of evidence in federal courts, and on Rule 702, which concerns whether proffered experts should be allowed to testify. Because both rules have been adopted by most state courts, their analysis has broad applicability.