Showing papers in "Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren in 1975"
TL;DR: Following the publication of the paper by Hanke, a round atelectasis was diagnosed on six occasions in five of the authors' patients (two radiologically and pathologically, four radiologically only).
Abstract: Following the publication of the paper by Hanke, a round atelectasis was diagnosed on six occasions in five of our patients (two radiologically and pathologically, four radiologically only). On the basis of this material, the radiological features of round atelectases are discussed. Hanke's findings are critically reviewed and a comparison with our material shows a number of differences. The term "atelectatic pseudotumour of the lung" is suggested.
20 citations
TL;DR: The intraosseous ganglion is a not very well-known cystic benign bone lesion, which has to be included in the differential diagnosis of benign bone tumors and can be easily differentiated from malignant changes.
Abstract: The intraosseous ganglion is a not very well-known cystic benign bone lesion, which has to be included in the differential diagnosis of benign bone tumors. The ganglion's pathogenesis is still uncertain. Radiologically it presents all signs of a benign epiphyseal cystic tumor and can be easily differentiated from malignant changes. The characteristic X-ray signs, together with the typical location, and especially when situated in the distal medial epiphysis of the tibia, will allow a preoperative diagnosis.
15 citations
TL;DR: The report deals with 1,005 discographic examinations in 380 patients with a cervical syndrome and recommends contrast demonstration of the cervical disc as a supplementary radiological method for the investigation ofThe cervical syndrome.
Abstract: The report deals with 1,005 discographic examinations in 380 patients with a cervical syndrome. Three cases of a discitis were observed, of which two had to be regarded as complications of the examination. The aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis are described: therapeutic and prophylactic problems and possible complications are discussed. With a complication rate of 0.2%, the authors recommend contrast demonstration of the cervical disc as a supplementary radiological method for the investigation of the cervical syndrome.
15 citations
TL;DR: Needle biopsy proved to be technically simple and relatively safe; it permits early diagnosis of bronchial carcinomas and solitary metastases with a high degree of accuracy and with few complications and it is assumed that the prognosis in a large group of patients with bronchia carcinomas in the pre-clinical stage may be markedly improved.
Abstract: Between 1961 and 1974, 5,300 percutaneous, trans-thoracic needle biopsies under image intensifier control were carried out in the Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm. These involved, 2,726 patients with localised intrathoracic disease. The indications, results and complications are discussed. Approximately 15% of cases were suspected of malignancy and showed peripheral infiltrates varying from 0.04 to 2 cm. diameter. Needle biopsy proved to be technically simple and relatively safe; it permits early diagnosis of bronchial carcinomas and solitary metastases with a high degree of accuracy and with few complications. It is assumed that, as a result, the prognosis in a large group of patients with bronchial carcinomas in the pre-clinical stage may be markedly improved.
12 citations
TL;DR: In order to obtain a median blood stream velocity by angio-cine-densitometry, repeated injections of small volumes of contrast medium (random sampling method) are recommended.
Abstract: Various expressions of the speed of flow of blood in arteries are discussed, such as instantaneous speed, integral speed, pulse wave speed (phase speed) and velocity of a moving front. The flow profile of the abdominal aorta was obtained by cine-densitometry, bearing in mind the above considerations, and the densitometric curves have been analysed. Differences of the flow velocities in different persons have been interpreted as a result of these theoretical considerations. The effects of the point of measurement, the distance over which the measurement was carried out and the pulse wave length on velocity were examined. In order to obtain a median blood stream velocity by angio-cine-densitometry, repeated injections of small volumes of contrast medium (random sampling method) are recommended.
11 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: A case is described in which bilateral subclavian vein occlusion was caused by fusiform expansion of the clavicle with hyperostosis, ankylosis of the sterno-clavicular joint, widening and thickening of the sternum and ossification of the costal cartilage of the first ribs.
Abstract: A case is described in which bilateral subclavian vein occlusion was caused by fusiform expansion of the clavicle with hyperostosis, ankylosis of the sterno-clavicular joint, widening and thickening of the sternum and ossification of the costal cartilage of the first ribs. Histologically this proved to be due to an hyperostotic spongiosclerosis.
11 citations
TL;DR: The authors found only a relatively low value for epinephrine renal venography in the diagnosis of hypervascular renal tumors and the early detection of venous extension of hypernephromas.
Abstract: Experience with the use of epinephrine renal venography in 60 patients with various renal disease is reviewed. The technique offers an important supplement to selective arteriography. It is of particular value in the diagnosis of avascular infiltrative tumors of the renal parenchyma and pelvis. Further, it is of value in the detailed demonstration of renal vein thrombosis and in seeking the cause of unexplained gross hematuria. It can also aid in evaluating expansile avascular renal masses and renal parenchymal disease. The authors found only a relatively low value for epinephrine renal venography in the diagnosis of hypervascular renal tumors and the early detection of venous extension of hypernephromas.
10 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded from the studies that contrast media which deviate to any great extent in their sodium content from the physiological range of the blood sodium concentration are unsuitable for angiocardiography.
Abstract: The incidence of side effects of two contrast media containing different amounts of sodium (Urografin 76 and Conray 70) is compared in two groups of patients (totalling 133) under-going diagnostic examination by means of a cardiac catheter and selective angiocardiography. The following results were obtained: 1. Transient ischaemic reactions were observed in 4 patients of the Urografin group. Cerebral circulation was temporarily restricted in 2 patients, but there were no sequelae. One patient with a history of repeated cardiac infarction in whom the examination was the last hope with a view to coronary surgery died immediately after the angiocardiography. 2. In the Conray 70 group, ventricular fibrillation occurred 32 times in 22 patients after a total of 155 injections. Protracted asystole was observed in 2 patients. The explanation offered for the divergent findings from the use of the two contrast media is not the different anions--the iodine hosts--, but rather the difference in the amount of sodium contained in the preparations. It is concluded from the studies that contrast media which deviate to any great extent in their sodium content from the physiological range of the blood sodium concentration are unsuitable for angiocardiography.
10 citations
TL;DR: Measurements obtained by using radioactive compounds have shown that the distribution and excretion of the contrast medium are independent of the site of injection, and the kinetics of the Contrast within an organ do not differ, whether it is injected selectively or not.
Abstract: Basic studies were carried out on experimental animals in order to investigate the pharmaco-kinetics of angiographic contrast media when used in various ways. Injections were carried out through angiographic catheters in a "physiological angiographic" manner. Measurements obtained by using radioactive compounds have shown that the distribution and excretion of the contrast medium are independent of the site of injection. The kinetics of the contrast within an organ do not differ, whether it is injected selectively or not. The results of all the experiments will be discussed at the conclusion of the third paper.
TL;DR: FNH presents as a hypervascular benign space-occupying process in the liver, with a typical vascular structure and intensive prolonged and sharply demarcated parenchymal staining.
Abstract: Four cases of FNH are described; the angiographic appearances are detailed and problems in differential diagnosis are discussed. FNH presents as a hypervascular benign space-occupying process in the liver, with a typical vascular structure and intensive prolonged and sharply demarcated parenchymal staining. It can be distinguished from malignant lesions in the liver by the absence of tumour vessels, infiltration and occlusion of vessels.
TL;DR: Analysis of changes in osmolarity of the serum after various doses of hypertonic radiographic contrast media, following a single injection, showed an initial rise of about 35 m/mosm/1, followed by a rapid fall in oSMolarity with a subsequent short hypo-osmolar phase.
Abstract: Analysis of changes in osmolarity of the serum after various doses of hypertonic radiographic contrast media, following a single injection, showed an initial rise of about 35 m/mosm/1, followed by a rapid fall in osmolarity with a subsequent short hypo-osmolar phase. With repeated injections, similar changes are found if the intervals between the injections are long enough. Following repeated injections over a short interval, there may be a more prolonged phase of hyperosmolarity. In this phase of delayed dehydration, there may be clinical complications. Possible forms of treatment are discussed.
TL;DR: Half-yearly examinations of women in high risk groups comprising about 30% of carcinomas with a short doubling time would appear to be reasonable, and the risk inherent in the radiation resulting from annual mammography is acceptable in women over 35 years.
Abstract: The doubling time (DT) was estimated quantitatively for 16 carcinomas of the breast according to the method described by Collins and co-workers in 1956. This is based on the concept of constant and exponential growth. Observation interval for these mammographically confirmed tumors was between 83 and 1,034 days. The DT was calculated to vary from 45 to 260 days; in order to reach a diameter of 1 cm. after 30 divisions would require a period of 3.7 to 21.4 years. Mammography frequently demonstrates small, clinically occult, tumours. Axillary lymph node metastases are relatively rare from small tumours; growth rate of 70% of breast carcinomas in such that an annual clinical and radiological check-up will prove to be the best means of reducing mortality from carcinoma of the breast. The risk inherent in the radiation resulting from annual mammography is acceptable in women over 35 years. This leaves the problem of rapidly growing carcinomas which would escape early diagnosis by early examinations. Half-yearly examinations of women in high risk groups (1. Previous mastectomy for carcinoma, 2. Biopsy-proven mastopathy with atypical proliferation) comprising about 30% of carcinomas with a short doubling time would appear to be reasonable.
TL;DR: The amount of scatter immediately behind the phantom is compared with that through a grid by observing image quality for given amounts of scatter and this "grid-equivalent" image quality can be used to determine the circumstances under which a magnification technique can be employed without using a grid.
Abstract: The reduction in scatter during magnification techniques is compared with the effect of grids. The results of extensive measurements concerning scatter and distance in a water phantom are shown in 24 diagrams. The various factors were altered as follows: distance 0-1.5 m., phantom thickness 0-27.5 cm., area 5 cm. x 5 cm. - 30 cm. x 30 cm. and kilovoltage 50-150 kv. The amount of scatter immediately behind the phantom is compared with that through a grid by observing image quality for given amounts of scatter. This "grid-equivalent" image quality can be used to determine the circumstances under which a magnification technique can be employed without using a grid.
TL;DR: The radiological changes in a patient with endogenous oxalosis are correlated with their pathological and anatomical counterparts and possible forms of treatment are stressed.
Abstract: Aufgrund eines Falles von endogener Oxalose werden die radiologischen Veranderungen mit ihrem pathologisch-anatomischen Korrelat gezeigt. Die Veranderungen betreffen vor allem die Nieren (Nephrolithiasis, Kalziumoxalatnephrose mit Schrumpfung), das Skelett (Kombination von renaler Knochendystrophie, sekundarem Hyperparathyreoidismus und Oxalatdeposition) sowie die Weichteile (generalisierte Oxalatprazipitation). Auf die in der Literatur erwahnten pathogenetischen Zusammenhange und Therapiemoglichkeiten wird hingewiesen. The radiological changes in a patient with endogenous oxalosis are correlated with their pathological and anatomical counterparts. These involve particulary the kidneys (nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate nephrosis with scarring), the skeleton (combination of renal osteodystrophy, secondary hyperparathyroidism and oxalate deposition), and soft tissues (generalised oxalate deposition). The pathological aspects described in the literature are mentioned and possible forms of treatment are stressed.
TL;DR: Theoretical basis for measuring speed of flow in vessels of conscious patients obtained by estimating dilution of injected contrast is described, and a single measurement point is adequate to obtain a flow profile.
Abstract: Die theoretischen Grundlagen zur Messung der Stromungsgeschwindigkeit in den Gefasen des wachen Menschen aus der Verdunnung der eingegebenen Kontrastsubstanz werden erlautert. Wahrend bisher zwei Mesorte zur Erfassung des Geschwindigkeitsprofils erforderlich waren, erscheint nach den dargelegten methodischen Moglichkeiten ein einziger Mesort uber der Gefasstrecke ausreichend. Bei weitgehend konstanter Kontrastmittelverteilung im Blutstrom wahrend des Abtransportes zur Peripherie kann eine Messung auch fernab vom Injektionsort durchgefuhrt werden. Diese Moglichkeit der Selektion des Mesortes erlaubt die Ausschaltung von Uberlagerungen und beseitigt die Schwierigkeiten der Messungen in gekrummt verlaufenden Gefasstrecken. The theoretical basis for measuring speed of flow in vessels of conscious patients obtained by estimating dilution of injected contrast is described. Previously, measurements at two separate points had to be carried out in order to obtain a flow profile, but with the present method, a single measurement point is adequate. If contrast is distributed evenly in the circulation during its flow to the periphery, the measurement can be carried out at some distance from the point of injection. The ability to select ones point of measurement makes it possible to avoid areas covered by overlying shadows and eliminates the difficulties inherent in measurements in curved vessels. Neue Grundlagen und Theorien zur Verbesserung der Angio-Cine-Densitometrie. IV. Der Einflus einer nicht-kontinuierlichen, pulsierenden Stromung auf das Mesergebnis der Angio-Cine-Densitometrie
TL;DR: Sonography is useful and is indicated for: a) the investigation of non-functioning kidneys, b) patients in whom radio-graphic contrast media are contra-indicated, and c) for puncture of renal cysts.
Abstract: Fur die Lokalisation raumfordernder Nierenprozesse erreicht die Sonographie eine Trefferquote um 93% (n = 55/59). Wegen des Arbeitsaufwands kann die Ultraschalldiagnostik in Form des langsamen B-Bildverfahrens nicht als eine Alternative zur Rontgendiagnostik (Trefferquote um 97%, n = 57/59) gelten. Bei der Artdiagnose, speziell fur die Unterscheidung zwischen Tumor und Zyste, ist die Sonographie mit einer Trefferquote von 98% (n = 54/55) der Rontgendiagnostik (Trefferquote um 50%, n = 21/42) eindeutig uberlegen, der angiographischen Diagnostik ungefahr gleichwertig (Trefferquote: 97%, n = 69/71). Die Sonographie ist nutzvoll, deshalb indiziert: a) bei Abklarung urographisch stummer Niere, b) bei Kontraindikation von Rontgenkontrastmitteln und c) bei Punktion von Nierenzysten. 1. Sonography achieves an accuracy of 93% (n = 55/59) in the localisation of space-occupying lesions in the kidney. Since the method is somewhat laborious, ultra sound, in the form of a slow B-scan, cannot be regarded as an alternative to radiology with an accuracy of 97% (n = 57/59). 2. For a pathological diagnosis, particularly in the distinction between tumours and cysts, sonography, with an accuracy of 98% (n = 54/55) is markedly better than radiology with an accuracy of 50% (n = 21/42). Sonography is approximately equal to angiography, which has an accuracy of 97% (n = 69/71). 3. Sonography is useful and is indicated for: a) the investigation of non-functioning kidneys, b) patients in whom radio-graphic contrast media are contra-indicated, and c) for puncture of renal cysts.
TL;DR: Computerised tomography of the head is a unique radiological method with an exceptional ability in demonstrating intracranial lesions, which will make conventional methods, such as angiography, pneumo-encephalography and brain scanning largely superfluous.
Abstract: Computerised tomography of the head is a unique radiological method with an exceptional ability in demonstrating intracranial lesions. Increasing experience will ensure this method very wide scope in the diagnosis of neurological and neurosurgical diseases; it will make conventional methods, such as angiography, pneumo-encephalography and brain scanning largely superfluous. The frequency of incorrect diagnoses is acceptable and will be further reduced with increasing experience of the method.
TL;DR: The camera-cinematography of the heart method permits detailed observation of cardiac mechanics without the use of a catheter, and allows simultaneous presentation of the movement of any point on the myocardium as a time-activity curve.
Abstract: By "camera-cinematography" of the heart, we mean an isotope method which permits detailed observation of cardiac mechanics without the use of a catheter. All that is necessary is an intravenous injection of 10 to 15 mCi 99mTc human serum albumen followed after ten minutes by a five to ten minute period of observation with a scintilation camera. At this time the isotope has become distributed in the blood. Variations in the precordial impulses correspond with intra-cardiac changes of blood volume during a cardiac cycle. Analysis of the R-wave provides adequate information of cyclical volume changes in limited portions of the heart. This is achieved by a monitor with a pseudo-3-dimensional display; contraction and relaxation of the myocardium can be shown for any chosen longitudinal or horizontal diameter of the heart. Our programme allows simultaneous presentation of the movement of any point on the myocardium as a time-activity curve. The method is recommended as an addition to chest radiography, heart screening or cardiac kymography before carrying out cardiac catheterisation.
TL;DR: In normal rabbit bones, as well as in callus, there are significantly more uptake of 18F than of 85Sr or 99mTc-EHDP and in the presence of hyeraemia, there is no significant difference in the uptake of the various osteotropic radio-nucleides.
Abstract: In normal rabbit bones, as well as in callus, there is significantly more uptake of 18F than of 85Sr or 99mTc-EHDP. Extraosseous abscesses show significantly higher uptake of 99mTc than of 18F or 85Sr. In the presence of hyeraemia, there is no significant difference in the uptake of the various osteotropic radio-nucleides.
TL;DR: The use of splenic embolisation depends on stopping the acute bleeding in order to obtain an interval during which liver function can be improved so that a decompressing shunt operation becomes possible subsequently.
Abstract: Embolisation of the splenic artery with fibrin foam, in order to stop acute bleeding from varices, was carried out in two patients. This was performed immediately after diagnostic arterial indirect demonstration of the portal vein; by this method it is possible to achieve at least a temporary cessation of bleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices. The procedure is indicated in desparate situations, if intubation has been unsuccessful or has had to be discontinued, when endoscopic sclerosis is contra-indicated or when an emergency shunt cannot be carried out because of poor liver function or the general condition of the patient. Permanent results cannot be expected and recurrence of bleeding cannot be avoided. The use of splenic embolisation depends on stopping the acute bleeding in order to obtain an interval during which liver function can be improved so that a decompressing shunt operation becomes possible subsequently.
TL;DR: A new method of retrograde phlebography of the kidney is described, carried out by using a balloon catheter in the renal artery for occluding the circulation, which represents a significant improvement of the hitherto unsatisfactory angiographic techniques.
Abstract: A new method of retrograde phlebography of the kidney is described; it is carried out by using a balloon catheter in the renal artery for occluding the circulation. The procedure has been carried out in 13 patients without complication. Early experience has provided very good results in the diagnosis of malignant renal tumours; invasion into the venous system can be demonstrated radiologically. In particular, in cases of carcinoma of the renal pelvis, this method represents a significant improvement of the hitherto unsatisfactory angiographic techniques.
TL;DR: It is conluded, that the combination of intravenous pyelography and fine needle aspiration biopsy is a safe diagnostic procedure, and it could be a valuable supplement to angiography and explorative incision.
Abstract: On the basis of an analysis in 118 patients with space occupying lesions in the kidney demonstrated on the pyelogram it is conluded, that the combination of intravenous pyelography and fine needle aspiration biopsy is a safe diagnostic procedure, and it could be a valuable supplement to angiography and explorative incision.
TL;DR: In patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism extra-renal clearance is greatly increased, and for patients without bone disease it was four times as high for 18F as it was for 99mTc-EHDP.
Abstract: Renal and extra-renal clearance of 18F and 99mTc-EHDP were compared in the same individuals. The 18F space is twice that of 99mTc-EHDP, as is its renal clearance. 99mTc undergoes glomerular filtration, 18F is excreted by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Extraction rate was determined indirectly by a comparison with extra-renal clearance, and for patients without bone disease it was four times as high for 18F as it was for 99mTc-EHDP. In patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism extra-renal clearance is greatly increased. This is explained by an increased extraction rate, which may be different for the two substances.
TL;DR: The postion of the thoracic duct and its relationship to the spine was examined during the course of 100 autopsies on subjects aged 48 to 95 years, finding variants in its position and variations in shape regarded as pathological changes due to displacement of the aorta.
Abstract: The postion of the thoracic duct and its relationship to the spine was examined during the course of 100 autopsies on subjects aged 48 to 95 years. Four variants in its position and two variants in shape were found, with a percentage incidence of left-sided 36%, mid-line 20%, oblique 17%, rightsided 6%, bowed 14%, angulated 7M. The midline, oblique and right-sided positions are variants related to age or consitution, left-sided postion is regarded as related to age. The variations in shape are regarded as pathological changes due to displacement of the aorta.
TL;DR: In the diagnosis of lymphonodal enlargements in the area of the liver and spleen hilium echotomography proved to be a valuable diagnostic method independent from endolymphatic methods.
Abstract: The indication for ultrasonic examination in addition to endolymphatic methods is discussed. In 23 histologically proved advanced cases the accuracy of lymphography was 77% and in echotomography 74%. In the diagnosis of lymphonodal enlargements in the area of the liver and spleen hilium echotomography proved to be a valuable diagnostic method independent from endolymphatic methods. In X-ray treatments echotomography enables us to estimate the therapeutic result and to evaluate the lymphonodal status. The controls are performed in an out-patient manner.
TL;DR: The characteristic biphasic renal haemodynamic response to diatrizoate injected into the renal artery was shown in the dog with the 133-Xenon washout technique and compares well in its extent with the most potent renal vasodilators.
Abstract: The characteristic biphasic renal haemodynamic response to diatrizoate injected into the renal artery was shown in the dog with the 133-Xenon washout technique. A brief increase in renal blood flow (RBF) during the first ten seconds is followed by a more prolonged period of diminuished RBF. A dose of 4 ml. diatrizoate 60% resulted in the maximum RBF increase of 43% after ten seconds, but even 1 ml. diatrizoate raised the RBF 24%. The initial vasodilator effect of diatrizoate compares well in its extent with the most potent renal vasodilators.