Showing papers in "The Open Psychology Journal in 2017"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed several factors as stress sources enabled to menace teachers' general well-being; however, protective factors mostly related to their personal resources may differently characterize teachers' profiles.
Abstract: Received: September 18, 2017 Revised: November 13, 2017 Accepted: December 12, 2017 Abstract: Background: Burnout syndrome represents a factual risk for school teachers during their career. Several factors have been analyzed as stress sources enabled to menace teachers’ general well-being; nevertheless, protective factors mostly related to their personal resources may differently characterize teachers’ profiles.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a cognitive approach to emotional processing that includes appraisal of an event, subjective experience, physiological change, emotion expression, and action tendencies, which is a multidimensional activity.
Abstract: 1.1. Emotional Appraisal Process and Affect States Emotional processing is a multidimensional activity that includes appraisal of an event, subjective experience, physiological change, emotion expression, and action tendencies [1 4]. Experiencing events that cause emotions requires individuals to engage in judgment or appraisal of significance or relevance of these occurrences vis-à-vis their own personal motives, goals, or concerns [5 7]. Appraisal theory represents a cognitive approach to emotional processing.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study aimed at constructing a peace pedagogy model which could foster a culture of peace in any educational institution, and the implementation process of a peace model in a school environment was described.
Abstract: In this regard and because of the need to develop a harmonious and peaceful world, the present study aimed at constructing a peace pedagogy model which could foster a culture of peace in any educational institution. To elaborate, we describe the implementation process of a peace model in a school environment. For appropriateness, a qualitative approach with a case study method was used. 35 students were taken as the participants of the study, chosen from the eleventh grade of the science class of Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia’s demonstration High School, plus 7 teachers were taken from Indonesian Language, History, Civic Education, Islamic Education, Arts, Guidance and Counseling, and Biology departments. All the participants were purposively selected as informants to the study.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the contribution of personal stress management to an employee's performance and how such influence may affect a company's success, and evaluated stress management and its effect on employees' performance.
Abstract: Aims: In this case, the present study aimed to examine the contribution of personal stress management to an employee’s performance and how such influence may affect a company’s success. The main focus of this study was to evaluate stress management and its effect on employees’ performance. This study took place in Bandung at organization X and we applied a descriptive survey method as the most appropriate means of the study. The participants were purposively selected comprising 34 employees.
10 citations
TL;DR: The Ministry of Social Affairs found several relevant facts about the condition of child care in orphanages across five cities in Indonesia, among others is the lack of attention to the fulfillment of emotional needs and psychosocial development as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Received: February 22, 2017 Revised: March 29, 2017 Accepted: August 04, 2017 Abstract: Background: The Ministry of Social Affairs found several relevant facts about the condition of child care in orphanages across five cities in Indonesia, among others is the lack of attention to the fulfillment of emotional needs and psychosocial development. This problem persists despite the knowledge that major changes in maturity and psychosocial development, particularly associated with the social function, progressed greatly during adolescence, increasing the need for intensive psychological assistance during self-discovery. The process of self-discovery always begins with self-acceptance.
9 citations
TL;DR: The attraction of people to flowers on both a cultural and universal level has been explored in this article, where evolutionary, cognitive, perceptual, emotional or socio-cultural components of the relationship between people and flowers are discussed.
Abstract: Received: March 07, 2017 Revised: July 31, 2017 Accepted: July 31, 2017 Abstract: Background: Since ancient times people have been attracted by flowers and have invested precious energy to cultivate them even though there is no known reward for this costly behaviorin all cultures. How can this attraction be understood? To what extend is this relationship between people and flowers made up of evolutionary, cognitive, perceptual, emotional or socio-cultural components? Does it shift within different cultures? How can we better understand the attraction of people to flowers on both a cultural and universal level? Many questions in this field remain open.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role played by psychosocial factors, such as concern over individual rights vs. public safety, as well as genetic and juridical/legal literacy in the public's acceptance of a forensic DNA database, was investigated.
Abstract: Background: Over the past few decades, 32 European countries have introduced a national DNA database containing samples and/or profiles from suspected/convicted criminal offenders and biological materials from crime scenes. However, only a few studies have empirically investigated opinions on such a practice and the psychosocial factors possibly predicting public support or opposition. Objective: This study aims to preliminarily explore public support for a national DNA database in Italy. In particular, the role played by psychosocial factors, such as concern over individual rights vs. public safety, as well as genetic and juridical/legal literacy in the public’s acceptance of a forensic DNA database, was investigated. Method: Within a correlational study, a written questionnaire was administered to a sample (N = 242) of university students. Results: Participants generally showed support for a forensic DNA database. Concerns over public safety predicted the acceptance of a DNA database, with those valuing public safety being more supportive of its implementation, whereas no role was played by familiarity with the fundamental mechanisms of genetics and with the Italian Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code. Conclusion: Empirical research on this issue could provide policymakers and the police force with a better picture of the psychosocial factors underlying public support for the DNA database.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results obtained from a research program which showed that training in the heart-based Intuitive Meditation (IM) method brought about a significant shift towards more feeling based consciousness.
Abstract: Received: September 09, 2016 Revised: March 05, 2017 Accepted: March 06, 2017 Abstract: Background: This paper is based on the results obtained from a research program which showed that training in the heart-based Intuitive Meditation (IM) method brought about a significant shift towards more feeling based consciousness. This data was obtained from a pre-post test design measuring changes in scores on the Feeling Consciousness Scale (FCS). The post-test scale also included several open-ended questions.
3 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the effects of learners' online learning experience, domain-specific prior knowledge, computer attitude and computer anxiety on their perceived intrinsic, extraneous and germane load and on their learning outcome in a video-based training course about media design for employees.
Abstract: Background:
According to research based on cognitive load theory, the way of presenting information in an instructional environment is essential to the learning outcome. By avoiding unnecessary extraneous load caused by badly designed instructions and other sources, learners are more likely to successfully construct knowledge. In addition, learner characteristics are known to affect learning.
Objective:
This study explores the effects of learners’ online learning experience, domain-specific prior knowledge, computer attitude and computer anxiety on their perceived intrinsic, extraneous and germane load and on their learning outcome in a video-based training course about media design for employees.
Method and Results:
Learning outcome was assessed by ratings of subjective learning success, ratings of professional competence, the number of completed modules and performance. None of the learning outcome variables could be modelled when entering learner characteristics in a regression analysis, but all could be modelled using the cognitive load ratings.
Conclusion:
Thus, extraneous, intrinsic and germane load were the most important factors for explaining the learning outcome. This result points to the importance of instructional design and particularly to managing cognitive load in online training scenarios.
3 citations
TL;DR: Kim et al. as discussed by the authors found that there are differences in time perspective and psychological well-being between students from the 1st group, who have been in Russia for less than one year, and the 2nd group with approximately 3 years of adapting to a new culture.
Abstract: Results: The comparative and factor analysis reveal that there are differences in time perspective and psychological well-being. Students from the 1st group, who have been in Russia for less than one year, have adapted the least to Russian culture. They experience a low level of subjective well-being. The 2nd with approximately 3 years of adapting to a new culture shows instability in adapting. Their level of self-acceptance is average; they often experience emotional discomfort. The 3rd group with more than 5 years of immersion into a new culture, demonstrates a higher level of adaptation as well as a higher level of subjective well-being. This group is able to identify the positive experiences from their past and can relate to the uncertainty of their future optimistically. A link was found between maladaptation in the context of poor time perceptive, a negative view of one’s self in the past and the inability to intrinsically control ones present. The results received cohere with the concept of adaptation as a cyclical ever-increasing curve Y.Y. Kim.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate during childhood the valence of disappointment in decision-making in relation to the possibility of choosing or not, i.e., the feeling that we voluntarily control our actions and, through them, events in the world.
Abstract: Background: Decision making is a complex psychological process driven by emotions. Among the most unpleasant ones are the situations when the obtained outcome is not the one expected. This emotional experience is influenced by sense of agency, i.e. the feeling that we voluntarily control our actions and, through them, events in the world. Negative counterfactual emotions as disappointment have been marginally analyzed in children’s decision-making, and the study of children’s sense of agency could help to understand them.
Objective: To evaluate during childhood the valence of disappointment in decision making in relation to the possibility of choosing or not.
Method: 107 children (age range 7-10 years) rated their emotions before and after discovering the outcome, in two experimental conditions: choice condition, where the child could decide which of the two remaining tickets to choose in order to win some candies, and no choice condition, where the child could not decide as only one ticket was left.
Results: The self-attribution of a positive emotional state was significantly higher in the choice condition than in the no choice condition, so the possibility to pick up the ticket made children happier in general, by promoting an “illusion of control”, which is absent in the no choice condition. Then, after discovering the bad outcome, the emotions collapse, settling at substantially similar values.
Conclusion: Children have experienced a sense of agency for their choice, thus leading to an illusion of control for the decision process and to the so-called “wishful thinking”.
TL;DR: In this article, the moderating influence of social anxiety was found to vary with type of demand during passive stressor anticipation, self-focus augmented distress-related vascular reactivity in high but not in low socially anxious individuals.
Abstract: Results: The moderating influence of social anxiety was found to vary with type of demand. During passive stressor anticipation, self-focus augmented distress-related vascular reactivity in high but not in low socially anxious individuals. During speech preparation selffocus was found to facilitate task engagement and cardiac reactivity in low socially anxious individuals, whereas high anxious showed some withdrawal. Greater self-awareness during speech performance elicited cardiac increases in both social anxiety groups. However, among high anxious individuals this sustained engagement was accompanied by increased negative affect and negative self-evaluations.
TL;DR: A dynamic assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect is proposed as an alternative method for evaluating the severity of spatial neglect in children under the age of five.
Abstract: RESEARCH ARTICLE Towards a Dynamic Assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect Andrea Peru, Alice Bollini, Sergio Costanzo, Monica Dainelli, Lea Landucci, Daniele Pezzatini, Alberto Del Bimbo and Maria Pia Viggiano Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Firenze, Florence, Italy Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy Presidio di Riabilitazione Intensiva Montedomini (PRIM) ASP Montedomini, Firenze, Italy MICC Media Integration and Communication Center University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
TL;DR: Petrowski et al. as discussed by the authors studied the type-D personality in unemployed subjects and found that the personality type was associated with self-efficacy, self-awareness and heart rate variability/autonomic response.
Abstract: RESEARCH ARTICLE Type-D Personality in Unemployed Subjects: Prevalence, Self-Efficacy and Heart Rate Variability/Autonomic Response Katja Petrowski, Katharina Wendt, Susann Wichmann and Martin Siepmann Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Dresden, Germany University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universitaet Dresden Fetscherstr, 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that 2.8% of PsycINFO and 2.2% of PSYNDEX documents refer to scientific discourse, with an up-and-down trajectory in PSyNDEX (decreasing from 3.5% before 1982 to 2.1% in the 1990s, an increase up to 3.6% at the millennium and a continuous decrease to 0.9% in 2013-2015).
Abstract: Results: Firstly, the results show that 2.8% of PsycINFO and 2.2% of PSYNDEX documents refer to scientific discourse. However, time trends were different, which increased (up to 3.6% at the millennium) and then decreased (2.4% in 2013-2015) in PsycINFO, with an up-and-down trajectory in PSYNDEX (decreasing from 3.5% before 1982 to 2.2% in the 1990s, an increase up to 3.1% at the millennium, and a continuous decrease to 0.9% in 2013-2015). Secondly, distinct differences were observed between the subdisciplines of psychology and with reference to both databases: psychological/health personnel issues, psychology & the humanities, clinical psychology, history & systems, and personality psychology received the most comments and replies in PsycINFO, and educational psychology, industrial/organizational psychology, and intelligent systems the least. Most comments and replies related to PSYNDEX were found in sport psychology/leisure, personality psychology, consumer psychology, and experimental psychology, and the least are found in publications on intelligent systems, animal/comparative psychology, history & systems of psychology, and military psychology.
TL;DR: Method: A total of 258 children and adolescents aged 8-18 years and their parents were recruited from a community sample andidity indicators (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and positive andnegative predictive values for 12-month diagnoses) were calculated.
Abstract: Method: A total of 258 children and adolescents (46.51% boys) aged 8-18 years (Mean±SD: 12.66±2.73) and their parents were recruited from a community sample. For each pair of child-parent, the child and one parent were interviewed separately by an interviewer using the CASDI and by a second blind interviewer using the DSM-5 Pediatric Diagnostic Interview one week after the CASDI administration. Validity indicators (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values for 12-month diagnoses were calculated.
TL;DR: It is reasonable to assume that the NPT phenomena might have evolved as a tool for having sex, in the context of both procreation and recreation, when humans usually experience about four or five periods of REM sleep.
Abstract: People begin the sleep cycle with a period of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, followed by a very short period of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During a normal night of sleep, humans usually experience about four or five periods of REM sleep. Penile erections have generally been considered to be an epiphenomenon of REM sleep-related physiological changes for healthy males. Thus, men are very likely to awaken in the morning with a REM sleep-related erection, which is also known as nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT). Men who are physically under great strain or serious psychological stress may find it difficult to maintain a psychogenic erection. The best time for them to have sex would be during sleep time, such as when they are experiencing REM sleep-related erections. It is reasonable to assume that the NPT phenomena might have evolved as a tool for having sex, in the context of both procreation and recreation.
TL;DR: The two-point discrimination threshold measured at the third pad of the index finger decreased significantly when a near-threshold vibrotactile stimulus was applied to the dorsal hand, a response termed stochastic resonance (SR), which is consistent with findings in the other sensory systems.
Abstract: Results: The peak vibration frequency was about 150 Hz irrespective of vibration intensity, which would effectively activate fast adapting type II (FAII) cutaneous mechanical receptors. The two-point discrimination threshold measured at the third pad of the index finger decreased significantly when a near-threshold vibrotactile stimulus was applied to the dorsal hand, a response termed stochastic resonance (SR). These SR results are consistent with findings in the other sensory systems, such as auditory, visual, and somatosensory systems.
TL;DR: Csókási et al. as discussed by the authors investigated personality and psychopathology in patients with Systemic Sclerosis and found that it was beneficial for patients with systemic sclerosis.
Abstract: RESEARCH ARTICLE Personality and Psychopathology in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Krisztina Csókási , Rita Hargitai, Róbert Járai, László Nagy, László Czirják and Enikő C. Kiss Department of Personality and Health Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary Department of General and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary