Showing papers in "RUDN Journal of Informatization in Education in 2022"

Special aspects of enrolment onto the training according to the educational programs of higher education in the sphere of the information technologies

Abstract: Problem and goal . Highly-qualified employees of IT section play an important role in the development of a state. Namely they make basic contribution to the innovative development of IT area, communication and telecommunication industries. By the experts’ projections, by the year 2027, the deficit of IT specialists in Russia will make two million people. In accordance with the Federal Program “Digital Economics of the Russian Federation” the educational system is supposed to provide the country by competent manpower. For these reasons some professions related to the IT field were specified and some changes in the admission quotas for universities were introduced. The research is aimed at the search of peculiarities, revealing of factors explaining small number of enrollees and great difference in the level of educational background for admission to studies on educational programs of higher education in the sphere of IT technologies. Methodology. Issues of the development of the information-oriented society and evaluation of the commitment of different regions of the country as well as theoretical aspects of availability of IT specialists have been scrutinized. The study is based on the detailed analysis of the statistical data on admittance of students into IT departments of universities and the number of university graduates trained as IT specialists in Russia. The data analysis has been run and some conclusions have been drawn. Results. The study revealed that the number of enrollees to the IT specialties hardly surpasses the number of state-funded openings. Some basic facts have been highlighted which testify that the list of enrollment tests whilst entering the same specialties in universities are different. Enrollees with different educational background are admitted onto IT-specialties. The research results let find reasons for scatter and varied total score. Conclusion. The obtained results testify that the problem of IT-specialists’ training is the issue of the day. Suggested range of factors can be considered as one of the reasons preventing from choosing the IT-specialties by school leavers.

The features of game mechanics use in teaching computer science for the development of creative thinking of students

Abstract: Problem statement. One of the priority tasks of modern society is the creation of conditions conducive to the upbringing and development of a creative personality. The computer science course has a didactic potential in terms of the formation of initiative, independence, imagination, the ability to set and solve problems. The presented study aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of game mechanics use in teaching computer science to solve the problem associated with the need to develop the creative thinking of students. Methodology . The mechanics “Achievement,” “Reckoning on trust,” “Fun once - always fun,” “User progress” are implemented with game elements and methods in the study of theoretical computer science. Resources of digital services (interactive whiteboards, random selection generators) are used for gamification. The base of the experiment is a secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects in the Stulovo village (Slobodskoy district, Kirov region). The study covered 74 students of the seventh grade (64% - girls and 36% - boys). The average age of the respondents is 13 years. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results. During the game, students study theoretical material, solve a system of creative and non-standard tasks on the topic “Measurement of information.” For each game mechanic, a goal, tasks, sets of rules and restrictions are defined. Statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that have taken place in the system according to the levels of development of creative thinking are identified. Conclusion . The features of the presented version of the application of game mechanics in teaching computer science in terms of the development of creative thinking are described: taking into account the age characteristics of students when formulating message texts, inclusion of digital services, combination of oral and written speech with interaction on a computer network.

Information-motivational environment: quality improvement and self-organization development in the conditions of education informatization

Abstract: Problem and goal. The information technologies influence features and the educational environment on the school education quality are considered. The results of studies of the Unified State Exam, State Russian Exam, Russian Verification Work, international studies (PISA) in national regions (on the example of the Republic of Buryatia) in the conditions of education informatization were studied. The information infrastructure was explored, which includes information resources, information systems of various classes, as a motivation system and students’ self-organization, especially during distance learning. Methodology. The data of these studies were grouped and combined, and then analyzed for problems of the general education quality in the conditions of the information environment using. The data sample was made for 2011-2020, according to such criteria as popular subjects, the general trend in the general education of students, the rating of countries in reading, mathematical and natural science literacy. Results. The information-motivational environment is singled out and its levels (macro, meso, micro) are determined. The technical interaction principle of the subject with the hierarchy of levels in the information-motivational environment is revealed. Conclusion. The information and motivation interaction contributes to the improvement of self-organization and the quality of education. The development of the information and motivational environment and its management can become a necessary technology for the development of a digital-centric person, a criterion for the quality of educational results, a set of measures aimed at creating conditions for obtaining high-quality general education in state and municipal educational organizations in the national regions of the Russian Federation.

Mobile applications for diagnostics, development, and alternative communication for children with language disorders

Abstract: Problem and goal. Language disorders of different kinds may cause personal issues and prevent the successful development of an individual. Early diagnostics and precise correctional recommendations enable such issues to be resolved efficiently in childhood. A modern speech therapist needs mobile facilities that can both make his/her work with prescribed protocols easier and perform high-quality professional diagnostics. Creating software tools is quite important, especially when dealing with children. The peak of prophylactic and therapeutic activities occurs in pre- and primary school age. Methodology. In the scope of this research, the current state of the problem was observed and analyzed, psycholinguistics part and informatics part of the problem were identified, and their interaction was specified. The results of application of these approaches on the base of several longitude psycho-diagnostic experiments were analyzed and evaluated. Results. The software tools to diagnose child language disorders and to develop language abilities in the case of problems are presented. In addition, a tool for an alternative communication via pictograms is described. These tools implement a playing strategy to decrease stress and improve effectiveness. Conclusion. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that mobile approach reduces time for the therapist’s routine duties and makes diagnostic and correctional process attractive for children.

Application of situative vocabulary and linguistic quasi-corpus for language acquisition

Abstract: Problem and goal. Application and integration of ICT-technologies into different human activities and fields of knowledge appeared to be rather fruitful and very promising for further improvement of existing and development of new tools. In particular, it equipped linguistics with very powerful and perspective innovative original tool - linguistic corpus, and opens new horizons for teachers in dealing with actual learning and educational tasks and responds to the challenges of modern life. Two ICT-linguistic tools - situative vocabulary and linguistic quasi-corpus were developed using the ideas of traditional topic vocabulary united with modern telecommunicative tools as blogs and chats and linguistic corpus with specific database and “human” concordance. Methodology. Potential of the tools for improvement of communicative skills in foreign language as well as in mother tongue is analyzed thoroughly and ways of their application are described. Results. Proper application of situative vocabulary and linguistic corpus for educational purposes also helps to develop multiculturalism, foster tolerance - both topics being very actual and even crucial under current circumstances and as areas for different project activities. Conclusion. Combination of ICT and linguistics allows developing modern and perspective tools shown to be effective for different learning situations.

Features of using e-resources when learning Chinese as a second foreign language in secondary school

Abstract: Problem and goal. A priority aspect of learning Chinese as a foreign language is the use of electronic educational complexes and materials. However, in the context of the complex digitalization of society, special factors appear that should be taken into account when developing and implementing appropriate electronic educational tools. The purpose is to explore the features and potential of e-resources for teaching Chinese as a foreign language in secondary school. Methodology. Theoretical analysis and generalization of the literature are used to describe the conditions for effective teaching of the Chinese language, and the problems of improving the quality of students' educational results. The experiment involved 52 students from the Vyatka Humanitarian Gymnasium. Learning Chinese as a foreign language is supported by StudyChinese.ru, Chinese Boost, Shibushi.ru services. Fisher's criterion was used for statistical data processing. Results. In the experimental group, primary school students used e-resources for comprehensive informatization at all stages of learning Chinese as a foreign language (speaking, listening, reading, writing, intercultural communication and collaboration). An assessment of learning outcomes was made and statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system were revealed. The features of using e-resources for integrated informatization in the study of Chinese as a second foreign language in secondary school are described. Conclusion. The types of activities and interactive exercises in the information environment are formulated, which most effectively work to improve the quality of teaching Chinese as a second foreign language.

Shift from traditional into interactive approach: teaching monologue with the use of information and communication technologies

Abstract: Problem and goal. In modern society, the fundamental priorities are both the continuous renewal and recreation of the language personality of students, and the necessary competencies and abilities for the practical application of what has been learned to solve urgent problems. The concept of the formation of a “secondary language personality” that currently exists in the methodology of foreign language education and training implies the unconditional presence of competencies, the key and most significant of which is communicative. The level of formation of communicative competence is determined by the presence of awareness in the perception of the socio-cultural portrait of the country of a foreign language; social, cultural and ethnic tolerance; speech etiquette and courtesy in communication; possibility of finding ways to resolve conflicts in communication. The above tasks take place to be implemented only if the educational process is created and maintained in the context of a dialogue of cultures. But it is impossible without the introduction of information and digital technologies into the educational process. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness and relevance of the application of various methods, techniques and exercises using information technology to develop students’ speech skills (in particular, monologue speech). Methodology. The pedagogical experiment consisted of four stages: the organization of the study, the implementation of the experiment, the identification of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the results of experimental learning, the interpretation of the causes and factors influencing the results. Results. The performance of the experimental group is relatively higher than that of the control group. The explanation for these results can be the different degree of performance of groups, the level of motivation of students, as well as the technologies used in the learning process. The data of the study of the quality of monologue speech at the control stage (test-cut of the experimental group) compared with the indicators of the ascertaining stage increased by an average of 10% in all parameters. Conclusion. Results of the experimental and control groups prove that the quality of the classes, the introduction of innovative and information technologies, as well as the motivation of students play an important role in the process of teaching a foreign language.

The use of interactive game simulators for the development of algorithmic thinking of students in Russian language and literature lessons

Abstract: Problem and goal . The model of formation of competitive qualities of a graduate of a modern digital school assumes that he has a culture of thinking, the ability to generalize, analyze, perceive information, set goals and choose ways to achieve it. The development of relevant skills is actively taking place in the lessons of computer science, mathematics, physics, chemistry. However, the Russian language and literature have a certain didactic potential for the formation of the ability to perform mental operations, choosing the optimal way to achieve the goal, etc. The expediency of using interactive simulators to support the communicative activity of students in the study of the Russian language and literature in order to form algorithmic thinking is substantiated. Metodology. The possibilities of designers of interactive simulators for various purposes are analyzed: for the development of online games (Lingo Play, Kid Mama), quests (Learnis), mobile phones (Alice's Resort, Kotovasia), for creating puzzles, charades, crosswords, metagrams and puzzles with riddles, quizzes. To evaluate the input conditions, testing was used, including blocks on the Russian language, literature, and computer science. The experimental study was conducted in the MOE Secondary School No. 25 of Sochi named after Hero of the Soviet Union S.E. Voitenko at the lessons of Russian language, literature, computer science. The participants of the experiment were 46 schoolchildren from the sixth grades. To create interactive game simulators in the classroom, the online designer of “eTrenics” is used (services “Kokla,” “Krypton,” “Morphanki,” “UFO,” “Potato”). Statistical processing of the results was performed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results. Students study services for creating interactive game simulators, use them to process new words, memorize spelling rules, and the plot of works of art. Statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that occurred in the system according to the levels of development of algorithmic thinking were revealed. Conclusion. Described the features of the presented version of the use of interactive game simulators for the development of algorithmic thinking of schoolchildren in Russian language and literature lessons: inter-network interaction, the design of simulators according to the rules of the Russian language or the plot of the work, the intensification of learning, taking into account the specifics of the “clip” thinking of adolescents.

Digital transformation: basic approaches to defining the notion

Abstract: Problem statement. Changes in society in connection with the diversity of the use of information and communication technologies, has led to the active use of the concept of digital transformation. A complex polysemic notion describes a multifactorial phenomenon, which necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the concepts content. Methodology. This study used bibliometric analysis of the Russian electronic database with built-in analysis tools. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of open sources on the topic of Digitalization of education were analyzed using closed search systems and machine analysis of large texts, such as Microsoft Academic Graph and Dimensions.ai. Content analysis and thematic monitoring were carried out using the keywords digitalization of education, digital transformation, and digital transformation of higher education. The assessment of the level of interest in this topic was carried out according to the statistics of queries using the wordstat.ru resource. Results. The term digital transformation analyzed in a broad context. Digital transformation is defined using philosophical and cultural approaches. The axiological approach sets a broad framework for discussion and requires additional research. Conclusion. A sample of both Russian and foreign works on the problem of digital transformation was made using various means of statistical analysis. Three approaches to the analysis of digital transformation are considered, definitions are formulated and the need to study the transformation of education using an anthropological approach is substantiated.

The organization of educational-project activities of students to create chatbots as a condition for training of future teachers

Abstract: Problem and goal. The training of future teachers in the field of education involves the formation of competencies in the development of software for various purposes, the design of automated control systems for real objects. The development of relevant qualities in the conditions of higher education is complicated by a number of problems of various nature. The authors suggest to improve the training of future specialists to organize project activities of students to create dialogue programs (training bots). Methodology. Project-based training is used for the formation of competencies in the field for informatization of education, obtaining in-demand soft skills, team building. The construction of a chatbot takes place in teamwork. The experiment involved 43 students of the North Caucasus Federal University in the direction of training 44.03.05 “Pedagogical Education with Two Training Profiles.” The assessment of the quality of educational results was carried out using the author's testing of 10 tasks (“credited”/“not credited”). Fischer's criterion was used to establish statistically significant differences. Results. Students studied the services for creating chatbots, the didactic potential and functionality of the received programs, used them to solve problems. Statistically significant differences were revealed in the changes that occurred in the system in terms of the quality of vocational training. The features of the presented variant of the organization of educational activities for the creation of chatbots are described: teamwork, the use of templates and scripts, and the choice of project topics. Conclusion. Problematic questions are formulated, the answers to which allow us to determine the directions of work on the construction of chatbots: discussion of the development goal and didactic goal, the use of blocks and actions, modeling interaction scenarios, etc.

Cluster approach to criteria evaluation of the quality of a student’s educational outcome

Abstract: Problem and goal . The issues of criteria-based evaluation of the student's educational results remain relevant for the modern theory and practice of education. As a rule, measures to monitor educational results and resources in educational institutions are carried out by expert, manual, non-automated methods. In accordance with the directions of digital transformation of education, it is necessary to create a technological assessment system that meets the requirements of modern society, subject to automation and intellectualization. The purpose of the work is to substantiate a new model of criteria-based assessment of the quality of the educational result, based on the mathematical methods of the theory of clustering and pattern recognition and allowing to automate the procedures for assessing the quality of educational objects, resources, educational and personal achievements of students. Methodology. The quality of an educational result or resource is determined by criteria indicators, which can be represented as features of the evaluated object using the information vector. By clustering the set of acceptable objects into three classes - with low, medium and high quality - it is possible to evaluate an object by its belonging to one of these classes. Clustering is carried out on the basis of a mining algorithm, the metric of city blocks is taken as a measure of the similarity of objects. Results. A program has been developed that consists of a source data module, a clustering module, and a recognition and training module. The model results of the program correlate with traditional rating assessments, in which the quality of the object is determined by a point scale. The obtained test results confirm the validity of the recognition algorithm and the correctness of the software product. Conclusion. Thus, the proposed model based on clustering and the recognition method showed the possibility of automated assessment of the quality of educational results of trainees and educational resources.

Development of students’ scientific knowledge on computer modeling while teaching inverse problems for differential equations

Abstract: Problem statement. Currently, the higher school provides students of physical and mathematical training areas with fundamental subject knowledge, forms professional competencies, develops creative abilities and creativity, teaches them to use modern computer technologies to solve applied problems. One of such academic disciplines, in which students are taught to use computer technologies in solving applied mathematical problems, is a training course called Inverse problems for differential equations. Such an academic discipline has been taught in some Russian universities in the form of elective courses since the 70s of the 20th century. The educational material of this training course includes advanced research results on inverse problems belonging to specialists from different countries, such as Germany, Italy, China, Sweden, Netherlands, Russia, Japan and other foreign countries. During the practical classes, much attention is paid to the use of computer simulation for the study of such applied problems. This circumstance implies the development of educational materials taking into account the professional training of university students, in which attention should be paid to the use of computer modeling in solving mathematical models of inverse problems. Methodology. The implementation of training of university students in physical and mathematical areas of training involves taking into account modern scientific achievements of world science in the field of inverse problems using computer simulation and implementing advanced pedagogical technologies in the classroom. Results. Students acquire scientific knowledge of computer modeling and master the wide possibilities of computer modeling in the study of inverse problems. Conclusion. The presence of scientific knowledge in the field of computer simulation and practical experience of its application for solving inverse problems gives students great advantages and opportunities to be successful specialists in the field of applied mathematics and to be in demand on the labor market in various spheres of human activity.

Engineering design as a general area of study of informatics at the school of International Baccalaureate

Abstract: Problem and goal. The features of the work of the direction of engineering design are revealed, taking into account the peculiarities of teaching under the International Baccalaureate program as part of the school curriculum to prepare students for the choice of a future profile of education in high school. Objectives: 1) to analyze the features of the work of this academic subject, taking into account the specifics of teaching the subject group “Design” within the framework of the International Baccalaureate program; 2) describe the features of this direction; 3) sum up the results of the work and development prospects of students studying according to the presented curriculum, taking into account the peculiarities of the implementation of this curriculum. Methodology. A set of research methods was used: analysis of regulatory documents, determination of priority tasks for teaching this area, work experience. Results . The experience of working with secondary school students within the framework of the presented direction is analyzed, features and opportunities for further work are identified. Conclusion. Education taking into account the implementation of the features of the International Baccalaureate program allows students to prepare for the choice of a future profile (future profession), get acquainted with information opportunities, and prove themselves when working with various information technologies at an early stage of education.