Showing papers in "The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University in 1984"

New method for local drug delivery using resorbable base material in periodontal therapy.

Abstract: A new method for local drug delivery to the subgingival plaque was developed using hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as a base material. Using this material prepared in the form of strips containing antimicrobial drugs, the clinical and microbiological effects by this method on the human periodontal disease were studied. Before the clinical trials, the rate of the drug release from the strips was studied. Both drugs used in this study (CH: chlorhexidine and TC: tetracycline) were released almost within 2 hours from the strips in vitro. In the gingival crevicular fluid, however, it was found that the TC was maintained for 24 hours after the local delivery. Five patients who had deep pockets contralaterally were selected. The CH-containing HPC strips (5%) were applied in one pocket of each patient and the placebo strips were applied in other pocket on day 0, 2 and 4. Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depth and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing were recorded on day 0, 2, 4 and 6. Marked reduction of bleeding on probing was found in the pockets applied the CH-containing HPC strips. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus in these pockets (p less than 0.01).

Morphological analysis of the fascial lamination of the trunk.

Abstract: For a fuller understanding of the fascial relationships of the visceral organs and their vessels, a general scheme is presented. According to this scheme, there are four basic layers internal as well as external to the trunk musculature. In the abdomen, the internal layers (numbered outwards) consist of (1) the peritoneum, (2) the deep layer of the subperitoneal fascia, (3) the superficial layer of the subperitoneal fascia and (4) the transversalis fascia, while the external layers (numbered inwards) comprise (1) the skin, (2) the superficial layer of the subcutaneous fascia, (3) the deep layer of the subcutaneous fascia and (4) the investing layer of the abdominal fascia. Each interfascial space between layers 2 and 3 gives passage to the main vessels and nerves and will be referred to as the "neurovascular corridor." By the addition of some slight modifications to the basic scheme, the fascial relationships of some organs is illustrated. Photographs of dissections, substantiating the schemes are also included. The schemes and dissections together demonstrate three points: The mammary gland to be situated within the neurovascular corridor, external to the thorax, That the layers of the renal fascia, comprising layers 2 and 3, continue into the pelvic cavity to form the fascia around the ureter and urinary bladder, An outline arrangement of the vascular sheath in the pelvis.

Effects of acupuncture anesthesia on the pituitary gland.

Abstract: The skin pain threshold was elevated significantly by weak and nonstressful acupuncture stimulation. Although an analgesic effect was obtained by acupuncture stimulation, the beta-E, ACTH, GH and TSH levels were not changed. These findings indicate that these hormone levels were not necessarily related to the skin pain threshold elevation. It is concluded therefore that an analgesic effect was induced without involving the pituitary gland by the weak acupuncture stimulation employed in our study. However, the magnitude of the stimulation may determine whether or not an analgesic effect is mediated by the pituitary gland. The possibility remains that strong acupuncture stimulation produces stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Further detailed research should be attempted.

Morphometric analysis of sural nerve in elderly diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Biopsy specimens of the sural nerve obtained from 28 middle-aged and elderly diabetics suffering from neuropathy were studied morphometrically Myelinated nerve fiber density, especially large fibers, was decreased, and the bimodal distribution of myelinated fiber diameter shifted to unimodal distribution containing only a small fiber peak and the mean diameter of myelinated fiber was decreased An insulin-treated group and a group with severe retinopathy showed a prominent decrease of myelinated fiber density; the severity and duration of diabetes may be a factor in this decrease Large unmyelinated nerve fibers were also decreased and the mean diameter of unmyelinated fibers was reduced Three patients with prominent autonomic nervous system symptoms showed a significant reduction of total unmyelinated fibers The linear correlation between the square root of the transverse axis cylinder area and the number of myelin lamellae was obscured, and the plots were towards two directions, axonal atrophy and remyelination in diabetes The latter process tended to be dominant in the middle-aged patients, but the importance of these two processes was reversed with age To discuss the morphological changes of the sural nerve in diabetic neuropathy, the influence of aging as well as the duration, severity and clinical symptoms should be considered

The effect of colchicine on the pigmentation of the enamel surface in rat incisors.

Abstract: The effect of colchicine and lumicolchicine on the secretion of an iron-containing pigment vesicle onto the enamel surface in the rat maxillary incisors has been studied histologically and by line scan analysis of the iron with an X-ray microanalyzer. Rats were killed at intervals of 12 and 24 hours and 3, 6 and 10 days after the subcutaneous injection of colchicine or lumicolchicine at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. At 10 days after the colchicine injection, two pigmentation-free bands were observed on the enamel surface in each pair of incisors. By the line scan analysis of the iron with an X-ray microanalyzer, the pigmentation-free bands corresponded to the decrease of the iron concentration profile. By the histological observation at 12 and 24 hours after the injection, no remarkable changes were observed from the late pigmentation stage to the regression stage. However, at 3 and 6 days after the injection, the pigmentation-free bands appeared on the enamel surface. A large number of pigment vesicles was observed in the ameloblasts and in the papillary cells facing the pigmentation-free bands. These phenomena were not observed in the rats injected with lumicolchicine. The present study suggests that the secretion of an iron-containing pigment vesicle in the ameloblasts onto the enamel surface is mediated by the microtubules.

Genetic study on the congenital dislocation of the hip.

Abstract: A clinical and epidemiological study on congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) was attempted with a genetic analysis of this condition, and the following results were obtained. The frequency of CDH in the general population is 0.08% in males and 0.59% in females, the latter being clearly higher. In examining the changes in the frequency of CDH over the years using the data reported in the literature, a statistically significant tendency for the frequency to decrease in more recent years was noted. It was confirmed by the recurrence rate of the subsequent sibling and twin data that CDH is a multifactorial disease, and, in estimating its heritability, in males h2 = 0.94-1.01 and in females h2 = 1.38, which are markedly high estimates exceeding the limit of 1. This is perhaps attributable to the small number of patients in this series and to the differences in the characteristics between the data on the frequency of CDH in the general population and those of the present pedigree study. When the corrected value of the frequency in the general population was used in estimating the heritability, in males h2 = 0.54 approximately 0.74 and in females h2 = 0.68, which are almost identical to the American data.

Biochemical and serological studies on oral ureaplasma.

Abstract: This study was conducted to study chemically and serologically the characteristics of the Ureaplasmas isolated from the human oral cavity. Two hundred and fifty-one healthy and 12 periodontitis subjects were examined for the incidence of the isolation of Ureaplasmas from their oral cavity. A total of twenty-six strains was isolated from the healthy human saliva. But no strains could be isolated from a variety of clinical specimens obtained from the patients. The serological properties of the isolates were tested by the method of metabolism inhibition test (MI test). Seven out of 26 isolates were serologically identical with either one of the ATCC standard strains. However, the serological types of the other strains could not be demonstrated by the MI test. The biological characteristics of 4 isolates and ATCC strains were tested by the usual method. The isolates did not metabolize glucose and arginine, while all strains hydrolyzed urea. On the other hand, none of the isolates lysed skimmed milk and gelatin. The proteolytic activity of the isolates could be demonstrated by using casein and horse serum proteins as substrates. Zymogram patterns from one of the isolates and Streptococcus salivarius were obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cells lysed with digitonin or cell protein extracts. On the basis of the gel electrophoresis patterns, it is clear that the urease of the Ureaplasma is different from that of the Streptococcus salivarius.

The functional and biochemical changes of platelets in experimental decompression sickness of rabbits.

Abstract: The functional and biochemical changes of rabbit platelets were studied after an exposure to 6 ATA (atmosphere absolute) for 40 min (bottom time). Platelet counts significantly decreased after the decompression. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen was not changed. Although there was no change in the mode volume of platelets after the decompression, the transient appearance of circulating smaller or fragmented platelets suggested a random over-destruction of platelets. Whole and releasable adenine nucleotide contents of platelets were decreased significantly after the decompression. There were no significant changes in cytoplasmic adenine nucleotide contents. Therefore, in decompression sickness, the circulating platelets behaved similarly to those in acquired storage pool disease. Platelet thrombi were found in the pulmonary arteries. These findings suggest that circulating air-bubbles interact with platelets, causing the platelet release reaction, and these activated platelets participate in the formation of thrombi in experimental decompression sickness.

Dental survey in Nigeria. Part I. Prevalence of dental caries in Nigeria.

Abstract: A joint dental epidemiological survey was carried out in 1981 in the ancient city of Ile-Ife and its environs in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The survey was made with the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Oyo State, Nigeria, as the base. The occurrence of caries in 898 Nigerian school children of 509 urban and 389 rural children was compared with the occurrence of caries in the Japanese children. The results showed that the incidence of caries in the Nigerian school children was much lower than that of their Japanese counterpart. However, it is projected that with the increase in the consumption of sweet drinks and food in Nigeria, if superimposed on the existing poor oral hygiene, the incidence of caries will increase greatly.

Susceptibility of the Danish housefly, Musca domestica Linné to pyrethroid.

Abstract: The insecticidal activity of a new pyrethroid, fenvalerate, and the effects of its synergists were evaluated using te 49-s and 381-s strains from Denmark which are both resistant to pyrethroid. It was found that the effect of fenvalerate was poor on the pyrethroid-resistant strains and little was expected from the addition of its synergists. Rapid development of resistance was observed in the 49-s strain during the selection with permethrin.

High density lipoprotein and diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: The serum HDL2-C, HDL3-C, apo AI and apo AII levels were measured in the non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDD) and normal subjects to study the metabolism of HDL in the diabetics. The serum HDL2-C levels in the insulin-treated group were significantly higher than those in the normal group in which the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), obesity index and age were matched whereas there was no difference between the serum HDL2-C levels in the oral agent-treated group or group treated by diet only and those in the normal group. These suggest that insulin increases the HDL2-C levels and the increase of the HDL2-C levels is not directly related to changes in the serum TC and TG levels, obesity index and age. No significant differences in the serum apo AI and apo AII levels were found between the insulin group and normal group. From these results it is suggested that in the insulin group the cholesterol/apoprotein ratio in the HDL2 is higher than that in the normal group. The serum apo AI and apo AII levels were significantly lower in the diabetics with an ischemic heart disease (IHD) than those in the diabetics without the IHD. The results show that in the diabetics the apo AI and apo AII play an important role in preventing the development of IHD.

Evaluation of periventricular hypodensity in adult hydrocephalus with CT cisternography and xenon-enhanced CT.

Abstract: Metrizamide CT cisternography and Xenon-enhanced CT were employed to evaluate the periventricular hypodensity (PVH). CT cisternography was performed on adult cases with suspected communicating hydrocephalus, of which 43 cases showing ventricular reflux were investigated. In those cases in which significant transition of metrizamide into the area of PVH was followed after the ventricular reflux and stasis, the shunt operation was effective. The PVH disappeared post-operatively. However, in cases with PVH in which the metrizamide penetration did not occur, the PVH did not disappear post-operatively and clinical improvement was not detected. Xenon-enhanced CT was performed in six cases. Three cases exhibited communicating hydrocephalus, in which the area of PVH was not enhanced by metrizamide with CT cisternography. The other cases demonstrated acute high pressure hydrocephalus. The PVH in the former cases was neither enhanced by Xenon nor metrizamide, while the latter was enhanced significantly. Studies suggested that the reversible PVH was the result of an abnormally increased transition of cerebrospinal fluid through the ependymal layer, while the irreversible PVH resulted from the axonal destruction or demyelination of the periventricular white matter.

Detection of coronary arterial lesions by two dimensional echocardiography in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Abstract: A two-dimensional echocardiographic examination was conducted on 184 patients with Kawasaki disease iteratively from the acute phase to the convalescent phase. Aneurysms or dilatation of the coronary arteries were observed in 37 patients (20.1%). Among these 37 patients, 22 had persistent abnormality even after eight weeks from the onset. In the remaining 15 patients, abnormal findings disappeared within eight weeks. Coronary angiography was performed on all of these 37 patients and compared with the findings of echocardiography. In consequence, echocardiographic findings were concordant with those of the angiography in 35 patients. Therefore, the two-dimensional echocardiographic examination is thought to be a reliable noninvasive method for evaluating the coronary arterial lesions of Kawasaki disease in the acute phase.

Oscillations of membrane potential and tension in canine ventricular muscle fibers.

Abstract: The membrane potentials and isometric tension of canine ventricular muscle fibers in the K+-free, Ca2+-rich solution developing oscillatory afterpotentials (OAPs) were recorded simultaneously The OAPs were always accompanied by aftercontractions (ACs) Both activities appeared with almost a similar frequency and timing The amplitude of the OAPs, ACs and twitch tension were dependent on the basic cycle length of the train as well as on the number of impulses The manner of this dependence was similar in the OAPs and ACs but showed a slight difference in the twitch tension The increase in the [Ca2+]0 and the application of isoproterenol caused augmentation of the OAPs during the application By washing out the drug, the OAPs and ACs quickly recovered to the control level but the twitch tension did not The application of 2 mM K+ or Rb+ quickly and reversibly abolished the OAPs and ACs with a marked suppression of the twitch tension One mM of caffeine eliminated the oscillations of both the membrane potentials and tension The wash-out of caffeine brought about a transient increase in the OAPs and ACs Two or five mM of procaine caused a complete elimination of the OAPs and ACs These results suggest that the OAPs are formed by a process related to the cyclic release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Relation of family history of hypertension to platelet aggregation, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and urinary kallikrein excretion.

Abstract: Some of the relatively easily measurable and possibly hypertension-associated parameters were evaluated in thirty normotensive young subjects divided into the PHT (either parent hypertensive) group and the PNT (both parents normotensive) group. In subjects of the PHT group, the platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased while urinary kallikrein excretion was decreased without simultaneously significant elevation of blood pressure. The enhanced platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the increased ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol suggest that subjects with a positive family history of hypertension might have a greater tendency to atherosclerosis and could contribute to the development of essential hypertension. Decreased urinary kallikrein excretion suggests that the vasodepressive activity of the kallikrein-kinin system might be inhibited in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension.

Effect of irradiation with CO2 laser on dog periodontal tissues.

Abstract: The effects of CO2 laser irradiation on the premolar and molar vestibular gingiva of twenty-one mongrel dogs were studied. The relationship between the irradiated energy, damage due to the radiation and the healing process were observed macroscopically and microscopically. Bleeding was not observed during radiation. The ray did not reach the bone, and damages to the soft tissue could heal easily at less than 10 J irradiation. When the irradiation energy was increased higher than 20 J the healing process was significantly delayed, and irreversible damage to the tooth, partial loss of the alveolar crest and sequestra formation were observed in some cases.

Analysis of sialic acids in bovine intestinal mucins.

Abstract: Molecular species of sialic acids released by mild acid hydrolysis from mucins of bovine small and large intestine were characterized by two dimensional thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The small and large intestinal mucins contained both N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Although O-acetylated derivatives were not detectable in the small intestinal mucin, 9-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid was demonstrated in the large intestinal mucin by thin-layer chromatography and its structure was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Moreover, the presence of three kinds of O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid and five kinds of O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid in the large intestinal mucin was suggested by thin-layer chromatography and mass chromatography. The limited distribution of O-acetylated neuraminic acids suggests that their derivatives are only produced in the mucous glands of the large intestine.

Changes in abutment tooth mobility by wearing parital denture: a continued report.

Abstract: Follow-up measurements of the abutment tooth mobility were carried out to examine the mobility changes for a long period of 12 to 14 years. The subjects were 6 patients, having 12 abutments and they were wearing mandibular unilateral distal extension partial dentures of the same design. These results were as follows: The tooth mobility of the abutment hadn't increased exclusively by the wearing of the distal extension denture over a 10-year period. Among the 12 abutments, 7 abutments showed nearly the same degree of mobility as the initial level, and the mobility of the other 4 abutments increased slightly. However, one abutment alone was extracted because of severe increased mobility. There was an extremely slight difference in the mobility between both abutments and the mobility of each abutment presented nearly the same amount. Also the tendency in the mobility change indicated a similar pattern. The long-term prognosis of mandibular unilateral distal extension partial denture, of the most common clasp design, presented a favourable state during the 12 to 14 years, judging from the changes in the abutment mobility.

Studies of the effects of fluoroacetate on ameloblasts in rat incisor.

Abstract: The effects of fluoroacetate on the ameloblasts were studied in the rat incisor. Fluoroacetate is an inhibitor of tricarboxylic acid cycle and accumulation of citrate occurred in the animal tissues due to fluoroacetate administration. In the present study, fluoroacetate injection caused severe morphologic changes in the ameloblasts. The most prominent change was observed in the mitochondria. Reduction of the mitochondrial matrix density was the earliest change followed by varying degrees of matrix swelling. Loss of the matrix granules and disintegration of the cristae were also observed. The difference in the mitochondrial activities in regard to the citrate metabolism was found between the matrix formation stage and the maturation stage in the ameloblasts. Extensive dilatation of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and grossly enlarged vacuoles were found mainly in the early maturation stage at 12 and 24 hours after the fluoroacetate administration. These abnormally large vacuoles seemed to be caused by the water stored within the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Accumulation of plasma citrate and decrease of ionized calcium concentration in the whole blood were observed in the fluoroacetate treated group. These findings suggest that fluoroacetate may cause the lowering of the function of the ameloblasts through the suppression of cell energy production and that both the secretion of the matrix and the calcification of the enamel may be inhibited.

Establishment of human glioblastoma multiforme cell line, G5A.

Abstract: A new cell line, G5A, was established from a human glioblastoma multiforme of the primary site and maintained for 25 months, subcultivated 36 times. The cloned cells showed morphologically epithelial-like patterns and loss of glial filaments. The cells inoculated in the nude mice produced tumors in 100% of the mice. The plating efficiency of the cell line was 20.9% in a standard culture. The modal chromosome number was 63 with many morphological abnormalities. The generation time was 22.9 hours and the parameters of the cell cycle were clarified by the percent labeled mitosis analysis. No morphological differentiation of the cell line was induced by the chemical differentiation-inducers.