Showing papers in "Science & Justice in 2023"

TL;DR: In this article , the authors draw attention to the introduction of data collected by COVID-19 tracing apps as evidence in criminal proceedings and the novel considerations this evidence presents for criminal justice agents and digital forensics professionals.

TL;DR: In this article , a thematic review explores the ethical considerations that contribute to the creation and use of 3D printed human remains for forensic purposes, and suggests that holistic ethics cognition training may have value in supporting forensic scientists in ethical decision-making, together with procedural and structural design that may promote best practice and reduce cognitive load.

TL;DR: In this paper , the performance of traditional and recent swabbing techniques was compared and the impact of swabing duration on DNA recovery was investigated, and the results showed that the wet-moist double-swabbing technique with a swabs duration of 30 s maximised DNA recovery from cotton swatches and porcelain tiles.

TL;DR: In this paper , experiments with mammal cadavers were conducted to determine the occurence of an event using botanical evidence, such as whole plants or their larger fragments (e.g., tree bark, leaves, seeds, prickles, and thorns).

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a detailed examination of the investigative workflow from crime scene to courtroom with each step in the pipelines detailed and discussed, focusing on the collection and analysis of biological material used to support the allegation that the sexual activity was non-consensual and providing a breakdown of common marks and trauma as well as a review of common analytical methods used to infer Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors used polyester fiber, which is the most commonly found fiber in forensic cases, as a model and established a UHPLC-Orbitrap MS method to analyze disperse dyes on polyester fibers.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors present the outcome of an empirical study where different assault activities were simulated by a Jiu Jitsu team and participants were asked to play either the role of an aggressive "assailant" or a defensive "victim", wearing cotton garments (i.e., Gi's).

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored whether odors are valuable memory cues and can act as memory triggers, and they found no significant effects of odor exposure on the free or the cued recall of the crime scene.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the potential and limitations of data2activity traces, focusing on challenges and giving two examples to illustrate potential pitfalls in interpreting data and future research directions into data 2 activity traces are indicated that, in their opinion, should be given attention.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors present current applications of AR in forensics and forensic medicine, the technological basics of AR, and the advantages that AR brings for forensic investigations, and have a brief look at other fields of application and at future developments of AR.

TL;DR: Busey & Klutzke as mentioned in this paper argued that the likelihood ratio need not be quantitative but could be based on the expert's subjective evaluation, which is incorrect. But they also argued that Morrison argued in favour of subjective assignment of likelihood-ratio values.

TL;DR: In this article , the characteristics of 7.65mm fired cartridge cases obtained by controlled shots from blank firing modified pistols were examined, and their detection performances were compared by means of the Balistika system.

TL;DR: In this paper , a combination of both inkless and ink footprint collection systems were used to obtain a total of 206 bare footprints from 103 adult participants from the United States and India.

TL;DR: In this article , the sensitivity of ToF-SIMS on three common exhibit-type surfaces - paper, polyethylene and stainless-steel was compared to standard processes, and an adapted Home Office grading scale was used to evaluate the efficacy of fingerprint development by ToF -SIMS and to provide a framework for comparison with standard processes.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide information on the prevalence and types of latent print image editing within one laboratory (i.e., Houston Forensic Science Center), examine the potential effect of image editing on objective print quality and clarity, and explore potential examiner differences in editing effectiveness.

TL;DR: In this article , the inorganic gunshot residue component collected from shooting patterns obtained on woven cotton cloth using a Pietro Beretta model 70 pistol, cal. 7.65 mm and Serbian ammunition for the following muzzle-to-target distances: 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 cm.

TL;DR: In this paper , a growing program of drivers who set out for travel following directions from their GPS device and never return has been identified, referred to as "death by GPS." From giving incorrect directions, to taking motorists to isolated areas, to directing motorists into unsafe neighborhoods, GPS technology has led several people into catastrophic scenarios.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors compared the understanding of chemical reaction with that achieved by students majoring in chemistry, as a prerequisite for future professional collaboration and communication, using previously validated and published tests developed to assess students' knowledge, comprehension, and application of the concept of chemical reactions.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discuss the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in the forensic context.

TL;DR: In this paper , a proper framework for the evaluation of forensic findings has been developed since the late twentieth century, based on the hierarchy of propositions, Bayesian reasoning and a model for case assessment and interpretation.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide information on the prevalence and types of latent print image editing within one laboratory (i.e., Houston Forensic Science Center), examine the potential effect of image editing on objective print quality and clarity, and explore potential examiner differences in editing effectiveness.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors performed a retrospective analysis to propose an optimized strategy, which includes a survey, exhumation, digital documentation, and post-processing components, with the aim of minimizing the effects of adverse environmental conditions.

TL;DR: In this article , the cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents: water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors estimate random match frequency of randomly acquired characteristics (RAC-RMF) in a research database comprised of 1,300 outsoles with more than 80,000 RACs.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the background of blood, saliva, semen and autosomal DNA on penile swabs and underpants from males in the absence of recent sexual activity.