Showing papers in "Psyche in 1981"

Myrmecophilic Relationship of Pella (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) to Lasius fuliginosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract: A large number of staphylinid beetles are closely associated with ants and termites (for review see Wilson 1971, Kistner 1979). Those species living with ants are commonly called myremcophiles. At least a few (Atemeles, Lomechusa) have \"broken\" the communication code of their host species and are thereby able to become completely integrated in the social system of the ants (H611dobler 1967, 1970, 1971). In an attempt to understand the evolutionary pathways of this highly specialized social parasitic behavior, we studied closely related staphylinid species that do not live within the ant society but instead occupy the foraging trails and garbage dumps of an ant nest. Many of such myrmecophilous staphylinids can be found with the formicine ant Lasius fuliginosus and most of them belong to the genus Pella. Apparently these beetles are not endowed with the behavioral repertory that would enable them to live within the ant colony, although they seem to have a close ecological association with ants (H611dobler 1972). Kistner (1971) redefined the genus Zyras and raised the former subgenus Pella to generic rank. The first behavioral observations concerning Pella (=Zyras, Myrmedonia) were published by Wasmann (1886, 1930). He stated that these beetles feed on dead or disabled ants, but that they also lie in wait near the entrance and hunt ants returning to the nest. Furthermore, Wasmann pointed out that because of their generalized and primitive structure these beetles can be regarded as close to the ancestral forms from which some of the more specialized staphylinid myrmecophiles were derived.

Laboratory Evaluation of Within-species, Between-Species, and Parthenogenetic Reproduction in Reticulitermes flavipes and Reticulitermes virginicus

Abstract: Considerable interest currently exists regarding the reproductive strategies of social insects (Blum and Blum, 1979; Crozier, 1979). Among termites (Order Isoptera) colony foundation by alate pairs, fusion of existing colonies, splitting of existing colonies, and parthenogenesis have all been reported (Nutting, 1969). Little information is available regarding the relative importance of each of these strategies. The genus Reticulitermes (Rhinotermitidae) contains six Nearctic and twelve Palearctic species, three of which have been critically examined for reproductive modes. Pickens (1932) and Weesner (1956) studied colony foundation of R. hesperus Banks by male + female dealate pairs, as well as by parthenogenesis. Buchli (1950) studied similar strategies for R. lucifugus Rossi. Clement (1979) studied interspecific hybridizationof R. santonensis Feytaud and R. iucifugus. More limited studies on colony foundation by male + female dealate pairs of R.flavipes (Kollar) were conducted by Beard (1974). Field studies with R. flavipes (Howard and Haverty, 1980) suggest that an important reproductive strategy for this species is colony splitting with subsequent production of numerous (several hundred) neotenic reproductives. However, sizeable alate flights are also a prominent feature of the biology of Reticulitermes spp. and

Ecology and Life History of the Rhytidoponera Impressa Group(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) I. Habitats, Nest Sites, and Foraging Behavior

Abstract: The ponerine ants of the genus Rhytidoponera constitute a rich assemblage of species, widespread throughout Australia, with lesser representation in Melanesia and adjacent regions (Brown, 1958; Wilson, 1958). On the Australian mainland they have collectively occupied a broad range of habitats, and often rank among the more abundant members of an ant community. Considerable interest centers on the unusual habit, apparently widespread in the genus, of reproduction by mated "workers" in lieu of a morphologically differentiated dealate queen (Brown, 1953, 1954; Whelden, 1957, 1960; Haskins & Whelden, 1965). The Rhytidoponera impressa group consists of a small, distinctive cluster of species occurring in mesic habitats (mostly rainforest and wet sclerophyll) along the east coast of Australia and in New Guinea. Until recently, the impressa group was thought to comprise no more than three species, all reproducing by means of distinct winged queens (Brown, 1953, 1954; Haskins & Whelden, 1965). However, recent studies of systematic relationships and colony structure in the impressa group have revealed the presence of at least 5 closely related species and the occurrence of reproduction by both queens and mated workers (Ward, 1978, 1980). There is a notable paucity of detailed ecological studies on rainforest ponerines in general, and there have been no extensive field studies on Rhytidoponera. This paper summarizes information on habitat and nest site preferences, colony densities, and various aspects of foraging, in the impressa group. A second paper describes life cycle and reproductive patterns (Ward, 1981).

Maternal Behavior and Alarm Response in the Eggplant Lace Bug, Gargaphia solani Heidemann (Tingidae: Heteroptera)

Abstract: Maternal behavior in the eggplant lace bug, Gargaphia solani Heidemann (Tingidae: Heteroptera) was first reported by Fink (1915). He described the female’s guarding of the eggs and shepherding of the nymphs from leaf to leaf. G. solani is found on the native horse nettle (Solanum carolinense) and on the introduced eggplant (Solanum melongena). Overwintering adults appear in late spring, and females lay eggs in circular masses on the underside of leaves. Fink reported that the number of eggs is greater than 100, oviposition lasts 4 to 5 days, and the incubation period is about 6 days. Maternal care persists through the development of the nymphs, and the life cycle is approximately 20 days. Females observed in this study usually laid less than 100 eggs over a period of 3 to 4 days (Kearns 1980). Maternal behavior has been reported for a number of heteropterans (Melber and Schmidt 1977) and for two other species of the genus Gargaphia: Gargaphia tiliae (Weiss 1919, Torre-Bueno 1935, Sheeley and Yonke 1977) and Gargaphia irridescens (Torre-Bueno 1942). These accounts give few details. The maternal behavior of G. solani has much in common with that exhibited by treehoppers (Membracidae: Homoptera)(Wood 1974, 1976a, 1976b, 1977 and Hinton 1977). The complex behavior patterns of membracids and of G. solani suggest that aggregations of these insects depend upon a

Zur Behandlungstechnik bei psychosomatisch schwer gestörten Patienten

Abstract: Beschrieben wird ein (uber acht Jahre mit zwolf Patienten erprobtes) zweistufiges therapeutisches Verfahren, das fur Kranke geeignet ist, die – auf der Basis einer »Grundstorung« – schwerste psychosomatische Symptome zeigen. Die erste Etappe der Behandlung zielt darauf ab, durch geduldige Stutzung der Patienten ihnen ein Nachreifen zu groserer Ichstarke zu ermoglichen. Erst danach ist eine klassische psychoanalytische Therapie moglich.

The Emigration Behavior of Two Species of the Genus Pheidole (Formicidae: Myrmicinae)

Abstract: Colony emigrations are common among ants (Wilson 1971) and occur for a diversity of reasons. However, except for the legionary ants, in which colony emigrations are an inherent part of the foraging ecology (Wilson 1971), and species which inhabit delicate and easily disturbed nests (H611dobler and Wilson 1977, M6glich 1979), emigrations are thought to occur infrequently. Here we present evidence that two species of the genus Pheidole, P. desertorum Wheeler and P. hyatti Emery, emigrate frequently under environmentally stable conditions. We further advance the hypothesis that the surplus nests resulting from these emigrations, reduce the secondary losses which occur as a consequence of the panic-alarm defense these species employ against army ants of the genus Neivamyrmex, by serving as temporary shelters and centers for colony reorganization.

Die »Beziehungsrealität« Schizophrener

Abstract: Vorgestellt wird der familientherapeutische Ansatz zum Verstandnis und zur Behandlung von Schizophrenie. Dem Therapeuten kommt in diesem Rahmen vor allem die Aufgabe zu, den »malignen Clinch«, zu dem die Interaktionen der Familienangehorigen entartet sind, aufzubrechen, d.h. die seither indiskutablen Familiengeheimnisse, Delegationen, Loyalitaten, Krankungen und Ausbeutungssituationen zur Sprache zu bringen, um auf diesem Wege die Beziehungsrealitat der Familie tu reformieren.

Die Präsenz des Dritten in der Psychoanalyse. Zur Problematik der Fremdfinanzierung

Abstract: Der Autor diskutiert den seit einigen Jahren schwelenden Konflikt zwischen denen, die krankenkassenfinanzierte psychoanalytische Behandlungen befurworten, und denen, die diese Regelung mit der Begrundung ablehnen, sie sei mit den Heilungszielen der Psychoanalyse unvereinbar. Dabei kommt er zu dem Schlus, das die »reine« Analyse, von der Freud sprach, eine normative Vorstellung ist, die von der Realitat psychoanalytischer Behandlungen permanent dementiert wird: Die stete Prasenz des Dritten in der Analyse – die Prasenz der Gesellschaft und sozialer Wertvorstellungen bei Analytiker und Patient – ist ein Faktum, das die Frontstellung Eigenfinanzierung-Fremdfinanzierung als der Sache unangemessen erscheinen last. Vielmehr pladiert der Autor dafur, die Problematik auf technischer Ebene anzugehen, weil sie nur hier sachlich und mit Aussicht auf Losungen zu diskutieren sei. Ohne die Widerspruche und Schwierigkeiten, die sich aus der Kassenfinanzierung ergeben, zu vernachlassigen, kommt der Autor zu dem Resultat, das die Psychoanalyse allein um den Preis gesellschaftlicher Isolation und therapeutischer Stagnation – was am Beispiel der Situation der Psychoanalyse in den USA gezeigt wird – auf Fremdfinanzierung verzichten kann.

Notes on the Population Ecology of Cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in the Cuesta Angel Forest Ravine of Northeastern Costa Rica

Abstract: Several previous field studies of cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in Costa Rica have revealed that different sympatric genera and species often exhibit allochronic (seasonal) annual adult emergence patterns and habitat associations (Young 1972; 1974; 1975a; 1976; 1980a,b,c; 1981a,b,c). Most of these studies concerned cicadas associated with lowland tropical forest and the Central Valley regions of Costa Rica, although one study in particular (Young 1975) examined some aspects of the population ecology of cicadas in a mountain forest. Because different species, and sometimes genera, of cicadas are found in different climatic and geographical regions of Costa Rica (Young 1976), it is necessary to examine the population ecology of these insects in as many of these ecological zones as possible. This paper summarizes an ecological survey of the cicadas thriving in the steep and very rugged forest ravine known as \"Cuesta Angel\" in the Central Cordillera of northeastern Costa Rica. The information reported here complements the studies of cicadas in other ecological zones of Costa Rica, although by no means does as extensively owing to the difficulties working on the very steep slopes of the ravine. It is shown tentatively that (a) the cicada fauna of this region includes at least two species not discussed or found in the other regions studied, (b) the resident species exhibit different annual emergence patterns, and (c) nymphal skins of several species are distributed at very low densities and in association with various genera and species of leguminous canopysize trees in the ravine habitat.

Zur Problematik der Übertragung in der Psychose in Abgrenzung zur Neurose

Abstract: Anhand von zwei Fallskizzen wird die Differenz zwischen Neurose und Psychose wie folgt bestimmt: Neurotiker leiden an verdrangten Reminiszenzen (die selbst schon sprachlich verfast sind). Psychotiker leiden an abgespaltenen Interaktionsmustern, die, erinnerungsunfahig, sich in Reduplikationen geltend machen.

Was ist eine Deutung

Abstract: Erklarungen fragen nach den Ursachen eines Verhaltens, objektivieren, Deutungen fragen nach den Motiven eines Handelns, subjektivieren. Deuten gehort zu unserem Alltagsverhalten, die psychoanalytische Ausbildung vermag es nur zu kultivieren.

Behavioral Origin of Tremulation, and Possible Stridulation,in Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract: Introduction Abdominal vibration or \"jerking\" in connection with courtship behavior has been described for several green lacewing species (e.g. Smith 1922; Toschi 1965; Tauber 1969; Sheldon and MacLeod 1974) and explored in detail by Henry (1979, 1980a, b, c). In Chrysoperlo cornea (Stephens) isolated individuals produce long, patterned sequences of discrete short bursts of rhythmic vibration of the abdomen in the vertical plane. The wings may also vibrate. Sexually receptive pairs establish duets of reciprocal abdominal jerking. Actual drumming of the abdomen on the substrate does not occur. It had been assumed that abdominal vibration produces high-frequency sounds by stridulation (Adams 1962, Riek 1967, Eichele and Villiger 1974, Henry 1979) and acoustical communication was discussed in connection with the tympana1 ultrasound receptor organ described by Miller (1970, 1971). Courtship and copulation take place on the vegetation, usually on the underside of leaves. Henry (1980a, c) in his work with Chrysoperla spp. demonstrated that communication is performed via low-frequency substrate vibration and not by airborne sound. Males were able to establish duets with females within a range of 15 cm. According to Henry (1980a, b, c), differences in the vibration patterns of Chry-

Zur Theorie der psychoanalytischen Psychotherapie

Abstract: Kernberg unterscheidet zunachst scharf zwischen psychoanalytisch-aufdeckenden und stutzend-zudeckenden Verfahren. Die letzteren finden Anwendung, wo eine Psychoanalyse kontraindiziert ist. Schwere Charakterstorungen und Borderline-Personlichkeiten machen eine psychoanalytische Psychotherapie erforderlich, die sich weniger in der Taktik (Technik) des Vorgehens als vielmehr in der Behandlungsstrategie von der »eigentlichen« Psychoanalyse unterscheidet. Es geht dabei primar um die deutungsvermittelte Umwandlung primitiver (Teil-Objektbeziehungen spiegelnder) Ubertragungsreaktionen in typisch neurotische. Im Hinblick auf weitverbreitete Misverstandnisse betont Kernberg, das die »Empathie« Voraussetzung der Deutungsarbeit ist, nicht deren Ersatz.

Die Idealbildung in der Generationenfolge

Abstract: Gemessen am historisch erreichten Niveau des Kulturprozesses waren Ideologie und Praxis der Nazi-Bewegung ein Ruckschritt. Die Horigkeit der vielen Millionen von Gefolgsleuten wurde nach der Niederlage des Regimes verleugnet. Zweideutige Elternvorbilder und defiziente Ichideale sind das psychische Erbe, das die Folgegeneration vielfaltig belastet.

Historical development of bee foraging patterns in central new york state

Abstract: markedly in the past few centuries The impetus for this change came largely from human activities, notably from introductions of foreign species and modifications of the regional flora Several bee species, most notably the honey bee (Apis mellifera), were introduced into this region (Crane 1975; Linsley 1958) Honey bees can powerfully influence the foraging patterns of native bees (Pearson 1933; Eickwort and Ginsberg 1980) Replacement of forests over large areas by cities and farms (Ferguson and Mayer 1970; Vaughan 1929) and numerous introductions of alien plant species (Wiegand and Eames 1925) have resulted in major changes in northeastern plant communities How broad were these changes and how have they influenced the foraging ecology of northeastern bees? What was this area like before the European settlers arrived? The answers to these questions are vital to an understanding ofcontemporary bee foraging patterns and of community level interactions between flowers and their pollinators The purpose of this paper is to describe some general trends in the foraging patterns of Apoidea in central New York State, and to interpret them in terms of the historical development of the flora and bee fauna of the region

Zur Psychopathologie und psychoanalytischen Behandlung einiger Borderline-Patienten

Abstract: Im Gegensatz zu Kernberg, der eher dazu neigt, Borderline-Patienten mit einer modifizierten psychoanalytischen Standardtechnik zu behandeln, um eine Krise in Gestalt einer sog. Ubertragungspsychose zu vermeiden, ist Rosenfeld der Ansicht, das eine sich einstellende Ubertragungspsychose beim Patienten keineswegs eine Katastrophe sein mus, die zum Abbruch der Behandlung fuhrt, sondern das sich daraus neue Perspektiven fur die analytische Arbeit eroffnen konnen. An einigem Fallmaterial zeigt der Autor, das die Ubertragungspsychose den zwingenden Wunsch zum Ausdruck bringt, gemeinsam mit dem Analytiker als einem neuen Objekt eine bessere Losung von Kindheitsproblemen zu finden.

Abdominal Trophallaxis in the Slave-Making Ant, Harpagoxenus americanus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract: Abdominal trophallaxis refers to the passage of fluids from t h e abdominal tip of one individual to the mouthparts of another. I t is common among lower termites (Kalotermitidae and Rhinotermitidae) where it functions in the vital transmission of intest inal flagellates to newly molted individuals. However, it has rarely b e e n documented among ants (Wilson, 1971, 1976). By strict definition, the term abdominal trophallaxis should be applied only w h e n alimentary fluid is being transmitted (Wilson, 1971). Nevertheless, in practice, the origin of the fluid is often unknown, at least initially. Indeed, in all cases where this behavior has been described in a n t s , the fluid is either suspected of being, or has since been shown to be, ovarian in nature. For example, workers of certain Eciton spec ies (Dorylinae) readily feed from droplets secreted from the tip of t h e queen's abdomen, but this behavior has been observed only d u r i n g egg-laying bouts (Schneirla, 1944; Rettenmeyer, 1963). So-called \"proctodeal feeding\" has also been described among the Dol i choderinae (Dolichoderus quadripunctatus, Tapinoma erraticurn and Iridomyrmex humilis) (Torossian, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 ). However, at least in the case of D. quadripunctatus, the fluid h a s been identified as the yolky remnants of abortive trophic e g g s (Torossian, 1978, 1979). Among the Myrmicinae, Zacryptocerus varians exhibits a similar behavior which is also thought to be associated with egg-laying (Wilson, 1976). This paper reports an unusual and interesting case of abdominal trophallaxis in colonies of the socially parasitic myrmicine ant, Harpagoxenus americanus. 1 have followed Wilson (1976) and tentatively applied the t e r m abdominal trophallaxis, because the origin of the fluid is unknown. H. americanus is an obligatory slave-maker and forms m i x e d colonies with members of certain Leptothorax species in ea s t e rn

Spaziergänge eines Borderline-Patienten? Zu Peter Handkes "Die Stunde der wahren Empfindung" (1975)

Abstract: Moser erkennt in Gregor Keuschnig, dem Helden von Peter Handkes »Die Stunde der wahren Empfindung«, einen typischen Borderline-Patienten.

Zur Dimensionierung psychotherapeutischer Kompetenz

Abstract: Das im folgenden vorgestellte Konzept will dazu beitragen, psychotherapeutische Kompetenz transparent und lehrbar zu machen.

Zur Behandlungstechnik bei Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen

Abstract: Anders als bei neurotischen Patienten, die uber genugend entwickelte kognitive und sonstige Ich-Funktionen verfugen, um ein stabiles Arbeitsbundnis zwischen Therapeut und Patient zu gewahrleisten, ist die therapeutisch-analytische Ausgangsbasis im Falle von Patienten mit Borderline-Storungen von vornherein problematischer. Was eine erfolgversprechende Behandlung solcher Patienten angeht, die zu intellektualisierender oder mythologisierender Abwehr neigen, so pladiert Kernberg fur behandlungstechnische Neutralitat und rasche Deutung von Ubertragungen, um den Patienten vor destruktivem Agieren zu bewahren. Aufgrund der chaotischen innerpsychischen Erfahrungen von Borderline-Patienten hat der Analytiker vor allem die Aufgabe, die Ich-Funktionen des Patienten zu starken und zu stabilisieren – nicht freilich dadurch, das man »hier und jetzt« Bedurfnisse befriedigt, die »dort und damals« frustriert wurden, sondern dadurch, das der Patient dahin gebracht wird, gegenuber fruhen Frustrationen eine realistische Haltung einzunehmen.

Über die diagnostisch-therapeutische Funktion von Erstgesprächen in einer psychotherapeutischen Ambulanz

Abstract: Unter dem Aspekt des Versorgungsauftrags einer psychotherapeutischen Ambulanz gibt es keine »ergiebigen« oder »unergiebigen« Patienten, sondern nur geeignete oder ungeeignete Gesprachstechniken im Erstinterview. Die Autoren erortern eine Reihe technischer Gesichtspunkte, die fur Diagnostik, Konsultation und Abschlus des Erstgesprachs von Bedeutung sind, wobei die Probleme des Gesprachsauftrags, des situationsgerechten Einsatzes diagnostischer Mittel und der Fokussierung der Konsultation im Mittelpunkt stehen.