Showing papers in "Psyche in 1986"

A synonymic generic checklist of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Abstract: The present work is an extension of a similar list in Carpenter (1983), and arose from preparatory work for a phylogenetic analysis of nearctic potter wasp genera (Carpenter and Cumming, 1985). The most recent available world list of genera is over 80 years old (Dalla Torre, 1904), and fully 57% of the genus-group names currently used in the Eumeninae have been proposed since Bluethgen (1938; for more detail on the history of eumenine taxonomy see Carpenter and Cumming, 1985). The following checklist includes all the currently recognized genera of Eumeninae sensu Carpenter (1981), with their synonyms and subgenera. The arrangement is alphabetical based upon most recent usage, and incorporates the decisions pertaining to eumenine generic nomenclature rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) in Opinions 747 (1965), 893 (1970) and 1363 (1985). The format is basically that of Krombein et al. (1979). The original citations are followed by the type species designation. Synonyms, and subgenera with their citations and synonyms, are listed after this; the nominotypical subgenera are not listed separately. Where two dates are listed, the first is the true date of publication, whereas the date listed in parentheses is that printed on the paper. A misspelling is indicated by (!), and quotation marks are used for incorrect names. No effort has been made to list all misspellings; only those occurring in works considered important. Nomenclatural changes derive from ongoing work on a catalog of neotropical eumeninae (with J. van der Vecht) and a generic reclassification of this group" Neodiscoelius Stange is a junior objective synonym of Protodiscoelius Dalla Torre (new synonymy); Cephalastor Soika is raised to genus (new status), and its type species, Hypalastoroides depressus Soika, synonymized with Odynerus relativus Fox. In addition, type species are designated for

Functional Queens in the Australian Greenhead Ant, Rhytidoponera Metallica: (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract: In most species of the Indo-Australian ant genus, Rhytidoponera, deciduously winged queens are rare or absent, their place being taken by reproductively functional workers (Whelden, 1957, 1960; Haskins & Welden, 1965; Ward, 1981, 1984; Pamilo et al., 1985). A polygynous colony structure, with several mated workers in lieu of a queen, is the normal mode of colony organization in the common Australian greenhead ant, Rhytidoponera metallica F. Smith (Whelden, 1960; Haskins & Whelden, 1965; Haskins & Haskins, 1983), and queenright colonies of this species have not been reported. A few alate or dealate females are known in collections, and Haskins & Whelden (1965) noted the sporadic production of alate queens in laboratory colonies of R. metallica. However behavioral observations by these authors suggested that the queens had lost the ability to found colonies. In this paper I document the occurrence of functional queens in R. metallica, describe colony foundation and growth under laboratory conditions, and discuss the significance of occasional queen production in this species.

A Presumptive Pheromone-Emitting Structure in Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Abstract: The occurrence of pheromones in lycosid spiders has long been indicated on behavioural grounds. (For a review on chemical communication in spiders, see Tietjen and Rovner 1982.) There are bioassay evidences for (1) contact sex pheromones deposited on the substrate by females (Bristowe and Locket, 1926; Rovner, 1968; Hegdekar and Dondale, 1969; Richter et al., 1971; Dijkstra, 1976; Robert and Krafft, 1981), (2) contact sex pheromones associated with draglines laid by females (Kaston, 1936; Engelhardt, 1964; Richter et al., 1971; Dondale and Hegdekar, 1973; Tietjen, 1977, 1979b; Tietjen and Rovner, 1980; Robert and Krafft, 1981), (3) contact sex pheromones associated with female integument (Kaston, 1936), and (4) airborne sex pheromones given off by females (Tietjen, 1979a). Candidates for contact pheromone perception are chemosensitive hairs occurring on legs and palps. The number of these hairs is considerably increased in adult males in comparison to immatures and adult females (Tietjen and Rovner, 1980, 1982), and in certain lycosid genera this increase is rather drastic (Kronestedt, 1979a). No site of production and release of pheromones in wolf spiders has so far been found (Tietjen and Rovner, 1982). The present note focuses on a type of structure which is presumably involved in the release of pheromones in this spider family. Studies on courtship behaviour in various lycosid species have been undertaken for supplementing morphological data in taxonomic contexts as well as for finding connections between adult male secondary sex characters and species-specific behavioural elements. Among the species studied, the adult male of Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck) has a unique character in its first tibiae being tumid

Male Biology in the Queenless Ponerine Ant Ophthalmopone Berthoudi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract: Various ponerine ants exhibit significant modifications in their pattern of male dispersal, and this is associated with changes in the queenright social structure. In some species the queen caste has become permanently wingless (= ergatoid queens), and in others it has been replaced by mated laying workers (= gamergates; Peeters and Crewe, 1984). Thus, male nuptial flights take on new characteristics since they have to locate flightless sexual partners. Data on male behavior are only available for a few of the ponerine species without a queen caste, but generally males disperse individually and orientate to foreign nests, around which mating then occurs. Brown (1953) observed low-flying males entering nests in two species of Rhytidoponera. Mating can occur outside the nest entrances (e.g. i n R. chaiybaea; Ward, 1981), or inside the nest (e.g. in Diacamma rugosum; Wheeler and Chapman, 1922). Ophthalmopone berthoudi Fore1 is permanently queenless, and details of its reproductive system and polydomous organization appear elsewhere (Peeters and Crewe, 1985, MS). This paper deals with the pattern of male behavior in the field and the characteristics of male production in a breeding system made up exclusively of laying workers.

The Orb-Weaver Genus Witica (Araneae: Araneidae)

Abstract: Two species of neotropical orb-weavers, \"Edricus\" crassicauda and Witica talis, have each been known from a single sex, the first from females only, the second from males. The male of Edricus spinigerus, suspected by F.P.-Cambridge (1904) to belong with the female Epeira crassicauda, has never been collected with it, although Cambridge’s suspicion was the reason for placing the female E. crassicauda in the genus Edricus. While parthenogenesis could account for absence of males in E. crassicauda, the absence of females in Witica was more perplexing. The large females of Epeira crassicauda have a tail with a constriction (Fig. 1), the minute males of Witica talis (Fig. 5) have a round, subspherical abdomen bearing a glossy plate. The two placed in different subfamilies did not appear to be likely mates. Surveying our collections, I found males of Witica to have been collected in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Central and northern South America, roughly the same distribution as the female specimens named \"Edricus\" crassicauda. Both are fairly common on Barro Colorado Island in Gatun Lake of Panama, from which large collections are available. Unexpected evidence for existence of males in E. crassicauda turned up: a male palpal part was found in the microscope slide preparation of the seminal receptacles. When expanding the palpus of Witica talis, I noticed that the structure first considered to be the conductor, and which is sometimes missing from specimens, is actually an appendage of the embolus. Further, its structure is remarkable, including a hand with many fine teeth, presumably functioning as a hold-fast inside the female genital duct (Fig. 11). Subsequently,

Nearctic Species of the New Wolf Spider Genus Gladicosa (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Abstract: This is the second paper in a projected series of systematic studies of the Nearctic Lycosidae described primarily in the genus Lycosa. Over 50 species of medium to large size wolf spiders from the Nearctic Region have been placed in this genus. However, recent studies indicate that several distinct genera are included under Lycosa. Matters have been complicated at the generic level by C. F. Roewer (1954) who listed 44 new genera of Lycosinae in the Katalog der Araneae. They are nomina nuda, lacking descriptions. Later Roewer (1959, 1960) defined these 44 genera, thus validating the names, and added seven more new ones to the Lycosinae as well. These genera were established primarily on the basis of differences in the number of posterior cheliceral teeth and eye arrangement (particularly eyes of the anterior row). Investigations of North American Lycosidae (Brady 1962, 1972, 1979) indicate that the number of posterior cheliceral teeth is an unreliable character in delimiting genera. Recent studies indicate that color patterns on the dorsal surface of the carapace, length of legs relative to body size, and particularly the structure of the male and female genitalia are most reliable in determining generic relationships. Certain features of the eye arrangement, as well as information about habitat, behavior, and life history are also useful. In the final analysis, it is the unique combination of all these features that should be employed to distinguish genera.

Spurensicherung. Die »Psychoanalytische Bewegung« und das Elend der psychoanalytischen Institution

Abstract: Am Schicksal von Laien- und Lehranalyse wird die Transformation der »Psychoanalytischen Bewegung« in Strukturen machtpolitischer Institutionalisierung nachgezeichnet. Verdeutlicht wird dabei, inwieweit zentrale Positionen der Psychoanalyse sinnlosen und sie verfremdenden Reglementierungen geopfert werden. Die »Spurensicherung« erinnert nicht nur an die Geschichte dieser Deformation, sondern auch an die Moglichkeit ihrer Revision.

Winter Prey Collection at a Perennial Colony of Paravespula Vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Abstract: Diet is a fundamental aspect of an organism’s biology. In eusocial vespid wasps the food intake of a mature colony, including nutrition of immatures, is determined by the foraging behavior of workers. Yellowjackets of the genus Paravespula Bltithgen meet the protein requirements of the colony by capturing live arthropods and collecting flesh from dead animals. By enabling these species to utilize a broader resource base, scavenging likely contributed to the evolution in this genus of a colony cycle characterized by higher worker populations and greater longevity than in Vespula Thompson, a closely related genus in which only live prey is taken (MacDonald et al., 1976). Prey collection by freely foraging Paravespula colonies has been described in detail by Kleinhout (1958), Kemper and Dohring (1962), Broekhuizen and Hordijk (1968), and Archer (1977). Numerous shorter lists of prey are available, (cf. Spradbery (1973) for a literature review). Broekhuizen and Hordijk (1968) investigated the response of P. vulgaris (L.) to artificial manipulations of prey densities in trees, while MacDonald et al. (1974) offered various prey items in screen-enclosed foraging areas. Heinrich (1984) gave a good account of general foraging behavior of individual workers and Free (1970) investigated handling of honeybee prey by workers. Paravespula species undergo an annual monogynous cycle over most of their range, but in mild-weathered areas, perennial polygynous colonies sometimes develop (Spradbery, 1973). These colonies, characterized by enormous populations of workers, occur especially

Geographic Variation in the Cave Beetle, Neaphaenops Tellkampfi (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Abstract: More than 200 species of cave limited (i.e., troglobitic) trechine carabid beetles are known from caves of the eastern United States (Barr, 1979b, 1981). These species are generally considered to be derived from ancestral surface species which were widespread during the cold, moist climates associated with glacial maxima (Barr, 1968). Subsequent warming and drying of these regions, as glaciers retreated, led ultimately to the extirpation of surface populations, with only some of the cave limited stocks surviving. Available evidence suggests that for trechines cave isolation is irreversible (Barr, 1968, 1979a). Therefore, geographic spread of and gene flow in troglobitic trechines will be restricted to subterranean routes (Barr, 1968). The interconnectivity of caves and the presence of geological barriers (e.g., noncavernous strata and large rivers) become important factors in determining the geographic extent of and degrees of gene flow within these troglobitic taxa. In extensive and highly continuous limestone cave systems, such as those of the Mississippian plateaus, interpretation of evolutionary relationships between closely similar taxa becomes especially complicated (Barr, 1979b). One question which arises is whether such taxa represent multiple isolations of a common surface dwelling ancestor or are the product of more recent divergence in a common troglobitic ancestor. Even when the latter scenario appears to be the case, divergence may only involve subtle, although generally consistent, differences in minor morphological characters. Thus, inferences about such factors as the amount of gene flow, if

Zur Struktur und Therapie der Zwangsneurose

Abstract: Die klassisch-analytische Auffassung vom Krankheitsbild der Zwangsneurose wird um ihre soziale (struktural-anthropologische) Sichtweise erweitert. Der Zwangsneurotiker erscheint dabei als »gehemmter Rebell«, dessen Symptomatik sich weniger durch eine supportive Therapie beheben lasse als durch eine szenische Analogiebildung zur krankheitsauslosenden Konfliktthematik. Die Ubertragung selber musse im Erleben des Patienten zu einer Zwangsmasnahme werden, gegen die er zunachst rebellieren kann, bevor er zur Artikulierung seiner Rebellion fahig wird. Mit Ausschnitten aus einem Behandlungsverlauf werden die Uberlegungen veranschaulicht.

Revision of the Onocosmoecus Unicolor Group (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae, Dicosmoecinae)

Abstract: The genus Onocosmoecus, by current definition, comprises the unicolor group and the frontalis group (Schmid 1980, occidentalis group = unicolor group; Wiggins 1977). From a separate study of generic relationships within the Dicosmoecinae (G. B. Wiggins & 0. S. Flint, in prep.), it is clear that Onocosmoecus in this broad sense is not monophyletic. The frontalis group will be considered in a subsequent paper, but in the interim the two western North American species of which it is composed, 0. frontalis (Banks) and 0. schmidi (Wiggins), remain nominally under Onocosmoecus. Thus, in final analysis, this study of the unicolor group will constitute a revision of the genus Onocosmoecus s.s., and the generic name is used here in that restricted sense. Among the genera of the limnephilid subfamily Dicosmoecinae, Onocosmoecus S.S. is one of the most widespread, represented across the whole of northern North America from Newfoundland to Alaska, south in the western mountains to California, and across the Bering Strait to Kamchatka. They are rather large caddisflies, not often found in abundance but by no means rare. Larvae occur in cool lotic habitats, and also in the littoral zone of cool lakes, where they are detritivorous. Seven species have been assigned to the genus in the past but reservations concerning their validity have been expressed by several authors (e.g., Schmid 1955, 1980; Flint 1960; Wiggins 1977). Because no analysis of types or of long series of specimens has been undertaken, identity of the putative species has always been doubtful. The purpose of the present study was to undertake that analysis.

Zur ethnopsychoanalytischen Erarbeitung des kulturellen Raums der Frau

Abstract: Im ersten Teil ihrer Arbeit erortert die Autorin die Moglichkeiten, die sich durch die Verbindung von Ethnologie, Psychoanalyse und feministischer Wahrnehmung fur das Verstandnis der kulturspezifischen Situation von Frauen ergeben. Die (relativ junge) Disziplin der Ethnopsychoanalyse wird als selbstreflexives Medium der Fremd- wie der Selbstwahrnehmung vorgestellt. Anhand eines konkreten Beispiels demonstriert Nadig sodann, in welcher Form die Ethnopsychoanalyse als Erkenntnis- und Verstehensinstrument eingesetzt zu werden vermag.

New species and genera of Amiseginae from Asia (Chrysididae, Hymenoptera)

Abstract: In a large shipment of miscellaneous, non-American chrysidids sent to me by Henry Townes of the American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida, all of the Amiseginae turned out to be new species. The majority of these were collected by E. and M. Becker in the Pasoh Forest Reserve in Malaysia. The new species of Cladobethylus and Zsegama represent range extensions for both genera. Cladobethylus was previously known from Sri Lanka and Mindanao, Philippines. Zsegama has been previously described only from Sri Lanka. Holotypes have been deposited in the American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida. A variety of structures, dimensions and abbreviations, used below, need explanation. The malar space is the distance between the base of the mandible and the ocular margin. On the mesopleuron there are 2 possible carinae and/or sulci. The scrobal sulcus extends transversely across the mesopleuron from the scrobal pit. The oblique mesopleural carina originates below the pronotal lobe, and extends ventrally. Subantennal distance is the length between a line drawn across the lower edge of the antenna1 sockets and the clypeal apex. Abbreviations used below are: F = flagellum, MOD = midocellus diameter, P D = puncture diameter and T = gastral tergum.

Das Verenden einer Institution

Abstract: Der Autor geht dem Dilemma nach, unter dem die Psychoanalyse seit ihren ersten Institutionalisierungsschritten zu leiden hat. Galt es zunachst, die neue Wissenschaft durch formale Absicherung vor ihrer Auflosung zu schutzen, entwickelte ihre institutionalisierte Form eine Eigendynamik, die sich letztlich gegen ihren aufklarerischen Gehalt selbst richtete. Der seelische und soziale Rahmen, in dem diese Selbstdestruktion stattfindet, wird angedeutet.

Young Larvae of Eciton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Abstract: In our previous studies of ant larvae we have been concerned primarily with generic characterizations and differences based on mature larvae. We described immature stages when available, which wasn’t often. And even when we did, we didn’t know the instars. Never have we had a complete larval series from egg to semipupa. Yet many authors have stated quite glibly the number of larval instars. At least it seems glib to us, for we consider it hard work to establish the number of instars. To do this we require that following specimens\" a first-instar larva inside an egg ready to hatch; a second instar larva inside a first ready to moult; a third-instar inside a second-instar ready to moult; etc.; and finally a mature larva. How can we prove maturity? By comparison with a semipupa, which will reveal all characters of a mature larvae except shape. For further confirmation one should have a worker pupa or a worker to verify size. The identification of sexual larvae presents a further complication. If the larva is larger than a worker semipupa it is probably a sexual or at least a queen. In most species we have not been able to recognize younger sexual larvae. In polymorphic species (e.g., Eciton, Atta, Acromyrmex, Camponotus) such procedures are even more difficult. How can one tell whether a small larva is a young major or a mature minum or whether a large larva is a half-grown major or a mature intermediate? Two interesting papers afford a partial solution to this problem: Tafuri (1955) on Eciton hamatum and Lappano (1958) on E. burchelli Eciton is an ideal genus for such a study\" there can be no mixing of broods; except for one all-sexual brood per year, all larvae will

Substitute Names for the Extinct Genera Cycloptera Martynova (Mecoptera) and Parelcana Carpenter (Orthoptera)

Abstract: In 1958 Dr. Olga M. Martynova described a fossil mecopteron belonging to a new genus, Cycloptera, and representing a new family, Cyclopteridae. Since the name Cycloptera turns out to be preoccupied, a substitute name is needed. Dr. Martynova has asked me to propose a replacement name, and, following her suggestion for the name, I propose the following: Cyelopterina, nomen novum, pro Cycloptera Martynova, 1958, p. 85, non Audinet-Serville, 1839, p. 439. The type species, Cycloptera autumnale Martynova, 1958, original designation, becomes Cyclopterina autumnalis (Martynova), new combination. The new generic name is derived from Cycloptera with the addition of the feminine suffix-ina and is considered feminine. The genus is known only from the Permian of the Kuznetz Basin, near the Tom River, Kemerovsk Region, USSR. The family name, Cyclopteridae Martynova, 1938, p. 84, is herein replaced by Cyclopterinidae. Cyclopterina is the only genus known in the family at present. In 1966 I described a Permian orthopteron, placing it in a new genus, Parelcana, of a new family, Parelcanidae. I have only recently realized that the name Parelcana is preoccupied and I take this opportunity to propose the following substitute name: Aneletmtt, nomen novum pro Parelcana Carper,teL 1966, p. 84, non Handlirsch, 1906, p. 420. The type species, Parelcana dilatata Carpenter, 1966, original designation, becomes Anelcana dilatata (Carpenter), new combination. The new generic name is derived from Elcana with the prefix an (\"not\"). The genus is known only from the Permian of Kansas, U.S.A.

Mann und Frau

Abstract: Biologischer Ausgangspunkt der Uberlegungen des Autors zur Geschlechterspannung ist die Feststellung, das es nicht »zwei Geschlechter« gibt, das vielmehr das Geschlecht in zwei Gestalten (dimorph) erscheint – mannlich und weiblich. Das Verhaltnis von Geschlechtsdimorphismus und Bipolaritat wird an den »drei Gesetzen der Sexualitat«(Max Hartmann) entwickelt. Die auf dem biologischen Dimorphismus basierende gesellschaftliche und psychische Geschlechterspannung wird an »vier Relationen« dargestellt, an denen sich das Verhaltnis von Mann und Frau sichtbar machen last.

Vernachlässigt die Psychoanalyse den Körper

Abstract: Angesichts modischer Tendenzen, den Korper ins Zentrum therapeutischer Bemuhungen zu rucken, mutet das psychoanalytische Verfahren mit seiner Betonung des Verbalen und Kognitiv-Intellektuellen beim ersten Zusehen korperfeindlich an. Bittner zeigt indes, das korperliches Geschehen und Erleben auf vielfaltige Weise sowohl in die Theorie wie in die klinische Praxis der Psychoanalyse Eingang gefunden haben, das freilich das Korperliche nie nur »an sich«, vielmehr in seiner psychologischen Bedeutung wahrgenommen wird. Die Psychoanalyse vernachlassigt den Korper nicht, aber sie weist ihm einen komplizierteren Ort zu als die korperzentrierten Theorien und Therapien.

Realität und Phantasie. Anmerkungen zum Traumabegriff Sigmund Freuds

Abstract: Das Freud 1897 die sog. Verfuhrungstheorie aufgab, ist in jungster Zeit Anlas heftiger Kritik (z.B. von A. Miller und G. M. Masson) geworden. Die Autoren zeigen, das Freud zwar nie aufgehort hat, traumatischen lebensgeschichtlichen Ereignissen als pathogenen Faktoren Bedeutung beizumessen, das aber bei ihm der theoretische Status des Realgeschehens unbestimmt bleibt.

Zum Verhältnis von Psychoanalyse und Systemtheorie

Abstract: Im Anschlus an einen kurzen definitorischen Rekurs auf Positionen der Systemtheorie werden deren Integrationsversuche in die Psychoanalyse diskutiert Trotz partieller begrifflicher Konvergenzen sind nach Ansicht des Autors die beiden grundsatzlich verschiedenen Ansatze nicht kompatibel Das Vorhaben, Psychoanalyse in Systemtheorie aufzulosen und fur letztere einen wissenschaftstheoretischen Prioritatsanspruch zu propagieren, wird vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Anpassungsstrategien als Versuch gewertet, Lebensgeschichte in Funktionsmodi umzudeuten

Zum Verhältnis von Psychoanalyse und Genfer Konstruktivismus: Primärprozeß, Sekundärprozeß und kognitive Struktur

Abstract: Der Autor vergleicht Jean Piagets Theorie der kognitiven Entwicklung mit den psychoanalytischen Begriffen Primar- und Sekundarprozes. Unter Bezugnahme auf die Arbeiten Otto F. Kernbergs ergeben sich dabei wichtige Implikationen zur Unterscheidung von Entwicklungsniveaus der sog. Abwehrprozesse.

Distinguishing the Jumping Spiders Eris Militaris and Eris Flava in North America (Araneae: Salticidae)

Abstract: The jumping spiders now identified as Eris marginata are among the most frequently encountered in North America, for they are common on trees, shrubs and herbs throughout much of the continent. However, two species have been confused under this name. One is an abundant transamerican species whose proper name is Eris militaris; the other is Erisflava, widely distributed in eastern North America though common only in the southeast. In this paper I describe how they may be distinguished. The abbreviation MCZ refers to the Museum of Comparative Zoology; ZMB to the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt-Universittt zu Berlin.