Showing papers in "Review & Expositor in 1948"
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TL;DR: The origin of the expression "Wrath of God" has been investigated in the New and Old Testaments of the Bible as discussed by the authors, and the meaning that follows throughout the Old and New Testaments.
Abstract: The expression \"Wrath of God\", because of its strange and inexplicable features, presents no end of difficulty even to the most careless reader of both Old and New Testaments. Does this \"Wrath of God\" mean that God cherishes resentment against the wicked and in order for a reconciliation to be effected between God and man, God must be pacified in some way? Is the anger which is found in man an analogous expression to that which is found in God? Does God at certain times lay aside His love and act similarly to a man who has lost his temper? Is this expression to be viewed in a purely impersonal way? It is impossible to answer these questions without first of all making an attempt to discover the origin of the expression ar.d the meaning that follows throughout the Old and New Testaments.
19 citations
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the principles of relationship that existed between the work and message of Jesus and the social order were discovered, in the context of a historical situation and the person and work of Jesus.
Abstract: Jesus was a historical being. He belonged to a specific era in the historical process. Within the context of a historical situation he performed his work and made known his message. It is impossible to consider him, his work or his message apart from this historical situation. There was interplay between the forces that made up that historical situation and the person and work of Jesus. In this interplay may be discovered the principles of relationship that existed between the work and message of Jesus and the social order.
9 citations
TL;DR: For example, the authors states that "Zeal to promote the common good, whether it be by devising anything ourselves, or by revising that which hath been labored by others, deserveth certainly much respect and esteem, but yet findeth but cold entertainment in the world; and if there be any hole left for cavil to enter (and cavil if it do not find a hole will make one), it is sure to be misconstrued and in danger to be condemned".
Abstract: \"Zeal to promote the common good, whether it be by devising anything ourselves, or by revising that which hath been labored by others, deserveth certainly much respect and esteem, but yet findeth but cold entertainment in the world. It is welcomed with suspicion, instead of love, and with emulation, instead of thanks; and if there be any hole left for cavil to enter (and cavil if it do not find a hole will make one), it is sure to be misconstrued and in danger to be condemned\" . . .
8 citations
TL;DR: This year is the centennial of the writing of The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and it is an appropriate time for Christians to restudy Marxism and its contributions to and utilization of the crisis that is now gripping the world in general and Europe in particular as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This year is the centennial of the writing of The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It is an appropriate time for Christians to restudy Marxism and its contributions to and utilization of the crisis that is now gripping the world in general and Europe in particular. It is doubtful if any other movement, including Christianity, has influenced so deeply or contributed so much to the shaping of the Western world for the past one hundred years
7 citations
7 citations
TL;DR: Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) is a deserted mound on the Syrian coast, seven or eight miles north of Latakia, and located directly opposite the tip of the pointing finger peninsula of Cyprus as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: To the humble of this earth it has been given to make some most amazing discoveries. The Amarna tablets were discovered by a poor Egyptian peasant woman searching for rich earth to fertilize her garden. Similarly, it was a Syrian \"son of the soil\" who initiated the discoveries at Ras Shamra when his peasant's plough struck a vaulted tomb, leading to the disinterment of a long dead civilization. Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) is a deserted mound on the Syrian coast, seven or eight miles north of Latakia, and located directly opposite the tip of the pointing fingerpeninsula of Cyprus. The mound proper is situated about one-half mile inland from its ancient seaport, Minet el Beida (White Harbor). It was in the vicinity of Minet el Beida, in 1928, that a vaulted tomb containing some objects of gold was discovered. This accidental discovery was reported to the Syrian Department of Antiquities at Beirut, whose director, M. Virolleaud, immediately examined the site. As a result, excavation of the harbor and adjoining mound was begun by the French, in 1929, under the direction of C. F. A. Schaeffer and Georges Chenet, and continued each season through 1939 when halted by World War II.
4 citations
TL;DR: In spite of this fact, Southern Baptists have not developed a distinctive educational philosophy in harmony with our basic beliefs and designed to insure achievement of our spiritual purposes as discussed by the authors. But the result is confusion.
Abstract: Yet, in spite of this fact, Baptists have not developed a distinctive educational philosophy in harmony with our basic beliefs and designed to insure achievement of our spiritual purposes. What Southern Baptists have now is a sort of mixture of transmissive education and creative education. Like oil and water, these have not mixed well. Some leaders hold to one philosophy, some to the other. Each group feels that the other is wrong. The result is confusion —confusion among our leaders, confusion as to aims, confusion as to curriculum materials, confusion as to methods. The work of religious instruction goes forward in our churches haltingly and of course without the spiritual results we desire.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the effective sermon is not dependent on the ''enduement from on high; rather that the Spirit uses natural factors to accomplish Divine ends, and that we must analyse these factors if we are to approach this whole problem intelligently''.
Abstract: What makes a really effective sermon? Every preacher has asked himself this question a hundred times. Some, of course, despair of the answer because at times the results are unexpected; the minister thinks that he will \"ring the bell\" and finds that he \"falls flat;\" or, better still, he expects average audience response and gets an ovation. What makes the difference? The truth is that usually the factors that contribute to the success or failure of a sermon can be discovered. Sometimes we cloud the issue by attributing the success or failure to such unpredictable factors as the Holy Spirit or Satan, or to unexplainable psychic rapport. This does suggest, of course, that the effective sermon is not dependent on the \"enduement from on high;\" rather that the Spirit uses natural factors to accomplish Divine ends, and that we must analyse these factors if we are to approach this whole problem intelligently.
1 citations
TL;DR: In the case of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the authors of as discussed by the authors pointed out that the Christians appropriated and rededicated to their own cult the site of the church because of its significance as the location of pagan cults and a tomb of resurrection there, and concluded that it was a logical consequence of the syncretism of the times that the devotees of the Christian god should seek to win converts from his pagan rival by adopting not only the plan of the mortuary temple of the rival but also the rites of a rival's cult.
Abstract: In the opinion of the author of this paper, the Christians appropriated and rededicated to their own cult the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre because of its significance as the location of pagan cults and a tomb of resurrection there. He believes that \"Hadrian found at Golgotha a pagan Kraneion in a grove or garden of Aphrodite like that at Corinth, and nearby, a tomb of Zagreus or Zeus redivivus, the god who was buried at Delphi near a statue of Aphrodite Epitymbia and who rose again as the new Dionyos.\" A sketch-plan by the seventh century pilgrim, Arculf, reveals that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, as built by Modestus (about 630 A.D.), was a circular structure having four concentric walls. Therefore, since the author identifies the Cretan Minotaur with Zagreus, he has no difficulty in seeing a close relationship between the plans of the Labyrinth and the Church. He concludes that \"it was a logical consequence of the syncretism of the times that the devotees of the Christian god should seek to win converts from his pagan rival by adopting not only the plan of the mortuary temple of the rival but also the rites of the rival's cult.\" The words of John 6:53-54 he regards as \"a relic of the ancient Cretan rite of omophagy in the cult of Zagreus which Christianity employed in a figurative sense to facilitate the conversion of the devotees of the Cretan god.\" To see such syncretism between Greek and Christian religious sites and rites is wholly unwarranted. One cannot help feeling that if the ingenuity and effort expended in
1 citations
TL;DR: The use of the word "Kingdom of God" in the Gospels of the Bible has been studied in this paper, showing that the majority of these uses occur in the full phrases "God's Kingdom of God", "His Kingdom", "Gospel of the Kingdom", etc.
Abstract: Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Louisville, Kentucky The theme of the preaching and teaching of Jesus was the Kingdom of God. Again and again the term Kingdom of God (or Kingdom of Heaven) is heard upon his lips. Eliminating duplications in the Gospels, as many as 74 oc currences of the word \"Kingdom\" as used by Jesus may be counted. Again eliminating duplications (parallel oc currences), the use of the term may be counted in 87 in stances in the Gospels. By far the greater number of these uses occur in the full phrases \"Kingdom of God\" or \"King dom of Heaven;\" the other occurrences, like \"gospel of the Kingdom,\" \"thy Kingdom,\" \"His Kingdom,\" etc., are all references to the Kingdom of God.
TL;DR: The Central Baptist Church, Chattanooga, Tennessee, has published a book on one of the most important phases of current Christian interpretation as discussed by the authors, which is based on a devout reverence for the authority of the scriptures and on sound principles of interpretation.
Abstract: The thoughtful and scholarly pastor of the Central Baptist Church, Chattanooga, Tennessee has produced a book on one of the most important phases of current Christian interpretation. Dispensationalism and millennialism have done serious hurt to the understanding of the scriptures and of our Christianity. They still have very extensive vogue among Southern Baptists as among other splendid Christian people in our country. Dr. Jones has had serious reasons for making the thorough study of the scriptures, of the essential nature of Christianity, and of the program of Jesus. After many years of painstaking study, he has now declared himself on vital matters. On many matters of detail he is still not decided. On the great fundamental principles he has come through to clear understanding and has recorded his conclusions in easily understood language. His work is based on a devout reverence for the authority of the scriptures and on sound principles of interpretation. He discusses with penetrating and devastating insight the claim that the scriptures are to be interpreted \"literally.\" He illustrates with careful detailed presentation of a large number of scripture passages. He has rightly discerned that both the Kingdom of God and the \"millennium\" begin with Jesus Christ. He makes the cross of Jesus Christ the pivotal point in all the plan of redemption and of history; and the Resurrection and Pentecost constitute the beginning of \"the last days.\" The delusive but fascinating theory that the Jews are forever the \"people of God\" is repudiated in the interest of the clear teaching of the New Testament that 'the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus' constitute 'the people of God' under \"the new covenant.\
TL;DR: The intention of the author is practical and religious, not theoretical and philosophical as mentioned in this paper, and truth for its own sake does not enter into consideration in the Gita, rather, as pointed out by Edgerton, truth as a means of human salvation, is its object.
Abstract: The favorite sacred writing of Hindus, as a whole, is the Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita-Upanishadas—better known by its abreviated title, Bhagavad-Gita. This Song of the Blessed One, or Divine Lay, has been rendered numerous times into English and other western languages. In one sense, the Bhagavad-Gita is the \"Bible\" of one Vaishnava sect, the Bhagavatas, or devotees of the Blessed Lord, Krishna. Yet, its thought is closely enough related to its antecedents, and its own distinctive posistions are so ambiguously stated, as to make it highly acceptable to all. The intention of the author is practical and religious, not theoretical and philosophical. Truth for its own sake does not enter into consideration in the Gita. Rather, as pointed out by Edgerton, truth as a means of human salvation, is its object. Rules of rationalistic logic do not, therefore, everywhere apply in the interpretation of this work.
TL;DR: The Predicament of Modern Man and Foundations for Reconstruction as discussed by the authors is a good starting point for a discussion of the difficulties in which we will remain as long as our inner lives lack a living faith that gives significance to existence.
Abstract: Three years ago, in The Predicament of Modern Man, Elton Trueblood made a diagnosis of the spiritual sickness of our civilization. This little book attempts to go \"beyond diagnosis\" to a positive solution the difficulties in which we will remain as long as our inner lives lack a living faith that gives significance to existence. But this recovery is not possible until there is a redemptive society \"within the Church Universal, devoted to the recovery and fulfillment of radical Christianity.\" This can be achieved through the \"habit of adventure.\" The minimum conditions for membership in this nameless order are commitment, witness, fellowship, vocation, and discipline. This is the fellowship of the concerned. But the author does not remain in the realm of abstract principles, but concludes with practical suggestions as to how this redemptive society is to be organized and developed. Being a Quaker, his outline is deeply influenced with this conception of Christian worship and service. Throughout the book one discovers a moving concern for the renewal of our culture and civilization. Those who are likewise concerned will find help and stimulation in this little volume. Those who have never read The Predicament of Modern Man and Foundations for Reconstruction should read the three as one work. Dale Moody
TL;DR: Rynin this paper pointed out that Johnson's general tendency in his critique of language is not to deny meaning so much as to locate it, which is the minimum requirements of any adequate philosophy of language.
Abstract: This book—published for readers interested in both philosophy and language—contains, first, \"one of the few original philosophical classics produced in America,\" and second, a critical analysis of Johnson's theories on the basis of \"the minimum requirements of any adequate philosophy of language.\" The critical essay was writ ten on the assumption that \"the greater the thinker, the more we are bound to honor him also by seeking out his shortcomings, so that we may learn from his inadequacies and mistakes as well as from his achievements.\" A reading of both the Treatise and the Essay lead this reviewer to a fresh realization of the devious intricacies of language—one of the four phases of SPEECH—and the desperate need every speaker has for a more thorough scholarship in his approach to language. Mr. Johnson delivered his Treatise—the underlying thesis of which is that \"our knowledge of the universe is vitiated and limited by our misuse of language\"—first as a series of lectures in Utica, New York, in 1825. In this series he showed himself an original thinker, though also beset with some shortcomings in the light of modern semantics and the school of logical empiricism. However, Dr. Rynin has used Johnson's work in his classes in semantics and argumentation at Berkeley, albeit he has carefully pointed out its weaknesses—basically the result of Johnson's \"too narrow conception of knowledge and meaning,\" and fundamentally erroneous in the premise \"that meanings are restricted to events which have been experienced.\" Under these conditions, Dr. Rynin points out that Johnson's general tendency in his critique of language \"is not to deny meaning so much as to locate it.\" With Johnson's references to common names and properties of science and of everyday life—many of his examples deal with theological terms—the reader senses a practical value in this book for ministers who are, through personal study, trying to increase their grasp of and command over
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider what had preceded the teachings of Christ and find that the prophet had long before proclaimed the oracles of Jahweh wherein sin of every sort was exposed in detail, and even more emphatically condemned.
Abstract: There are some students of the Bible who wonder why Jesus was not more specific about the moral code of Christianity, why he taught by principle more than by rule. One is aided in understanding the problem when he considers what had preceded the teachings of Jesus. The Hebrew prophets had long before proclaimed the oracles of Jahweh wherein sin of every sort was exposed in detail, and even more emphatically condemned. Since the specific had already been given, there was need for Jesus to present broad underlying principles. These do not nullify the prophetic word, but only give its ultimate significance and endorse its moral perception. Jesus did not come to destroy the prophets but to be the agent of their fruition. Therefore, one will better understand the teachings of the Christ if he is aware of what has gone before, and he can more clearly perceive the moral demands of the Christian faith as he hears anew the thunder of the prophetic preachers of righteousness.
TL;DR: A most significant fact about the messages of the prophets of the Old Testament is that they are timeless as mentioned in this paper and each of them, to be understood, must be seen in its historical setting, but its paramount t ruth is a message for all ages.
Abstract: A most significant fact about the messages of the prophets of the Old Testament is that they are timeless. Each of them, to be understood, must be seen in its historical setting, but its paramount t ruth is a message for all ages. The messages of the prophets contain predictions vital to the progress of the Kingdom of God, revelations of the unfolding purposes of God for Israel and the world, and relevant spiritual t ruth for all ages. The book of Jonah is not an exception. It contains a vital and eternal message. The inclusion of the book in the Canon grew out of the fact that it contained spiritual teachings of permanent worth. It is probable that there is no passage of equal length in the Old Testament which contains so much religious truth. The similarity of its primary t ruth to that of the New Testament has been recognized by the best scholars. It is well worthwhile to point out this similarity in several items in the book which are also relevant to the present world.
TL;DR: Music is a universal medium of worship as mentioned in this paper and no religion is known to be without lyrical expressions of its devotion and praise, from the chants of primeval man to the stately anthems of the Christian choir, music has played a unique part in the religious life of the human race.
Abstract: Music is a universal medium of worship. No religion is known to be without lyrical expressions of its devotion and praise. From the chants of primeval man to the stately anthems of the Christian choir, music has played a unique part in the religious life of the human race. Ancient records of civilizations long returned to dust contain hymns to the deities worshiped. The hymns of the Babylonians, Egyptians, Hebrews, Greeks and Romans, Chinese, Norsemen, Celtics, Incas all witness to the universal scope of music as an aid in worship.
TL;DR: The Bible is the most interesting book people have ever read as mentioned in this paper, according to a survey conducted by the American Bible Society in the early 1940s, and the number of Bible dramas on the stage and on screen has multiplied.
Abstract: In her interesting book, Making the Bible Live, Georgia L. Chamberlin remarks that many of the older of us remember a time when the Bible was regarded as an incomparable book, with the charm of magic. Then followed a time when a flood of Bible criticism, much of it necessary and construe^ tive, made the Bible seem old-fashioned, and put it on the shelf. But then came a day, when scholars rediscovered the Bible and began to exalt it as a marvelous book. This last describes the present new status of the Bible for those alert enough to see it. This new appreciation of the Bible includes the Old Testament as well as the New. Evidences for this new attitude are numerous and convincing. Three Gallup polls within a decade indicate an increase of Bible reading among millions of Americans, a good proportion of these declaring the Bible is \"the most interesting book\" they have ever read. Since Paul Green's Pulitzer prize Bible drama, In Abraham's Bosom, in 1927, and Connelly's Green Pastures, in 1930, the number of Bible dramas on the stage and on the screen has multiplied. In 1933 the Press Radio Bible Service began giving a daily Bible verse to newspapers with 14,000,000 readers, and more recently the National Broadcasting Company set up a special department of religion. Meanwhile the sale of Bibles has exceeded all past records. In 1942 the American Bible Society sold 8,200,000 Bible volumes, and in 1943 the great Oxford Press had to cancel orders and ration its supply of Bibles. Parallel with all this, popular writers have shown a new trend toward choosing from the Bible titles for their books, and toward introducing into their writings Bible characters and preachments from the Old Testament prophets and the teachings of Jesus. All this is but a response to the new and growing interest in the Bible on the part of the public. If for a time the Bible seemed to be losing out, lately it has been coming back with a bound. There is a new appreciation of it as literature. This is strik-