Showing papers in "The Family Coordinator in 1972"

The Child in his family

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Heterosexual Cohabitation Among Unmarried College Students.

Abstract: This article is an initial exploration of unmarried cohabitation as experienced by female students at Cornell University, and includes a description of the nature of the relationship, the reasons for involvement, and attendant problems and benefits. Discussion is based on intensive interviews with fifteen junior and senior women, and questionnaire responses from 29 junior and senior women, all of whom had experienced cohabitation. The author suggests that living together unmarried is becoming an increasingly common aspect of campus courtship and is frequently associated with the "going steady" phase of the dating relationship. Implications for research and education are indicated.

A Behavioral-Exchange Model for Marital Counseling.

Abstract: An approach to marriage counseling based on the principles of reciprocity and social exchange is described. Behavior modification techniques are utilized to implement this program designed to resolve marital conflict between spouses. Following an educational model throughout the program, spouses are encouraged to negotiate their own reciprocal-exchange contracts with decreasing dependency on the counseloreducator. A case study is presented to illustrate the functionality of the model.

The Premarital Sexual Revolution Among College Females.

Abstract: A survey of 395 college students in a southern university was conducted to ascertain the extent of change in sexual behavior and attitudes from data gathered five years ago. The major changes in reported incidence of premarital coitus and petting were manifested by females with males remaining approximately the same as the previous study. Attitudes toward certain aspects of sexual behavior were reported by the females to be more liberal while the males were more conservative than in the previous study.

Androgyny as a life style.

Abstract: The present paper discusses androgyny, or a society with no sex role differentiation, as a life style. It is the opinion of the authors that such a style offers a viable option for many individuals in the near future. Traditional sex role socialization, and the results of such socialization, have been discussed. It has been pointed out that harmful effects to individuals of both sexes have frequently resulted from traditional norms. The authors have presented thoughts concerning prospects and directions for future change and have discussed areas where meaningful research is needed.

A Comparison of Mexican and Mexican-American Families.

Abstract: An attempt was made to ascertain some of the major features of the Mexican family which have been retained by the Mexican-American family within the United States. Available literature which commented on the family systems was surveyed. Sufficient information for comparisons was found concerning male-female relationships, family organization, courtship and marriage, husband-wife relationships and parent-child relationships. Present literature largely presents only a generalized view of both families. Many variables such as religion, social class, language, education, physical and social mobility, acculturation, and assimilation are not appropriately considered in the case of the Mexican-American family.

Emerging Patterns of Innovative Behavior in Marriage.

Abstract: Free love, dyadic marriage with or without nonconsensual adultery, swinging, open marriage, intimate friendship, evolutionary communes, and group marriage are points on a continuum of increasing complexity in interrelationship, free love representing the least complex and group marriage the most complex relationship in which intimacy occurs The proposed model suggests that these are innovative rather than deviant marriage alternatives, their antecedents in society, and how couples move from one to another point on this continuum The model reconciles inconsistencies between previous studies, suggests areas for further research, and provides a cogent way of analyzing and evaluating pair-bond behavior

A Diagnostic Tool for Marital and Family Therapy: The SIMFAM Technique.

Abstract: Although marital and family therapists seek to treat the interactional pattern of a family rather than focus exclusively on personality dynamics, there are few diagnostic tools which provide objective data on marital and family interaction processes. If the family therapists have attempted to make a diagnosis using standardized tests, they probably have relied on traditional instrments such as the MMPI, the Rorschach, or the TAT. Thus, even though family therapists have generally shifted away from emphasizing individual personality as a locus of treatment to focusing on the family as a system, there has not been a corresponding shift in diagnostic evaluations, and this is mainly because appropriate diagnostic tools are not generally available. A more comprehensive discussion of the research, theory, and clinical practice of marital and family theiapy is contained in a recent review article. (Olson, 1970) In attempting to develop valid diagnostic measures for family therapists, one becomes aware of the inadequacy of relying on self-report measures of marital and family dynamics. There is presently considerable research (Bachove and Zubaly, 1959; Kenkel, 1963; Levinger, 1963; Olson, 1969b,

Attitudes of lower class males toward taking a male birth control pill.

Abstract: This study is based on interviews regarding attitudes toward birth control pills for men vasectomy and birth control pills for women. Responses are from 93 lower-class males (9 1/2 years education $4500 per year income average age 39 married 15 years 41% while and 59% Black mostly Protestant). 47% objected to use of a male pill 51% objected to a female pill 59% objected to vasectomy. Younger men objected less to pills but more to vasectomy. Education regarding the subject is positively related to favorable attitudes toward all 3 types of birth control especially toward a male pill. Whites objected less to male contraception while Blacks objected less to female use of the pill. The fathering of children if often thought to be a sign of masculinity among lower-class males. Reeducation to the idea that voluntary temporary sterilization with a pill or permanent sterilization through vasectomy should not be thought of as emasculation will be necessary.

Counseling Implications of Comarital and Multilateral Relations

Abstract: Counselors may expect an increasing number of marriages to include open intimate involvement with others either as an adjunct to the marriage or as an integral part of it. Some elements of these marital styles are extensions of the more conventional dyadic relationship but.others appear to be relatively unique or to require a new focus. Key problem areas are noted and application to counseling situations is made.

Research on Black Sexuality: Its Implication for Family Life, Sex Education, and Public Policy*

Abstract: In American society there exists a cultural belief that Blacks have lower morals than whites The higher rate of out-of-wedlock births, a greater incidence of consensual unions, the sexual liasons of white men with Black women all serve to fortify this cultural image of Black people as a sexually animated group that is immune to any restraints on its sexual conduct This image of Blacks as a sexually liberated people has inculcated in the public mind a host of myths concerning the sexual behavior of Afro-Americans It should be understood that Blacks arrived in this country from societies where the sexual impulse was under firm family and community controls (De Rachewitz, 1964) It was under the experience of slavery that pronounced alterations of Black sexual behavior transpired The practice of breeding slaves like animals, the coercive nature of sex relations between white men and Black women, the lack of a legal basis to marriage all tended to encourage permissive sexual behavior among America's Black population (Frazier, 1939) These are historical events which left their imprint on any sexual sub-culture found in the Black community Class factors must

Parent Education in Popular Literature: 1950-1970.

Abstract: Content analyses of popular literature publications have been performed for data from 1820 to 1948. The purposes of the present study were to extend these analyses to present times and to describe what were advocated as "good" childrearing procedures over the past 20 years. Results indicated that during the years 1950 to 1970, the primary topics of interest in three women's magazines were socialization of children (24 percent), parent child relations (20 percent), and developmental stages (17 percent). Changes in advice-giving indicated a shift from encouraging parents to rear children to conform with anticipated adult life styles to rearing children to become self-actualizing individuals.

Is Parent-Child Conflict What We Mean by the Generation Gap?.

Abstract: A few years ago, we reported some findings on similarities in values and other personality characteristics between college students and their middle-aged parents. (Troll, Neugarten, and Kraines, 1969) On the basis of those data, and the findings of others since (Bengtson, 1970; Thomas, 1971; Haan, 1971), it appears that we need to be more cautious in generalizing about a "generation gap" than we originally were. There was more similarity in basic values such as dedication to causes, humanitarianism, conventional moralism, and intellectualism between the two generations in the family than between the various college students in the same generation. Furthermore, while we were interviewing the respondents in that study, we were surprised by the basically friendly and even admiring attitudes toward each other held by the college students and their parents-even within the half of the sample that were left-wing student activists. Not only were the youth failing to live up to the stereotype of family rebels, but also their parents were remarkably undisturbed by their children's putative rebellion against them. Instead, many of them expressed satisfaction and pride in their children's political and social activities and only worried in a shamefaced way that they might get hurt in the process of doing what was right. So far as ideological or basic values were concerned, conflict would not be between parents and children but between one group of parents and their